The coupling condensation between two molecules bound to FA synthase refers to the process in which two activated fatty acid molecules are joined together by the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FA synthase).
The coupling condensation between 2 molecules bound to FA synthase refers to the process of joining two fatty acid molecules together to form a longer chain. This process is facilitated by FA synthase, which acts as an enzyme to catalyze the reaction. During the reaction, the two fatty acid molecules are coupled together by forming a bond between the carboxyl group of one molecule and the methyl group of the other molecule. This bond formation results in the release of a molecule of water, which is known as a condensation reaction. Overall, the coupling condensation reaction is a critical step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, allowing for the production of longer chains of fatty acids that are necessary for many cellular functions. This reaction involves the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond and the release of a water molecule, which is known as a condensation reaction. FA synthase facilitates this coupling condensation by providing the necessary active sites and energy for the reaction to occur efficiently.
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what are second messengers? what are second messengers? voltage-gated ion channels peptide neurotransmitters molecules that activate additional enzymes in the cytosol special proteins that span a 3-nm gap between two cell membranes
The correct option is A; Molecules that activate additional enzymes in the cytosol,
The cytosolic portion of the liver comprises soluble phase I enzymes such as esterases, amidases, and epoxyde hydrolases, as well as soluble phase II enzymes such as the majority of sulfotransferases (ST), glutathione s-transferases (GST), and N-acetyltransferases (NAT) (NAT).
These enzymes are known as hydrolytic enzymes, and they are responsible for breaking down big molecules into little ones. For example, big proteins can be broken down into amino acids, huge carbs can be broken down into simple sugars, and large lipids can be broken down into single fatty acids.
At integrin adhesion sites, the cytoplasmic proteins integrin-linked kinase (ILK), pinch, and parvin form the complex (IPP). They play critical roles in integrin-mediated signaling [62,63].
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Full Question ;
What are second messengers? Choose the correct option. A) Molecules that activate additional enzymes in the cytosol B) Voltage-gated ion channels C) Peptide neurotransmitters D) Special proteins that span a 3-nm gap between two cell membranes
Second messengers are: (3) molecules that activate additional enzymes in the cytosol.
Second messengers are the signaling molecules that are intracellular in nature. They get activated when an extracellular signaling ligand receptor interaction relays the signal for activation. These second messengers relay signals for the further activation of molecules. Th examples are: cAMP, cGMP, IP3, etc.
Enzymes are the biological catalyst that function to increase the rate of any chemical reaction. The enzymes are usually proteinaceous in nature. They work by lowering down the activation energy of a chemical reaction. The example of enzymes are: peptidase, lipase, catalase, invertase, etc.
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What is the Family an d Species of Red Algae?
What is the species of Cyanobacteria?
(KPCOFGS)
The family of red algae is diverse and includes several different families, such as Rhodomelaceae, Gelidiaceae, and Porphyridiaceae.
The species of red algae vary greatly within these families. Cyanobacteria, on the other hand, belong to the phylum Cyanobacteria and are not classified using the KPCOFGS taxonomy system. Instead, they are classified based on their morphological and physiological characteristics.
Red algae, also known as Rhodophyta, comprise a large and diverse group of algae. They are classified into different families based on their characteristics, including the structure of their thallus (body), reproductive structures, and pigments. Some common families of red algae include Rhodomelaceae, Gelidiaceae, and Porphyridiaceae.
Within these families, there are numerous species of red algae, each with its unique characteristics and habitats. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic bacteria. They belong to the phylum Cyanobacteria and are not classified using the KPCOFGS taxonomy system typically used for plants and animals.
Cyanobacteria are classified based on their morphological features, such as cell shape, arrangement, and pigmentation, as well as their physiological characteristics and genetic traits. The classification of cyanobacteria is continually evolving as new information and techniques are discovered in the field of microbiology.
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HELP PLEASEEE! which type of organism is most likely to be preserved? Why?
Answer:One that gets burried quickly
Explanation:If an organism or its trace gets buried quickly, it is less likely to be destroyed.
Answer:
When an organism is buried rapidly, there's less rot and a superior chance for it to be protected. The difficult parts of organisms, such as bones, shells, and teeth have distant better; a much better; a higher; a stronger; an improved">a stronger chance of getting to be fossils than do gentler parts. One reason for this is often that foragers for the most part don't eat these parts.
Explanation:
how does a banana become a banana?
There is a seed in the banana and then the seed grows into a tree and produces more banana
vitamin b12, the coenzyme vital to rbc synthesis (erythropoiesis), requires this carrier to be effectively absorbed by epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa.
The carrier that vitamin B12 requires to be effectively absorbed by the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa is the intrinsic factor (IF). Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in many metabolic processes in the body. One of its most important functions is to act as a coenzyme in the synthesis of red blood cells (erythropoiesis).
Vitamin B12 is found exclusively in animal-derived foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy products. When consumed, the vitamin binds to proteins in these foods and is released into the stomach during digestion. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid separates the vitamin from the proteins and converts it into its free form.
Once in the small intestine, vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor (IF), a protein secreted by the stomach. The IF-B12 complex is then absorbed by the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Inside the cells, the vitamin is released from IF and binds to transcobalamin II (TCII), a transport protein that carries it to the liver and other tissues where it is used for various metabolic processes.
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Which of the following statements about transcription in prokaryotes in FALSE?
Select one:
a. It uses DNA as the template to make RNA.
b. It is tightly regulated by the cell.
c. It uses a lot of cellular energy.
d. It occurs in the nucleus.
e. It uses RNA polymerase as the main enzyme.
It does not occur in the nucleus it occurs in the cytoplasm is False.
Transcription in prokaryotes (and in eukaryotes) calls for the DNA double helix to partially unwind in the location of mRNA synthesis. The region of unwinding is called a transcription bubble. The DNA sequence onto which the proteins and enzymes worried in transcription bind to initiate the method is known as a promoter.
In prokaryotes (organisms with out a nuclear membrane), DNA undergoes replication and transcription and RNA undergoes translation in an undivided compartment. All 3 methods can occur simultaneously.
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Which of the following is a stressful environmental condition found in degraded areas of New York City? a. The soils are more contaminated, compacted, and disturbed. B. There are too many essential organisms in the soil. C. Surrounding wetlands absorb water too quickly. D. Brownfields tend to be cooler and drier than other areas. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
The stressful environmental condition found in degraded areas of New York City is the soils are more contaminated, compacted, and disturbed.
Soils in degraded areas are often highly polluted by heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and other pollutants. This makes the soils less fertile and less able to support plant growth.
Degraded areas in New York City are characterized by a stressful environmental condition where the soils are more contaminated, compacted, and disturbed. This soil pollution caused by heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and other pollutants makes the soils less fertile and less able to support plant growth. Therefore, it is important to restore the health of degraded soils to improve the urban landscape.
The stressful environmental condition found in degraded areas of New York City is caused by the contamination, compaction, and disturbance of soils. Such soils are not suitable for plant growth and may pose a risk to human health. Therefore, it is essential to remediate degraded soils to improve the health of the urban environment.
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Which process is directly responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate molecules?a. digestionb. excretionc. respirationd. circulation
Respiration is the process which is responsible for synthesizing ATP or the adenosine triphosphate.
The correct option is option c.
Cellular respiration or respiration is basically defined as a series of chemical reactions which happen to break down the glucose in order to produce the ATP, which is then used as a source of energy by the cells which are present in our body in order to power a number of reactions reactions throughout the body.
There are three major steps which occur during cellular respiration. These steps are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation.
Hence, option c is correct.
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Which scientist was not involved in solving the mystery of the configuration of the DNA molecule? Question 8 options: Francis Crick Rosalind Franklin Robert Hooke Erwin Chargaff
Answer: Robert Hooke
Explanation: I already take the test
Robert Hooke was not involved in solving the mystery of the configuration of the DNA molecule.
Robert Hooke saw little, box-like cavities, which he depicted and referred to as cells. He had stumbled across plant cells! Hooke's finding laid the groundwork for cell theory by revealing cells as the tiniest constituents of life.
DNA Molecule- Nucleotides are chemical building units that make up DNA. A phosphate group, the sugar group, and one of four different nitrogen bases make up these building components. Nucleotides are joined together into chains, with both the sugar and phosphate groups switching places, to create strands of DNA.
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WRITE ROLE OF ENZYMES IN SEED GERMINATION
What is the Purpose of the "DNA extraction liquid"?
Answer:
plase bear with me i know this is a long answer
Explanation:
The purpose of DNA extraction liquid is to break open cells and dissolve cellular membranes, proteins, and other cellular components in order to release DNA from the cell. This is an essential step in DNA extraction procedures, as DNA is tightly packed within the cell and needs to be isolated and purified for further analysis.
There are many different types of DNA extraction liquids that can be used depending on the type of sample and the downstream application. Commonly used extraction liquids include phenol-chloroform, ethanol, and various commercial kits that utilize a variety of chemical agents and protocols.
The DNA extraction liquid typically contains a combination of reagents that help to disrupt the cell membrane and denature cellular proteins, allowing the DNA to be released and separated from other cellular components. These reagents can include detergents, salts, enzymes, and organic solvents. After the DNA has been released from the cell, it can be further purified using various methods, such as precipitation or column-based purification, depending on the specific application.
In summary, the purpose of DNA extraction liquid is to break open cells and release the DNA for further analysis. It is a critical step in many molecular biology and biotechnology applications, including genetic research, diagnosis of genetic diseases, and forensic analysis.
Hope this helps!!
. An area in your town is a dense forest filled with many different types of plants and animals. It contains tall, deciduous trees. A nearby area contains very few, small trees and mostly short grasses. Provide an explanation as to why these two neighboring areas are so different from one another.
2. Suppose you were able to watch all of the stages of succession in an area from the beginning to the end. Choose primary, secondary or aquatic succession and explain what you would see at the beginning (including what might have triggered the event if applicable), and the stages in between and at the end of the succession process. Be sure to use any relevant vocabulary from the lesson.
Which term best describes the joints at the top of your
skull?
A.) Motionless
B.) Flexible
C.) Rubbery
D.) Elastic
Answer: A
Explanation:
the joints on the top of your skull is motionless
Is over drainage suitable for cultivation of citrus? Why?
Pls need help fast
Answer:
over drainage is not suitable for citrus
Explanation:
All citrus trees require deep soil having both good surface and internal drainage. Surface drainage refers to runoff to prevent water standing around the tree. ... Avoid soils that have a high caliche content or are excessively salty, as citrus trees will not grow well in such soils.Remember that all citrus trees can die from overwatering as well as insufficient water. One of the main signs of overwatering is if your Meyer lemon tree has yellow leaves or drops leaves. ... This means that the older leaves will turn yellow while the new growth will appear healthy. In the case of severe deficiency, the leaves will brown and fall off the tree.
Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?.
Stress is __________. A. positive or negative, depending on circumstances B. a body's automatic physical response C. a negative reaction to outside influences D. A and B only Please select the best an
Stress can be both positive or negative, depending on the circumstances and it is also a body's automatic physical response.
Option (D) is correct.
Stress is a natural and instinctual reaction that occurs in response to various stimuli, and it can have both positive and negative implications. Positive stress, known as "eustress," is the type of stress that can motivate and energize individuals, helping them perform at their best and adapt to challenging situations. Negative stress, known as "distress," is the harmful type of stress that can have detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being.
So, stress can be positive or negative depending on the context and how it is perceived or managed. Additionally, stress triggers a range of physiological responses in the body, such as the release of stress hormones and increased heart rate, which are part of the body's automatic physical response to stress.
Therefore, the correct option is (D).
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Complete this comparison statement.
photosynthesis : oxygen ::
Choose the correct answer.
oxygen : carbon dioxide
cellular respiration : oxygen
cellular respiration : enzymes
cellular respiration : carbon dioxide
Answer:
s
Explanation:
s
Answer:
I think it's the last
Explanation:
because the plants liberate carbon dioxide
Which stable element is used to determine the age of volcanic rock
Answer:
Argon
Explanation:
One of the most common methods to date volcanic rocks uses potassium (radioactive parent) and argon (stable daughter)
Answer:
Radiocarbon dating
Explanation:
Carbon-14 dating is used to determine the age of volcanic rock
answer multiple choice: 1- If you water your palms, do so in the:
a. night b. morning 0. afternoon d. any time
2- Like animals, fungi are a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. mesotrophic d. all the answers
is true 3- The Oomycota are now members of the kingdom Chromista rather than Fungi but continue to be treated as fungi because
of: a. their many other similarities to them b. not similarities to them 0. have cell walls composed of chitin d. have cell wells composed
of cellulose. 4- The pathogen attacks other host (barberry) to complete its
life cycle, this is: a. fusarium poxydoms b. Puccini graminet tritica c. Ustilago nuda tritici d. Helminrhosporium maydis 5- Downy mildew effected the leaves surface of:
a. wheat b. palm c. maize d. barely 6- the symptoms of leaf blight its; a. the effect at young stage b. small yellowish round to oval spots
on leaves 0. a and b correct d. dark and brown color 7- Net blotch that symptoms, can be extensive in winter but affected leaves die back and new leaves in spring can be
symptom-free caused in: a. barley b. maize c. palm d. wheat 8- Sesame grown since antiquity for its: a. leaves b. seeds 0. roots (1. all the answers its true
9-The Sesame seeds are also high in: a. protein b. Vitamin B6 c. thiamin d. all the answers its true ... Show more"
1. Watering palms can be done at any time.
2. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms.
3. Oomycota, although now classified under the kingdom Chromista, are still treated as fungi due to their many similarities.
4. The pathogen that completes its life cycle by attacking another host (barberry) is Helminrhosporium maydis.
5. Downy mildew affects the leaves of maize.
6. The symptoms of leaf blight include small yellowish spots on leaves.
7. Net blotch, which can cause extensive symptoms in winter but symptom-free new leaves in spring, is found in barley.
8. Sesame is primarily grown for its seeds.
9. Sesame seeds are high in protein, Vitamin B6, and thiamin.
1. When it comes to watering palms, it can be done at any time without a specific preference for a particular period of the day.
2. Fungi, unlike autotrophic organisms, are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter.
3. Oomycota, previously classified as fungi but now considered part of the kingdom Chromista, are still treated as fungi due to their numerous similarities with true fungi.
4. The pathogen Helminrhosporium maydis attacks barberry plants as part of its life cycle.
5. Downy mildew affects the surface of maize leaves, causing damage and potential crop loss.
6. Leaf blight is characterized by small, round to oval, yellowish spots on leaves, typically occurring at a young stage of plant development.
7. Net blotch, a fungal disease, can cause extensive symptoms in winter but does not affect new leaves in spring, particularly in barley plants.
8. Sesame is primarily cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in oil and have various culinary uses.
9. Sesame seeds offer nutritional benefits, as they are high in protein, Vitamin B6, and thiamin, providing essential nutrients for a healthy diet.
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Which organ detects the need to breathe faster and move the blood around faster through the body during exercise?
Question 7 options:
Brain
Lungs
Heart
Skin
In fruit flies, dominant alleles for two different genes are required for red eye color. Suppose Gene 1 has alleles R and r and Gene 2 has alleles E and e. Only flies with at least one R allele and at least one E allele will have red eyes; all other genotypes lead to white eyes. For the cross Rr Ee x Rr Ee, what fraction of the offspring are expected to have red eyes?
The expected fraction of offspring with red eyes in a cross between Rr Ee and Rr Ee is 3/4.
This is because there are three possible genotypes that will lead to red eyes (RREe, RrEE, and RrEe) and one genotype (rree) that will lead to white eyes. Therefore, 3 out of 4 offspring will have red eyes.
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1 Test One:
2 Test Two:
3 Test Three:
6. Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
The parents of the mystery hamster are either two hamsters with short hair or two ff hamsters. I am confident that this is accurate because using two Ffhamsters as test subjects will result in a ff/long-furred hamster.
Are hamsters healthy pets?Hamsters are regarded as fantastic pets by many people. They don't require a lot of affection, are adorable, cuddly, and fun to hold, and get enough exercise by running round their wheel. These might make a wonderful first pet for some kids.
How long do pet hamsters live?Even though some might live longer, hamsters typically only live up to two years. Top hamster facts include the following: Hamsters are members of the Cricetidae family and there are 24 different kinds. The most common pet breeds are Syrian, Russian Dwarf Campbell, and Roborovski.
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The correct question is
Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
Test One
Parent 1: FF
Parent 2: Ff FF
FF
Ff
Ff
Phenotype ratio:
4: 0
short fur: long fur
Test Two
Parent 1: Ff
Parent 2: Ff Ff
ff
FF
Ff
Phenotype ratio:
3: 1
short fur: long fur
Test Three
Parent 1: ff
Parent 2: ff ff
ff
ff
ff
Phenotype ratio:
0: 4
short fur: long fur this is the cart
What adaptation do seeds dispersed through ballistochory have?
a)
sail-like structure
b)
smooth and aerodynamic
c)
hollow on the inside
d)
pleasant smell and taste
Answer:
smooth and aerodynamic
Explanation:
Seeds are usually smooth, like a baseball, so that they cut smoothly through the air and don't have a lot of wind resistance.
The adaptation that seeds dispersed through ballistochory has smooth and aerodynamic. The correct option is b.
What are adaptations?Adaptation is a biological process that is done by many plants and animals to survive in given conditions. Adaptation is causing the partial or full change in their body or functions to match with the environmental conditions.
Plants with ballistochory means possibly ejects by the seeds full stop this adaptation or evolution happened in which seats are dispersed into many tentacles and seats are dispersed into soils for pollination this comes under wind dispersion.
Seeds launch an angle and release the elastic energy store in the fruit. These adaptations are smooth.
Therefore, the correct option is b. smooth and aerodynamic
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You have discovered a new species of fungus associated with plant roots. It invades the cells in the roots, forming arbuscular mycorhizzae. Based just upon this character, you confidently determine that this fungus is member of the: You have discovered a new species of fungus associated with plant roots. It invades the cells in the roots, forming arbuscular mycorhizzae. Based just upon this character, you confidently determine that this fungus is member of the:
A. Ascomycota.
B. Basidiomycota.
C. Glomeromycota.
D. Zygomycota.
Can an enzyme be recycled? Explain.
Answer:
Enzymes serve as catalysts to many biological processes, and so they are not used up in reactions and they may be recovered and reused. However, in a laboratory setting, reactions involving enzymes can leave the enzyme unrecoverable. This process makes the enzyme at once less reactive but more stable.
An astronaut is planning a trip to a newly-discovered planet according to the law of universal gravitation, the astronaut weight in the new planet will be greater than his weight on earth if:
The new planet has more mass than Earth but the same radius. The mass of the astronaut will be calculated by the use of Newton's gravitational equation. The weight of the astronaut depends completely on its mass and the gravitational acceleration of the planet.
Gravitational acceleration is directly proportional to the mass of the planet and indirectly proportional to the radius of the planet. Hence, when the gravitational acceleration increases the planet's mass will increase therefore the radius will decrease. The astronaut's mass will depend on these factors.
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Which features make yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) an excellent cloning tool? a. The YAC allows for the expression of bacterial genes. b. In their linear form, YACs contain telomeres at each end for stability, an origin of replication, and they can be used to clone up to 2-Mb pairs of DNA. A YAC also contains a yeast centromere along with selectable markers and a number of restriction sites. This allows for the insertion of up to 2-Mb pairs of DNA. c. Eukaryotic genes are relatively small. Cloning into a YAC allows for the function and the structure of these genes to be studied. d. YACs are large but low copy number plasmids that can accept DNA inserts in the 100- to 300-kb range.
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are exceptional cloning tools due to their ability to clone up to 2-Mb pairs of DNA, accompanied by telomeres, replication origins, selectable markers, and a yeast centromere.
The features that make yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) an excellent cloning tool are:
b. In their linear form, YACs contain telomeres at each end for stability, an origin of replication, and they can be used to clone up to 2-Mb pairs of DNA. A YAC also contains a yeast centromere along with selectable markers and a number of restriction sites. This allows for the insertion of up to 2-Mb pairs of DNA.
d. YACs are large but low copy number plasmids that can accept DNA inserts in the 100- to 300-kb range.
These features make YACs ideal for cloning large DNA fragments, allowing researchers to study and manipulate large segments of DNA. YACs provide stability through the presence of telomeres, replication origins, and centromeres, ensuring proper replication and segregation during cell division.
The selectable markers and restriction sites present in YACs facilitate the insertion and manipulation of DNA fragments. Overall, YACs offer a versatile and powerful tool for cloning and studying large DNA sequences, making them valuable in genetic research and biotechnology applications.
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Mr. Lim wants to start a sustainable oil palm plantation. In your opinion, how can Mr.Lim control the rat population that frequently destroy crops?
Answer:
hope it helps
Explanation:
He can grow a cat or birds.
He can set up traps.
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thanku
What is ittt please I need it rq
The correct words to fill in the gaps respectively are proteins, speed up, catalysts, increase, and rate.
What are enzymes?Enzymes are simply biological catalysts found in living cells. They are proteinous in nature and work by speeding up on increasing the rate of biological reactions.
The rate of any reaction is a measure of how much of the products of the reaction are being produced per unit of time.
Thus, the complete paragraph with the missing words would be:
Enzymes are important proteins in your cells that speed up important biological reactions such as building muscles or breaking down large food molecules.
Enzymes are often called a catalyst because they can increase the speed of any biochemical reaction.
Scientists often measure how quickly biochemical reactions occur in cells. The time it takes for biochemical reactions to start and finish is known as the reaction rate.
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In your own words, describe the role of the scientific method in scientific investigation.
The scientific method serves as a structured framework for conducting scientific investigations.
How does the scientific method shape investigative processes?The scientific method involves a series of steps, starting with observation and formulation of a research question. Researchers then formulate hypotheses, educated guesses about the outcomes of their experiments.
These hypotheses are tested through carefully designed experiments, allowing for the collection of empirical data. The collected data is then analyzed to draw meaningful conclusions. The scientific method promotes objectivity, consistency, and reproducibility in research, enabling scientists to build upon existing knowledge and refine their understanding of the natural world.
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