Explain the process of addiction as it is related to the brain (use the terms: reward pathway, tolerance, dopamine)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. This three-pound mass of gray and white matter sits at the center of all human activity—you need it to drive a car, to enjoy a meal, to breathe, to create an artistic masterpiece, and to enjoy everyday activities. The brain regulates your body's basic functions, enables you to interpret and respond to everything you experience, and shapes your behavior. In short, your brain is you—everything you think and feel, and who you are.

Explanation:

How does the brain work?

The brain is often likened to an incredibly complex and intricate computer. Instead of electrical circuits on the silicon chips that control our electronic devices, the brain consists of billions of cells, called neurons, which are organized into circuits and networks. Each neuron acts as a switch controlling the flow of information. If a neuron receives enough signals from other neurons that it is connected to, it fires, sending its own signal on to other neurons in the circuit.

The brain is made up of many parts with interconnected circuits that all work together as a team. Different brain circuits are responsible for coordinating and performing specific functions. Networks of neurons send signals back and forth to each other and among different parts of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves in the rest of the body (the peripheral nervous system).

How do drugs work in the brain?

Image showing a neuron. The neurotransmitter and receptor are called out to show how signals are sent, received and processed through the neuron.

Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in the body. This allows the drugs to attach onto and activate the neurons. Although these drugs mimic the brain’s own chemicals, they don’t activate neurons in the same way as a natural neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages being sent through the network.

Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the neurons to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals by interfering with transporters. This too amplifies or disrupts the normal communication between neurons.

What parts of the brain are affected by drug use?

Drugs can alter important brain areas that are necessary for life-sustaining functions and can drive the compulsive drug use that marks addiction. Brain areas affected by drug use include:


Related Questions

How are reaction times involved in maintain homeostasis for the body?

Answers

Explanation:

Homeostasis refers to the internal body system that helps to regulate our internal body environment, such as our temperature, blood pressure, etc.

By means of internal sensors which monitor when there is a change in our normal body condition, these reaction times occur for example:

when we are triggered by our body to go and dehydrate (urinate) in the restroom,or maybe when we begin to sweat heavily after performing physical activity, those tiny droplets of sweat helps cool our body down.

All these automatic responses help us maintain homeostasis in our body.

Reaction times involved in maintaining homeostasis for the body.

Homeostasis refers to the process in which an organism maintains balance of different materials such as body temperature, water and salt levels. Many chemical reactions occur in order to maintain homeostasis.

Different types of reaction occur at different times when the body needs to maintain homeostasis or equilibrium so we can conclude that reaction times involved and plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis for the body.

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A spore is a bacterium in a vegetative stage.
True
False

Answers

Answer: False? I think

The answer is false have a good day

https: //wwww.gettyimages.com/ alamystock photo/ Shutterstock.com​

Answers

What is that? Is it a rickroll?

The _________ is the heart rate while the body is at rest.
training heart rate
minimum heart rate
maximum heart rate
resting heart rate

Answers

Resting heart rate because the heart is at rest so it is resting heart rate
Resting heart rate because training heart rate isn’t a term used for that definition.maximum is when it is at its highest and minimum is at its lowest

Do you think physical exercise can help in maintaining mental health? Give reasons for your answer.

Answers

Answer:Yes, I do think that physical exercise can help in maintaining mental health.

Explanation:Participation in regular physical activity can increase our self-esteem and can reduce stress and anxiety. It also plays a role in preventing the development of mental health problems and in improving the quality of life of people experiencing mental health problems.

The abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely is known as a/an.

Answers

Mitral regurgitation is a disorder when the mitral valve if the left side of the heart does not close properly. Backflow means that the valve is leaking and is not completely closed.

how long does it take to recover from a fractured ankle

Answers

Depending on the kind and degree of the fracture, healing from an ankle fracture might take anywhere between 6 and 12 weeks.

The length of time it takes to heal an ankle fracture depends on how severe and what kind of fracture it is. While more complicated fractures may take 12 weeks or longer to heal, simple fractures may take as little as 6 weeks. Age, general health, and the existence of prior injuries can all affect how long it takes to recover. Treatment options include elevating the injured limb, resting, icing, and immobilising the damaged limb with a cast or brace. To assist regain strength and range of motion, physical therapy may be suggested. To guarantee appropriate healing and avoid further issues, it's crucial to adhere to a doctor's recommendations and show up for follow-up appointments.

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Typically, adolescents who rebel against their parents or authorities do so because they are: A. asserting their independence from their parents. B. asserting their personal individuality. C. conforming to their peers. D. more emotionally mature than their non-rebellious counterparts

Answers

Most of the time, when adolescents rebel against their parents or authorities, it is because they are trying to fit in with their peers.

What does adolescent age mean?Between puberty and maturity, adolescence is a phase of transitional physical and psychological development. Although adolescence is typically linked with the teenage years, it can start sooner or end later depending on its physical, psychological, or cultural manifestations. The period of life from the age of 10 to 19 is known as adolescence. It is a distinct period in the development of the human being and a crucial one for building the groundwork for long-term health. Teenagers grow quickly in terms of their bodies, minds, and social skills. The term "adolescence," which refers to the stage of life after childhood, derives from the Latin word "adolescentia," which meaning "youth." Adolescents are children and young adults who are undergoing the stage of human psychological and physical development that takes place between the onset of puberty and maturity.

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What is % of your body weight lifted in modified push up ?

Answers

Answer: The answer is 50%-75%

Explanation:

These calculations also agree with the currently published research on the matter which says that anywhere from 50 to 75% of your body weight is lifted during a standard push-up. Since everyone's body shape and weight distribution differs, the actual percentage of your weight that you lift during a push-up will vary.

Answer: 64%

Explanation: In a regular push-up, you lift 64 percent of body weight, whereas, with a knee push-up, you lift 49 percent. If you're new to training, performing the push-up with hands elevated on a 24-inch bench will allow you to lift even less than a knee push-up, at 41 percent of body weight. Although it really depends on the size of your body weight.

Me: Hope this helps!! Brainlist plz?


What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the
heart rhythm?

Answers

Be sure that no one is touching the victim, not even the rescuer in charge of giving breaths. Some AEDs will tell you to push a button to allow the AED to begin analyzing the heart rhythm; others will do that automatically.

Which option identifies the career Javier is engaged in in the following scenario?

Javier has a job where he participates in the production of foods, beverages, candy, pharmaceuticals, oral care products, cosmetics, nutritional products like vitamins, and pet food. He ensures that a certain aspect of foods will be maintained throughout the manufacture process using aromatic chemicals, essential oils, and essences. Javier has a degree in chemistry and spent five years in on-the-job training before passing a series of exams. He then was an apprentice for two more years.

Answers

Answer:

i am pretty sure the job Javier has is a "Flavorist"

Explanation:

Hey Candy Joe’ 24 piece of candy 1/3 of the color are chocolate and the leftover Chinee how are gummy bear and other half are kittle how many chocolate are in the jar

Answers

Eight chocolate pieces, eight gummy bear pieces, and eight kittle bits are included in the jar.

One jar holds 24 candies, with chocolate making up one-third of the assortment.

Multiplying the total number of pieces by 1/3 will yield the precise amount of chocolate bits.

24 × 1/3 = 8

This means that the jar contains 8 chocolate bits.

Gummy bears and kittles are the two categories in which the remaining candies can be separated. The remainder of the candies is divided into two groups: gummy bears for half and kittles for the other.

24 - 8 = 16

24 - 8 = 16

16 ÷ 2 = 8

Thus, the jar contains 8 pieces of each: 8 kittle bits and 8 pieces of the gummy bear.

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Name 5 muscles used for each Health Related component of fitness.

Answers

Answer:

Cardiovascular Endurance.

Muscular Strength.

Muscular endurance.

Flexibility.

Body Composition.

Explanation:

dmdydy

Answer:

Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition

Explanation:

How does your genes affect your body and why?

Answers

Genes play a crucial role in determining our physical characteristics such as height, eye color, and hair color as well as our susceptibility to certain diseases and conditions due to genetic predispositions. This is because genes provide instructions for the production of proteins that are necessary for various bodily functions and processes.

Name the two methods given in the lesson that athletes can use to self diagnose their own performance.

Answers

Answer:

The methods are quadriceps and calves.

1. The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh .

2. calves are located at the back portion of the lower leg in human anatomy.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!! ;-)

Making sure the calf muscles are strong and stable will improve athletic performance by contributing to the stability and joint strength of the knee and ankle.

What is the role of quadriceps and calves?

Strengthening and bulking up your calves will make it easier for you to jump higher, absorb force better, run quicker, and provide more ankle stability for squats, deadlifts, as well as while you're walking or running.

However, the unspoken advantage of calf exercise is that it will fortify and aid in preventing injury to your Achilles tendon.

Strong quads make it possible for many of the daily tasks we engage in because they are so essential to the mobility of the legs.

By stabilizing the knee and preventing injury, quad muscle strengthening also helps to relieve knee discomfort.

Therefore, quadriceps and calves, is the method given in the lesson that athletes.

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Calculate the drip rate (gtt/min) for 100 mL of IV fluid to be given over 2 hours via a tubing set which delivers 60 gtt/mL.​

Answers

Yea ma’am I am going home now to go get back to my grandmas and I

You are on the scene of a church bus​ roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage​ officer, which patients should you assign the highest​ priority?

Answers

As the triage officer of a church bus roll-over collision scene with 30 passengers involved, those who are assigned the highest priority are those who are in critical or life-threatening conditions.

The following conditions can determine which patients are assigned the highest priority includes Uncontrolled bleeding Signs of shock, such as weak pulse, rapid breathing, pale, and clammy skin Difficult or stopped breathing Chest pain or pressure Severe head injury Unconsciousness Severe burns or cuts to the face Difficulty in speaking or seeing. The triage officer prioritizes patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment to increase their chances of survival or recover. They evaluate each patient and categorize them based on the severity of their injury and the likelihood of their survival. Patients that are assigned the highest priority should be transported to a hospital immediately.

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What are the only two races that you DO NOT need to stay in your lane?

800 meter and 1600 meter

200 meter and the mile

800 meter and 100 meter

the mile and 1600 meter

Answers

Answer:

800 meter and 1600 meter

Explanation:

I'm not 100% sure, but I think this is right.

Sorry if it isn't.

why should there be a good relationship among population and environment and development? present with relative examples and any five logical points​

Answers

Answer:

because

when there is fresh environment people will have energy and developif people are hardworking they developif there is development environment will also be cleanif there is environment people will get mineral and developdevelop exist only when people are skilled and utilize resourcefollow me

What are the incentives and disincentives for physicians to
accept Medicare assignment?

Answers

Answer:

As an Al language model, I don't have personal beliefs, but here are some of the incentives and disincentives for physicians to accept Medicare assignment:

Incentives:

1. Access to a large patient population: By accepting Medicare assignment, physicians have access to millions of patients who are enrolled in the program. For many physicians, this is a significant advantage as they have a ready pool of patients to treat.

2. Guaranteed payment: When a physician accepts Medicare assignment, they are guaranteed payment for their services. While the payment rates may not be as high as private insurance rates, physicians don't need to worry about collecting payments from patients directly, and payments are typically made within a few weeks of submitting claims.

3. Increased patient loyalty and retention: Patients who are enrolled in Medicare generally stay enrolled for life. By accepting Medicare assignment, physicians can build lasting relationships with these patients and retain them as patients for many years.

Disincentives:

1. Lower reimbursement rates: Medicare typically pays lower reimbursement rates for medical services compared to private insurance plans. For some physicians, this can be a significant disincentive to accepting Medicare assignment.

2. Increased paperwork and administrative burden: Medicare requires physicians to submit a significant amount of paperwork and documentation for each patient. This administrative burden can be time-consuming and frustrating for physicians.

3. Increased regulatory and compliance requirements: Accepting Medicare assignment also means complying with numerous regulatory and compliance requirements, such as the Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute. These requirements can be complex and may require significant resources to ensure compliance.

Which time management strategy can help Darnell, a nurse, be productive at work?
A.
having frequent meetings with colleagues
B.
organizing his work area
C.
checking his work multiple times to ensure there is no error
D.
spending time with colleagues to get to know them better

Answers

The time management strategy which can help Darnell, a nurse, be productive at work is organizing his work area and is therefore denoted as option B.

Who is a Nurse?

This is referred to as a healthcare professional who specializes in taking care of the sick and ensuring that adequate recovery is achieved.

Time management on the other hand is the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities and it involved organizing the work area so as to ensure that the things needed to work are readily available so as to save time looking for them.

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Leslie is working on her muscular fitness goals. What should Lesile focus on?

A. Athleisure
B. Cardio
C. Nutrition
D. Resistance training

Answers

Answer:

D, resistance training.

Explanation:

Leslie should focus on resistance training.

What is the role of the food and drug administration?.

Answers

Answer:

responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.

Explanation:

Answer:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.

Why is it important to have a healthy eating habit?

hopefully it's your own answerrr, thank you!!

Answers

Explanation:

You should have healthy eating habits because:

1st) If you eat healthy you live long.

2nd) you might have seen some people eating junk food which later have heart related problems.

3rd) eating healthy food will help your blood circulation, heart and other organs healthy.

4th) not even healthy food. You should exercise daily as it plays major role in keeping body healthy.

hope this helps you

have a great day :)

WILL MARK BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP!!!

There are several different electronic record keeping programs available to health care facilities. Do an online search and compare at least two. Imagine that you need to select a program for a facility that has a staff

of 8 and sees about 300 patients annually but plans to expand in the next year. Explain why one program is better than the other. Be sure to consider features such as price, capability, readability, and support services.

Include details about the kinds of records that they take and how they would best meet the needs of the facility in your answer. Include links to the websites where you found the program with your answer.

Answers

Upon further investigation, Practice Fusion and AdvancedMD emerged as two potential electronic record-keeping solutions for a facility with eight employees and an annual patient volume of roughly 300.

What about the investigation?

For medical practices with up to three doctors, Practice Fusion is a cloud-based platform that provides free electronic health record (EHR) services. For larger practices, they do, however, charge a monthly fee. It offers an intuitive user interface and editable templates that may be customized to the particular requirements of the institution.

Additionally, it has elements like encrypted communications, lab integrations, and e-prescribing. Because it is inexpensive and simple to use, Practice Fusion would be appropriate for a small facility.

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Why do those who work in Biometrics need a strong understanding of anatomy?
A: It is all about body mechanics
B: They will need to treat injuries
C: It involves a lot of Rehabilitation
D: Team interactions depend on the body

Answers

Answer: A

Explanation: Many human body scans can be used in biometrics. Specifically, we looked at the eyes (retinal and iris scans), skin (fingerprinting), blood (DNA) and other outer organs.

Answer:

A-it is all about body mechanics

Explanation:

got it right on post-test

The daughter of an elderly, confused female patient reports that her mother is having urinary incontinence several times each day. What will the provider do initially?
a. Obtain a urine sample for urinalysis and possible culture
b. Order serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen tests
c. Perform a bladder scan to determine distention and retention
d. Tell the daughter that this is expected given her mother's age and confusion

Answers

Option a is correct. Initially the provider will obtain a urine sample for urinalysis and possible culture.

A urine sample can be taken in order to do a urinalysis and, in certain cases, a culture, which can assist diagnose any underlying infections or other urinary abnormalities that might be causing the incontinence.

To examine kidney function and look for any underlying renal abnormalities, ordering serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen tests is helpful.

But in this instance, dealing with the reported urinary incontinence is the main issue, so a urinalysis and culture are required to look for any infection.  Following a preliminary assessment and if urinary retention or bladder distention are a concern, a bladder scan may be performed.

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Do you Know where to find my Life?

Answers

Answer:

yes

you're livin it

u may or may not be happy but thats life

please give me answer

what mean of marriages ?
why people born baby? ​

Answers

Explanation:

People give birth to baby's because there making copys of themselves, since they are human, the baby will also be human.

Marriage: When another person is obligated to another person, either of the opposite gender, or the same gender.

Remember, marriage doesnt give baby's.

he newly synthesized drug called numb3caine contains an amine group, an aromatic group, and an ester linkage. hydrolysis of which moiety would be expected to terminate the action of the drug?

Answers

Given that ester links are frequently degraded by esterases (enzymes) in the body, the ester linkage may be to blame for the drug's duration of effect.

Given the inclusion of an amine group and an aromatic group, two typical functional groups found in many local anesthetics, num3caine is most likely a local anesthetic. The action of the drug is affected by the ester linkages in the drug.

The effect of numb3caine would be anticipated to end upon hydrolysis of the ester bond. This is because the bond between the aromatic and amine groups would be broken by the hydrolysis of the ester linkage, rendering the medication inert. In addition, the hydrolysis of the ester bond would probably lead to the production of an acid, which could irritate or hurt the administration site.

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