For the nucleophile of this reaction, dialkyl phosphonates (diesters of phosphonic acids) are electron withdrawing by resonance and inductive effect.
Resonance is the ability of certain functional groups to delocalize electrons, stabilizing or destabilizing them in the process. The inductive effect is the ability of certain functional groups to redistribute electrons along a molecule, producing a dipole moment. The presence of a phosphorus atom in the dialkyl phosphonate molecule makes the functional group electron-withdrawing by resonance and inductive effect.
This is because the phosphorus atom withdraws electrons by the inductive effect and delocalizes them through resonance, creating a less reactive nucleophile.
Therefore, The electron-withdrawing nature of dialkyl phosphonates makes them useful in certain chemical reactions such as the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Dialkyl phosphonates (diesters of phosphonic acids) are electron withdrawing by resonance and inductive effect.
To know more about resonance refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/11331041
#SPJ11
For the nucleophile of this reaction, dialkyl phosphonates (diesters of phosphonic acids) are electron withdrawing by resonance and inductive effect.
This is because the phosphorus atom in phosphonates has a high electronegativity and can participate in resonance with the oxygen atoms, pulling electron density away from the nucleophile.
Additionally, the inductive effect occurs due to the electronegativity difference between the phosphorus and the alkyl groups.
In this reaction, the dialkyl phosphonates act as nucleophiles. They have an electron-withdrawing group, the phosphonate ester, which can withdraw electrons from the nucleophilic oxygen atom through both inductive and resonance effects.
The inductive effect is due to the electronegativity of the phosphorus atom, which can pull electrons away from the oxygen atom. The resonance effect is due to the delocalization of the negative charge on the oxygen atom into the phosphonate ester group, which can stabilize the negative charge on the oxygen and make it more nucleophilic.
Overall, the combination of these electron-withdrawing effects makes the dialkyl phosphonates effective nucleophiles in this reaction.
To know more about "Oxygen atom " refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/8875030#
#SPJ11
Element A has 9 protons. Element B has 8 more protons than A. Which statement about element B is correct? * 2 points B has more electron shells than A B has more electrons in its outer shell than A B has more valence electrons than A All of the above
Answer:
A) B has more electron shells then A
Explanation:
Element A is flourine
Element B is chlorine
Chlorine has three electron shells and flourine only has 2 electron shells (on Bohr model)
Chlorine's outer shell has 7 electrons and so does flourines outer shell(on bohr model)
Sense Answer A is correct and Answer B is wrong, common snese will tell you that D is wrong sense B is wrong, and sense D is wrong that means only one is right and sense A is correct it makes C wrong
which of the following pairs of compounds gives a precipitate when aqueous solutions of them are mixed? assume that the concentrations of all compounds are 1.0 m immediately after mixing. (a) cubr2 and k2co3 (b) hno3 and nh4i (c) bacl2 and kclo4 (d) na2co3 and h2so4 (e) kcl and kno3
Explanation :
The compound pairs that would give a precipitate when their aqueous solutions are mixed are those that produce an insoluble compound when two solutions are mixed.
The correct answer for the question is option
A) CuBr2 and K2CO3.
What is a precipitate?
A solid product that is separated from a liquid reaction mixture is referred to as a precipitate.
During a chemical reaction in a solution, a precipitate may form when two aqueous solutions are mixed together.
The following pairs of compounds do not form a precipitate when their aqueous solutions are mixed:HNO3 and NH4INa2CO3 and H2SO4KCl and KNO3
What is an aqueous solution?
A liquid solvent, generally water, is used to dissolve one or more solutes in a solution, creating an aqueous solution. An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. An aqueous solution is a water-based solution with a pH of 7 or greater.
Therefore, the compound pairs that would give a precipitate when their aqueous solutions are mixed are CuBr2 and K2CO3.
To know more about the aqueous solution https://brainly.com/question/26856926
#SPJ11
Can a tutor help me with this question?
Answer:
C
Explanation:
It was the first to show that the atom had no net charge.
Explain 3 factors which you must consider in preferential discharge
Answer:
Factors that determine preferential discharge of ionsFactors Affecting the Preferential Discharge of Ions in Electrolysis
1. The position of ion in electrochemical series.2. The concentration of the ion.3. The nature of the electrode.4. Relationship between the position of ions in the electrochemical 5. Concentration of the ions in the electrolyte.
How is hygiene and sanitation, such as handwashing, important to stopping the spread of water-borne illnesses? ( 50 POINTS ANSWER IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO WIN FAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :) ) ( A SHORT ANSWER PLEASE)
Answer: Handwashing. It is estimated that washing hands with soap and water could reduce diarrheal disease-associated deaths by up to 50% 1. Researchers in London estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, a million deaths a year could be prevented 2.
Explanation:
A student makes the following hypothesis: If the amount of sugar increases then the candy
bar will taste sweeter. Which is the independent variable?
Answer: sugar
Explanation:
Consider the following pair of reactions. Predict the type of substitution mechanism, predict which reaction of the pair will occur at the faster rate, and draw the correct organic product
The reaction with S_N₂mechanism is likely to be faster than the reaction with S_N₂ mechanism. This is because the carbocation intermediate formed in S_N₁ mechanism is more stable.
The pair of reactions given below is:
CH₃Cl + NaOH→CH₃OH + NaCl
CH₃I + NaOH→CH₃OH + NaI
The type of substitution mechanism:
The first reaction involves S_N₁ mechanism (unimolecular nucleophilic substitution). The second reaction involves S_N₂ mechanism (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution).
Prediction of the reaction that will occur at a faster rate:
The reaction with S_N₁ mechanism is likely to be faster. The rate of this reaction mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation intermediate formed after the initial step. In this case,CH₃Cl reacts to form a tertiary carbocation which is more stable than the primary carbocation formed in CH₃I.
Drawing the correct organic product:
CH₃Cl + NaOH→CH₃OH + NaCl
CH₃I + NaOH→CH_3OH + NaI
CH₃C reacts with NaOHin an S_N₁ mechanism to produceCH₃OH and NaCl.
CH₃ reacts withNaOH in an S_N₂mechanism to produce CH₃OH and NaCI.
To know more about unimolecular nucleophilic substitution visit:
brainly.com/question/32657850
#SPJ11
How do I solve for 5?
• The depression in freezing point is given by ΔTF = KF · b · i,
where i depend upon the number of ions produced by the solute in a solution.
• The higher the value of i obtained, the higher the depression freezing point .
,• CaCl2 (aq) → Ca2+ (aq) + 2Cl– (aq).....(3 ions)
,• and NaCl Na+ and Cl– ions →...............(2 ions )
,• Sugar/sucrose doesnt dissociate
,• Thus CaCl2 will have similar freezing point as water . Option B
,•
hello it's my new id myself numu
Answer:
Hi numu !
How are you .
:D
Hope you have nice time
Callie did a lab during which she investigated the difference in cellular respiration rates between two different types of corn: germinating and non-germinating. A germinating seed is one from which a plant has started to grow. A non-germinating seed is usually dry and a new plant has not yet emerged. The data that she gathered are displayed in the graph.
Which of the following statements are true concerning the data that Callie gathered during the lab? Choose the two that apply.
Graph has a horizontal label of time and a vertical label of mL of oxygen consumed. The germinating corn seed line extends from 0-1.6 at the far end of the graph. The non-germinating corn seed line extends from 0-0.2.
A. The germinating corn seed consumed more oxygen than the non-germinating corn seed.
B. The non-germinating corn seed produced more carbon dioxide than the germinating corn seed.
C. The non-germinating corn seed performed more cellular respiration than the germinating corn seed
D. The germinating corn seed produced more energy than the non-germinating corn seed.
E. The non-germinating corn seed performed cellular respiration and the germinating corn seed performed fermentation.
A germinating seed is one from which a plant has started to grow. A non-germinating seed is usually dry, and a new plant has not yet emerged. The germinating corn seed consumed more oxygen than the non-germinating corn seed. This statement is true. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is germinating seed ?A dry seed starts to absorb water through its seed coat when it comes into touch with damp soil or growing medium. The seed swells and the seed coat splits open as it absorbs more water. Small shoots and roots make up the embryo inside the seed. First to appear from the seed is the root.
The prerequisites for seed germination include oxygen, water, temperature, and, only for particular seeds, light. The sprouting of seeds is impacted when one or more of these are missing. Similar internal elements that impact this process include seed viability, dormancy, and embryonic maturity.
Thus, option A is correct.
To learn more about germinating seed, follow the link;
https://brainly.com/question/15976369
#SPJ1
PLSSS I GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer:
b
Explanation:
the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes
100.0 grams of an isotope with a half-life of 36.0 hours is present at time zero. How much time will have elapsed when 25.00 grams remains?
We have that the time that will have elapsed when 25.00 grams remains is
T=72hours
From the question we are told
100.0 grams of an isotope with a half-life of 36.0 hours is present at time zero. How much time will have elapsed when 25.00 grams remains?
Generally the equation for the Half life is mathematically given as
Where
\(X=\frac{25}{100}\\\\X=0.25\\\\Therefore\\\\\frac{1}{2}^n=0.25\\\\n=2 half lives\)
Therefore
T=2*36
T=72 hours
Hence
the time that will have elapsed when 25.00 grams remains is
T=72hours
For more information on this visit
https://brainly.com/question/23366835
Which functional group is represented in the diagram below?
Answer: Ketone
Explanation:
HELPPPP!!
A student was asked to model different relationships between organisms. She used the example of an oak tree and Spanish moss in the picture below to show one of these relationships. The Spanish moss uses the oak tree for support but makes its own food and gets its water from the air. The oak tree receives no benefit but is generally not harmed by the Spanish moss. What type of relationship does this best represent?
mutualism
parasitism
competition
commensalism
Answer:
Commensalism
Explanation:
Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. The Spanish moss benefits and the oak tree neither benefits nor is harmed.
Other than reducing greenhouse gas emissions, why would an entity switch to an alternative energy solution
Answer:
renewable energy sources such as solar and wind DONT emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
Explanation:
Someone help me am i right or wrong
Answer:
You right!
Explanation:
Answer: Yes your right
what is the formula for vanadium oxide
Vanadium(V) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V₂O₅. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a brown/yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent.
formula:V2O5
pls mark as brainliest
Answer:
is it vanadium v oxide or just vanadium oxide
Explanation:
An 886 mL sample of Neon gas is at 752 torr and 299 K. What will be the new volume if, with the pressure and amount of gas held constant the temperature is increased to 371 K?
Answer:
\(V_2=1099.35mL\)
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it is possible to infer that as both the amount of the gas and the pressure remains the same, we can solve this problem via the Charles' law a directly proportional relationship between the volume and temperature:
\(\frac{V_2}{T_2} =\frac{V_1}{T_1}\)
Thus, by solving for the final volume, V2, we obtain:
\(V_2 =\frac{V_1T_2}{T_1} \\\\V_2 =\frac{886mL*371K}{299K}\\\\V_2=1099.35mL\)
Best regards!
An equilibrium mixture of H2, I2, and HI at 458 degrees Celsius contains 0.112 moles of H2, 0.112 moles of I2, and 0.775 moles of HI in a 5.00-L vessel. What is the equilibrium partial pressure of HI when equilibrium is reestablished following the addition of 0.200 moles of HI?
The equilibrium partial pressure of HI when 0.200 moles of HI are added is 4.69 atm
To answer this question, we will need to use the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction:
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
At equilibrium, the concentrations of the three gases will be related by the equilibrium constant, Kc:
Kc = [HI]^2 / ([H2] * [I2])
We can use the given initial concentrations to calculate Kc:
Kc = (0.775 mol/L)^2 / ((0.112 mol/L) * (0.112 mol/L)) = 49.3 L/mol
Now we can use the change in moles of HI to calculate the new concentration and partial pressure of HI. Since 0.200 moles of HI are added, the new concentration of HI will be:
[HI] = (0.775 + 0.200) mol / 5.00 L = 0.195 mol/L
Using the equilibrium constant expression, we can solve for the new equilibrium partial pressure of HI:
Kc = [HI]^2 / ([H2] * [I2])
49.3 L/mol = (0.195 mol/L)^2 / ((0.112 mol/L) * (0.112 mol/L)) * P(HI)
P(HI) = 49.3 L/mol / (0.195 mol/L)^2 * (0.112 mol/L) * (0.112 mol/L)
P(HI) = 4.69 atm
Learn More about partial pressure here :-
https://brainly.com/question/31214700
#SPJ11
4,2,-1,-1/2 element in quantum numbers?
The element that is shown by the quantum number is zirconium.
What is the quantum number?The quantum number is a kind of a description of the address of the electron that is present in the compound. This stems from the wave mechanical model of the atom that was put forward by Schrodinger.
In this case, we have the quantum number of the element as 4,2,-1,-1/2. This is going to correspond to an electron that can be found in the 4d orbital of the atom. This corresponds to a member of the transition series.
Learn more about orbitals:https://brainly.com/question/24258336
#SPJ1
PLEASE ANSWER
A train travels 200 miles at an average speed of 50 miles per hour. How long does it take the train to travel this distance?
When does a metallic bond present
Answer:
Metallic bonds occur among metal atoms.
What are requirements before you can compare the energy (or enthalpy or Gibbs free energy) for 2 compounds
The main two requirements to compare the energy for 2 compounds are the balanced chemical formula and the temperature of the compounds.
How do we calculate the free energy change?Gibb's free energy change of any reaction will be calculated by using the below equation as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where
ΔH = change in enthalpy
T = temperature
ΔS = change in entropy
Before calculating the free energy of any reaction you should first balance the given chemical reaction to check the involved moles of substance and also the value of temperature before & after the completion of reaction to check the nature of the reaction.
Hence balancing the equation and checking the temperature are the two requirements.
To know more about Gibbs free energy, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/8189244
#SPJ1
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about what can occur in a chemical change.
a. Compounds may be broken down into elements.
b. Elements may combine to form compounds.
c. Compounds may change from one state to another.
d. Compounds may change into other compounds.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
The statement that is true about what can occur in a chemical change is b. Elements may combine to form compounds.
What is chemical change?A chemical change can be described as the change which do take place when the substance's composition is been altered which could bring about the formation of another substance.
It should be noted that in the chimical change there is uaually a formation of a new product after one or more substance must have reacted together which implies that in this kind of change there is usuall a new substance that will be formed in the process.
Learn more about chemical change at:
https://brainly.com/question/1222323
#SPJ1
Hbr(aq) h2o(l)→h3o (aq) br−(aq) express your answers as a chemical expressions. enter your answers in order given in the question separated by commas.
Hbr(aq) h2o(l)→h3o (aq) (aq) br−(aq) Write your responses in chemical terms. Enter your responses using commas to separate them in the question's sequence. Compound acid - H3O+, Composite base - Br-, Bronsted-lowry acid - HBr, and Brønsted - lowry bases - H2O.
Any material with a different compositions is a chemical. To put it another way, every chemical always consists with same "stuff." There are some substances in nature, like water. Other chemicals, including chlorine, are produced Covalent compounds hold together molecules, ionic compounds hold together ions, metallic bonds keep together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together.
Learn more about compound here:
https://brainly.com/question/13516179
#SPJ4
A gas that has a volume of 29 liters, a temperature of 70 degrees C, and an unknown pressure has its volume increased to 37 liters and its temperature decreased to 40 degrees C. If I measure the pressure after the change to be 3.0 atm, what was the original pressure of the gas?
Answer:
4.194 atm
Explanation:
We will be using a modified version of the Ideal Gas Equation, known as the Combined Gas Law to solve this question.
The Combined Gas Law states that
(P₁ * V₁) / (T₁) = (P₂ * V₂) / (T₂)
where,
P₁ = Initial pressure
V₁ = Initial volume
T₁ = Initial temperature
P₂ = Final pressure
V₂ = Final volume
T₂ = Final temperature
Now, we modify the values given in the question to standard units.
P₁ = Unknown
V₁ = 29L
T₁ = 70 C = 273.15 + 70 = 343K
P₂ = 3.0 atm
V₂ = 37L
T₂ = 40 C = 273.15 + 40 = 313K
Now substituting the values in our equation, we get
P₁ * 29 L / (343K) = 3.0 atm * 37 L / (313K)
Taking all unknowns to one side,
P₁ = (3.0 * 37 * 343) / (29 * 313)
P₁ = 4.194 atm
Therefore, the original pressure of the gas was 4.194 atm
Know more about the Gas Laws:
brainly.com/question/30458409
2 NH3 + 3 CuO --> 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
In the above equation how many moles of N2 can be made when 170.5 grams of CuO are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element
Molar Mass
Hydrogen
1
Nitrogen
14
Copper
63.5
Oxygen
16
Answer:140 grams of N2 are made.
Explanation:
15 mol CuO x (1 mol N2 / 3 mol CuO) = 5 moles of N2.
5 mol N2 x (28 g N2 / 1 mol N2) = 140 grams of N2.
Which of the following statements on HPLC modes is true? A. Increasing the polarity of the mobile phase decreases the elution time of polar compounds in normal-phase HPLC B. A non-polar stationary phase is used in normal-phase HPLC C. Compounds have a lower attraction to the mobile phase than to the stationary phase in displacement development D. A polar stationary phase is used in reversed-phase HPLC E. More polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC
The following statements on HPLC modes are true is more polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC (Option E).
The liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique in analytical chemistry employed for the separation, identification, and quantification of elements. It is considered a highly sensitive method, and it works by separating the components in a mixture with the assistance of a solvent under high pressure.
There are two modes of HPLC: Reversed-Phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and Normal-Phase HPLC (NP-HPLC). In RP-HPLC, a nonpolar stationary phase, such as C18, is used, and polar solvents, such as water, are used as mobile phases. Polar stationary phases, such as silica gel, are used in NP-HPLC, while nonpolar solvents, such as hexane, are used as mobile phases.
More polar compounds have a greater affinity for the polar stationary phase than less polar compounds, which have a higher affinity for the nonpolar mobile phase in NP-HPLC. As a result, less polar compounds elute first in normal-phase HPLC.
Thus, the correct option is E.
Learn more about HPLC: https://brainly.com/question/13490391
#SPJ11
What was Leeuwenhoek talking about when he used the term " animalcules"?
The velocity (speed) of an object was determined to be 45 miles per
hour. Convert this speed to kilometers per hour if one kilometer equals
0.62 miles. *
Please show work thanks you
Answer: 72.58 km/hr
Explanation:
\(\frac{45 miles}{1 hour}\)×\(\frac{1 km}{0.62 miles}\) = 72.58 km/hr
Answer:
it is 72.9 km/h
Explanation:
just multiply 45 * 1.62 = ~72.9