hematopoietic stem cells cultured in the presence of which receptor differentiate into t cells rather than b cells?
Answers
The receptor that promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into T cells rather than B cells is the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R).
This receptor is expressed on the surface of the stem cells which then binds to Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine which signals the differentiation of the cells. IL-2R is involved in the activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, which is important for the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells.
When IL-2 binds to the IL-2R receptor, it activates the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, which triggers the differentiation of the stem cells into T cells. In addition, IL-2 is known to downregulate the expression of B cell-promoting cytokines, such as interleukin-4, which further promotes the differentiation of the stem cells into T cells.
Therefore, the presence of IL-2R and IL-2 is essential for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into T cells rather than B cells.
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Related Questions
Food webs show how matter and energy can move in an ecosystem. Which of the following relationships would NOT be found in a food web?
A
O a grasshopper eating a fly
B
O a wasp eating an aphid
с
O a plant eating an insect
DO a praying mantis eating a hummingbird
Answers
Answer:
Well, thecnically, all of those things happen in ecosystems. But it would probably have to be the plant eating an insect, because plants are typically used to reprersenthe producers, and I don't think a carnivorous plant is a producer.
During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid?
Answers
Answer: Glycolsis
Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm of the cell. Afterwards, in the presence of Oxygen, the two molecules will undergo pyruvate oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix.
A drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of __________. parathyroid hormone calcitonin growth hormone thyroid hormone
Answers
A decrease in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone.
What is the function of calcium in the blood?Calcium in blood or extracellular fluid (ECF) plays an important role in physiological processes, which include the contraction of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, blood clotting, the transmission of nerve impulses, and bone formation.
The parathyroid glands are glands that produce a parathyroid hormone which plays an important role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. If this gland is disturbed, then you are at risk of experiencing various health problems, one of which is bone disorders. The parathyroid glands are glands located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland.
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Which of the following actions increases the volume of your lungs?
d. Gases move from areas of lower pressure.
c. Air pressure increases inside the lungs.
a. The diaphragm flattens and moves downward.
b. The rib cage becomes smaller.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
During the process of inhalation, the lung volume expands as a result of the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (the muscles that are connected to the rib cage), thus expanding the thoracic cavity. Due to this increase in volume, the pressure is decreased, based on the principles of Boyle's Law
Short-spined sea urchin fossils were found directly above long-spined sea urchin fossils in a layer of rock. What do the differences between the two sets of sea urchin fossils suggest about them?
Answers
The animals die, they get covered in layers. The lowest being the oldest. The difference is showing us a direct link between the two fossils. This means that the longer-spined sea urchins existed before the shorter-spined sea urchins. And evolved to have shorter spines rather than long ones.
What do you understand by the term Homology?Homology is the term that used to describe the similarities in between biological structures or the organs in 2 or more distinct organism that comes from a common ancestors.
Thus, longer-spined sea urchins existed before the shorter-spined sea urchins.
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Explain how excitatory & inhibitory post synaptic potential
are generated. How does spatial and temporal summations affect
postsynaptic neurons?
Answers
Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) are generated in the postsynaptic neuron as a result of the neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron.
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur when the neurotransmitter released binds to the receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing the opening of ligand-gated ion channels, typically allowing positively charged ions such as sodium (Na+) to enter the neuron. This influx of positive ions depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, making it more likely to reach the threshold for an action potential.
On the other hand, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) occur when the neurotransmitter released binds to receptors that open ion channels allowing negatively charged ions such as chloride (Cl-) to enter the neuron or positively charged ions such as potassium (K+) to exit the neuron. These events hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to reach the threshold for an action potential.
Spatial summation refers to the integration of EPSPs and IPSPs from multiple synapses that are active simultaneously at different locations on the postsynaptic neuron. If the combined EPSPs exceed the threshold for an action potential, it can trigger neuronal firing.
Temporal summation, on the other hand, involves the integration of EPSPs and IPSPs that are generated in rapid succession from a single synapse. If the EPSPs occur close enough in time and summate to reach the threshold, an action potential may be triggered.
In summary, EPSPs and IPSPs are generated through the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Spatial summation involves the integration of signals from multiple synapses, while temporal summation involves the integration of signals from a single synapse over time. These summation processes determine whether the postsynaptic neuron reaches the threshold for an action potential.
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Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the _____ are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons, although the _____ also receives signals directly.
Answers
Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the dendrites are the primary receivers of signals, although the soma also receives signals directly.
Primary receivers of signals from other neurons:In order to enhance the surface area of the cell body, dendrites, which resemble tree-like extensions, are found at the beginning of neurons. These little protrusions relay electrical stimulation to the soma and take in information from neighboring neurons. Synapses are also found on dendrites.
Along its axon, the signal that is sent to other neurons travels. Even though a neuron may contain millions of dendrites, it will only have one axon. Axon terminals, the fourth separate component of a neuron, are located at the tip of the axon.
Synaptic connections between neurons allow for the transmission of signals in the form of chemical messengers. Action potentials, a type of electrical event, and chemical neurotransmitters are two ways that neurons can communicate with one another.
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If a black rabbit with upright ears (BBEe) is crossed with a black rabbit with floppy ears (Bbee), what percentage of the offspring would be expected to be black with upright ears (BBEe)?
Answers
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
what is chlamydomonas?
Answers
Answer:
a common single-celled green alga which typically has two flagella for swimming, living in water and moist soil.
What is difference between a nerve cell and a general animal cell
Answers
Explanation:
A nerve cell or "neuron" is different because it has a more specialized structure of communication using synapses, axons, dendrites and chemicals that allow it to use an electrochemical communication method via neurotransmitters.
However, like "general cells" they too have membranes, nucleus etc
A scientist observes the ocean tides moving large amounts of sand away from the beach. This is evidence for which type of natural process?
Physical weathering
Chemical Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Answers
Answer:
C erosion
Explanation:
its taking away part of the beach, and it happens slowly over time
Answer:
c
Explanation:
what innervates parotid glad
Answers
The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the parotid gland, a salivary gland in front of the ear (CN IX). The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve that starts in the brainstem and consists of both sensory and motor fibers.
What is Parotid gland?Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers go along the glossopharyngeal nerve to the otic ganglion, which is situated slightly behind the ear, where they innervate the parotid gland.The auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular division (CN V3), then carries postganglionic fibers to the parotid gland.By the activation of muscarinic receptors on the gland's acinar cells, these postganglionic fibers encourage the production of saliva from the gland.One of the three main salivary glands in the human body, the parotid gland's main job is to discharge saliva into the mouth cavity via the parotid duct.learn more about parotid gland here
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Through which process is the stem cell going?
Answers
Answer:
Apheresis
Explanation:
hopes this helps
Answer:
apheresis
Explanation:
What is the stem cell?Stem cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.
What is apheresis?Apheresis is a procedure in which blood is collected, part of the blood such as platelets or white blood cells is taken out, and the rest of the blood is returned to the donor.
I need the answer and an explanation of the correct answer
Answers
The gold fish has different genes for tail shape and they instruct the proteins whether or not to split the tails.
What are genes?The genes are the units of inheritance that can be found in the chromosomes. We know that genes were the what Mendel referred to in his genetics as factors.
The way that the genes are combined is the reason for the various ways that an organism appears. The way that the organism appears is called the phenotype while the way the genes are arranged are called the genotype of the organism.
Recall that the arrangement of the genes in the various organisms is quite different thus the organisms from the both parents do not have the same arrangement of genes.
Since the different parents have different genetic makeup that recombine in different ways, they would tend to produce offspring having different tail shapes.
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Waves turn rocks into ___________________; it’s erosion.
Answers
Answer:
sand?
Explanation:
\(\huge{\textbf{\textsf{{\color{pink}{An}}{\red{sw}}{\orange{er}} {\color{yellow}{:}}}}}\)
when waves turn rocks in to smaller rocks or sand... it's erosion
calcium ions are important for many cellular processes including muscle contraction and signaling cascades. which type of transport is most likely used to import ca^{2 } into the cell?
Answers
Calcium ions are essential for numerous cellular processes, including muscle contraction and signaling cascades. Calcium enters cells via various transport mechanisms. Active transport, facilitated diffusion, and secondary active transport are the three mechanisms for moving Ca2+ across cell membranes.
Most calcium ion importation into cells happens through secondary active transport.
The transport system is also known as a coupled transport mechanism since it employs the energy generated by the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.
The pump creates a Na+ electrochemical gradient that drives Ca2+ import through the electrogenic Ca2+/Na+ exchange transporter.
Thus, calcium ions are primarily transported into the cell via secondary active transport.
Through secondary active transport, ions move against a concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of electrochemical gradients established by ATP-driven pumps.
Therefore, the most likely transport mechanism used to import Ca2+ into the cell is secondary active transport.
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in the 1930s researchers found that after lesioning the amygdala on borth sides of the brain in monkeys, the monkeys no longer
Answers
The researchers in the 1930s discovered that when a certain region of a monkey's brain was destroyed, the animal lost its fearfulness. They approached snakes, starting playing with their hissing tongues and swinging them around like sticks. The amygdala is typically believed to be the central component of a brain system for processing scary and the frightful stimuli.
Including threat recognition and activation of appropriate fear-related responses in response to dangerous or threatening stimuli . Alternately from the irritative lesions of temporal lobe epilepsy, destructive lesions such amygdala ablation have an impact. The amygdala damage results in tameness in animals.
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you are working in a lab and decide to repeat the noll experiment that demonstrated the beads-on-a-string model for chromatin structure. however, you confuse the steps, and you isolate the dna from the proteins prior to treating with dnase i. what results do you expect?
Answers
PCR clean-up is a ordinary however crucial laboratory procedure.
You want a PCR clean-up approach that correctly gets rid of quick primers, unincorporated dNTPs, enzymes, quick-failed PCR products, and salts from PCR reactions.
Invitrogen DNA purification kits offer easier, faster, and more secure techniques for isolation of DNA fragments that yield advanced results. Purified DNA fragments are equipped for sequencing, extra PCR, transcription, mapping, cloning, and labeling.
These technical breakthroughs in genetic engineering—the capacity to manipulate DNA with precision in a check tube or an organism—have had a dramatic effect on all factors of cell biology with the aid of using facilitating the take a look at of cells and their macromolecules in formerly unimagined ways. They have supplied new gear for figuring out the features of proteins and of person domain names inside proteins, revealing a bunch of surprising relationships among them.
Finally, with the aid of using permitting the regulatory areas of genes to be dissected, they offer biologists with an vital device for unraveling the complex regulatory networks with the aid of using which eukaryotic gene expression is controlled.
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In a transverse section, each skeletal muscle is composed of ______, which are bundles of muscle fibers.
Answers
In a transverse section, each skeletal muscle is composed of fascicles, which are bundles of muscle fibers.
Skeletal muscles are composed of multiple layers of connective tissue that surround and support the muscle fibers. In a transverse section, which is a cross-sectional view of the muscle, the internal structure of the muscle can be observed.
The primary structural unit of a skeletal muscle is the fascicle. Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers (also known as muscle cells or myofibers) that are grouped together.
Each fascicle is surrounded by a connective tissue layer called the perimysium, which provides support and protection to the muscle fibers within.
The arrangement of fascicles within a muscle can vary, contributing to the functional properties of the muscle. The fascicles, in turn, consist of numerous individual muscle fibers that are responsible for generating force and enabling muscle contractions.
The muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that contain specialized structures called myofibrils, which are responsible for the contraction of the muscle.
Overall, the fascicles serve as the structural units that make up skeletal muscles, and within each fascicle, there are numerous muscle fibers that work together to facilitate movement and generate force.
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A certain organism has a diploid number of 10. Using this number, indicate the number of chromosomes that would be present in each cell at the end of the indicated stage in mitosis. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Answers
In a certain organism with a diploid number of 10, the number of chromosomes present in each cell at different stages of mitosis would be as follows:
Interphase: During interphase, which is the resting phase of the cell cycle, the chromosomes are not condensed and appear as long, thin threads. The number of chromosomes remains the same as the diploid number, which is 10 in this case.
Prophase: Prophase is the stage where chromosomes condense and become visible. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere. Therefore, the number of visible individual chromosomes would be twice the diploid number. So, in this case, there would be 20 chromosomes present in each cell during prophase.
Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell. Again, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Therefore, the number of visible individual chromosomes would still be twice the diploid number. So, there would be 20 chromosomes present in each cell during metaphase.
Anaphase: Anaphase is the stage where the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. Each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome. So, the number of chromosomes would be twice the diploid number. Thus, there would be 20 chromosomes present in each cell during anaphase.
Telophase: Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the separated chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and decondense. Each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids. Therefore, the number of visible individual chromosomes would still be twice the diploid number. So, there would be 20 chromosomes present in each cell during telophase. It's important to note that these numbers represent the visible individual chromosomes and not the number of chromatids or DNA molecules.
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Multicellular organisms show a division of labor and specialization between different tissues, yet every cell must make its own
A.) fatty acids.
B.) glucose.
C.) bile.
D.) O2.
E.) ATP.
Answers
Although multicellular organisms exhibit a division of labor and tissue specialization, each cell still needs to produce its own ATP.
The number of cells in multicellular organisms ranges from millions to trillions. These cells all carry out distinct tasks. In the body, tissues are made up of all the cells that have been trained to carry out certain tasks. Thus, a set of cells at a specific location in the body perform a specific function. Similar to how distinct functions are carried out by several groups of cells inside an organism, multicellular organisms have a division of labor.
ATP is created when energy from storage molecules is required by the cell. Then, ATP acts as a shuttle, transporting energy to regions of the cell where energy-intensive processes are occurring. The net result of every cellular electron transfer involving ATP is the synthesis of ATP molecules.
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How are abiotic and biotic factors different from each other?
Answers
Answer:
Biotic is all the living things that affect organisms; abiotic is the nonliving factors such as pH, temperature, oxygen, amount of sunlight.
Explanation:
Biotic is living
Abiotic is non living
What is an Archimedean screw used for?
1. To move things from a higher level to a lower level.
2. To change the orientation of an object.
3. To change the direction of an object.
4. To move things from a lower level to a higher level.
Answers
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Archimedean screw is to move things from a lower level to a higher level.
What is the Archimedean screw?
The Archimedean screw is one of the oldest and most usefull hydraulic machines. It is said to have been developed by Archimedes himself in ancient Greece.
The basic use of the Archimedean screw is to lift water from a lower to a higher point therefore, the use of the Archimedean screw is to move things from a lower level to a higher level.
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what dose the nucleus control
Answers
Answer:
the nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.
Answer:The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus. The gel-like matrix in which the nuclear components are suspended is the nucleoplasm.
In which reproductive cycle of the virus does the viral DNA integrates with the host DNA?
Life Cycle
Apoptosis Cycle
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Answers
Answer: Lysogenic cycle
Explanation: just took the quiz
Which cell structures work together to form a pseudopod?
A. cell wall and nucleus
B. eyespot and chloroplast
C. cytoplasm and plasma membrane
D. contractile vacuole and mitochondria
Answers
cytoplasm and plasma membrane
Pseudopodia are formed by some cells of higher animals (e.g., white blood corpuscles) and by amoebas. During amoeboid feeding, pseudopodia either flow around and engulf prey or trap it in a fine, sticky mesh.
1) the subcutaneous layer is also known as the a) dermis b) epidermis c) stratum corneum d) stratum basale e) hypodermis
Answers
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the e) hypodermis.
The subcutaneous layer, also known as the hypodermis, is the deepest layer of the skin located beneath the dermis. It is primarily composed of adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. The hypodermis serves several important functions in the body.It acts as an insulating layer, providing thermal regulation and helping to maintain body temperature. The adipose tissue in the hypodermis acts as an energy reservoir, storing excess calories and providing insulation against heat loss.The hypodermis serves as a cushioning layer, protecting underlying structures such as muscles, bones, and organs from external impacts.The hypodermis plays a role in the appearance of the skin. The thickness and distribution of adipose tissue in the hypodermis contribute to variations in body shape and contour.The hypodermis is an essential component of the skin, providing insulation, cushioning, and contributing to the overall appearance of the body.The correct option is e) hypodermis.
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5. 5 State the role of the following hormones in the body (a) Insulin (3 marks)
Answers
Answer:
Insulin is an essential hormone produced by the pancreas. Its main role is to control glucose levels in our bodies.
Answer:
he is your friend and I am not
What is the first step in making a transgenic organism?
Answers
Answer:
the first step in making a transgenic organisim is DNA extraction.
Explanation:
Scientists need to extract DNA from an organisim in order for transgenic organisims to be formed.
Answer:find a gene in one species thst would be useful if added to another spiecies
Explanation: A. P. E. X.
plssss help i will mark brainliest
Answers
Answer: 1, 3, 5, and 6
Explanation:
Answer:
DNA and Cytoplasm all cells have both in common