Draw the general titration curve for a strong acid titrated with a strong base. At the various points in the titration, list the major species present before any reaction takes place and the major species present after any reaction takes place. What reaction takes place in a strong acid-strong base titration? How do you calculate the pH at the various points along the curve? What is the pH at the equivalence point for a strong acid-strong base titration? Why? Answer the same questions for a strong base-strong acid titration. Compare and contrast a strong acid-strong base titration with a strong base-strong acid titration.

B

The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is a basic solution, so the pH of that solution should be close to 14

then when adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) we start to neutralice the solution, meaning the pH must sift slowly to lower pH.

Assuming both solutions have similar concentration the pH shall shift form basic (above 7) to acid pH (below 7). Until now both B and D images agreed with the explanation given. To chose between them we need to remember that HCl is a very strong acid, which means that in solution will get to very acid solutions (very low pH values) which leaves only B as possible answer

To obtain 600 mg or elemental calcium, you must take three Tums tablets daily. Every day, a lot of Tums tablets are required.

Because they contain the most elemental calcium (approximately 40% by weight), calcium carbonate supplements are typically the greatest value. It's recommended to take calcium carbonate with food because it needs stomach acid to be absorbed.

The two calcium chemicals that are typically frequently utilized are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. A meal should be consumed together with calcium carbonate supplements since they dissolve easier in an acidic environment. Supplements containing calcium citrate can be taken whenever because they don't need an acid to dissolve.

To know more about elemental calcium visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15446064
#SPJ1

Pipettes are commonly used in laboratories and research facilities for transferring small amounts of liquid accurately. However, in biocontainment settings, it is crucial to prevent the spread of contaminants, as they can pose a significant risk to public health. This is where mark to mark pipettes come into play.

Mark to mark pipettes are designed to have gradations that go from the tip of the pipette to the mark. This allows for a more precise and accurate measurement of the liquid being transferred, reducing the risk of spills or contamination. In addition, mark to mark pipettes are considered ergonomic because they provide a visual cue for the user to align the pipette properly, reducing the likelihood of user error.
Biocontainment is a critical factor in laboratory work, and mark to mark pipettes can help reduce the risks associated with the transfer of liquids. They are essential tools that are used in biosafety cabinets, which are specifically designed to protect the user, the environment, and the sample being worked on. By utilizing mark to mark pipettes, the user can achieve a high level of accuracy and precision while minimizing the risk of contamination. In conclusion, mark to mark pipettes are an essential tool in biocontainment settings, helping to ensure the safety of both the user and the sample being worked on.

for more information on ergonomic see:

https://brainly.com/question/17408983

#SPJ11

During the reaction between NaOH and CaCl2, a clear solution of NaOH reacts with CaCl2 to form a rusty red precipitate of Ca(OH)2.

Here is a more detailed answer:

1. Formulas of the reactants:

  - NaOH: Sodium hydroxide

  - CaCl2: Calcium chloride

2. Complete Molecular Equation:

  NaOH(aq) + CaCl2(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

3. Complete Ionic Equation:

  Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) + Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)

4. Net Ionic Equation:

  Ca²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s)

5. Formulas of the possible products:

  Ca(OH)2: Calcium hydroxide

6. Observation (visual):

  Before the reaction, the solution is clear. After the reaction, a rusty red precipitate is formed.

7. Evidence of Reaction (proof):

  The change in color from a clear solution to a rusty red precipitate indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred.

8. Spectator Ions:

  Na⁺(aq) and Cl⁻(aq) are spectator ions because they do not participate in the overall reaction. They are present on both sides of the equation.

9. Reacting Ions:

  Ca²⁺(aq) and OH⁻(aq) are the reacting ions because they undergo a chemical change to form the precipitate.

10. Did the reaction occur?

   Yes, the reaction occurred. The formation of a precipitate indicates a chemical reaction has taken place.

11. Classification of Reaction:

   This is a double displacement or metathesis reaction, where the ions of the reactants exchange to form new compounds. In this case, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) precipitates out of the solution.

To know more about precipitate, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/30904755

#SPJ4

As bond order decreases in  b2, c2 and p2 but increases in f2, 3 of them will decrease bond order.

Bond order is defined in chemistry by Linus Pauling as the difference between the number of bonds and anti-bonds. The number of electron pairs (covalent bonds) between two atoms is the bond order.

For example, the bond order between the two nitrogen atoms in diatomic nitrogen NN is 3. (triple bond). The bond order between the two carbon atoms in acetylene is also 3, and the C-H bond order is 1. (single bond).

The bond order between carbon and oxygen in carbon monoxide CO+ is three. The bond order between sulphur and nitrogen in thiazyl trifluoride NSF3 is 3, while the bond order between sulphur and fluorine is 1. The bond order in diatomic oxygen O=O is 2 (double bond).

Learn more about Bond order

https://brainly.com/question/29858800

#SPJ4

2 Bond Order Reduction Elements are always made up of just one type of atom, however molecules can include only one type of atom if one electron is removed from the neutral molecule.

Definition of a molecule

The smallest unit of a substance that retains its composition and properties is a molecule. It is constructed of two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds. Moles are the foundation of chemistry.

Is a molecule an ionic bond?

A molecule, which is a grouping of three or more atoms, is the largest recognized unit into which a pure substance may be divided while keeping its makeup and chemical reactivity.

To know more about molecule visit:

https://brainly.com/question/19556990

#SPJ4

Answer:

Continental polar

Explanation:

Answer:

Polar air masses!

Explanation:

They form between 50 and 60 degrees latitiude, Siberia and Northern Canada are the most commonplace for these to form!

The atomic symbol and mass number for an atom containing 50 protons and 64 neutrons is and 114 respectively.

Atomic symbol or chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and chemical compounds.

The symbol of an element is unique to each element and is used to identify the element.

The mass number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

According to this question, an atom containing 50 protons and 64 neutrons will have a mass number of 114 and an atomic symbol of Fl standing for flerovium.

Learn more about mass number at: https://brainly.com/question/4408975

#SPJ1

25.0 mL of HCl is required to react with the excess NaOH.

The number of mL of HCl required to react with the excess NaOH can be determined using the equation

M1V1 = M2V2,

where M1 is the molarity of NaOH, V1 is the volume of NaOH, M2 is the molarity of HCl, and V2 is the volume of HCl. First, we need to find the moles of NaOH using the given molarity and volume:

Moles of NaOH = M1V1 = (0.100 M)(50.0 mL) = 5.00 x 10^-3 moles NaOH

Next, we use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCl to determine the moles of HCl required to react with the excess NaOH:

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of HCl. Therefore, the moles of HCl required to react with the excess NaOH is also 5.00 x 10^-3 moles HCl.

Finally, we use the equation M1V1 = M2V2 to find the volume of HCl required:

Moles of HCl = M2V2

5.00 x 10^-3 moles HCl = (M2)(V2)

V2 = (5.00 x 10^-3 moles HCl) / M2

If the molarity of HCl found in question 1 is 0.200 M, then:

V2 = (5.00 x 10^-3 moles HCl) / (0.200 M)

V2 = 25.0 mL HCl

To learn more about Molarity :

https://brainly.com/question/30404105

#SPJ11

Celie is stunned at her way of behaving; She also feels a little bit envious of her bravery. As a consequence of this, Celie reenacts her internalized oppression of Sofia

And endorses the notion that Sofia, a brave and proud woman, should be slain as she has been. She instructs Harpo to beat his wife.

By Alice Walker Sofia figures out that Celie advised Harpo to beat her and she feels deceived. Celie apologises and explains that she only offered Harpo that direction because "I'm jealous of you." I say it cause you do what I can't Battle."

She starts seeing a prizefighter, and while they are in town, she fights Miss Millie, the wife of the mayor. Sofia and the mayor fight, and the police beat Sofia, leaving her deformed and unable to move. She is condemned to 12 years in jail.

Learn more about Oppression:

brainly.com/question/31315445

#SPJ4

Answer:

Aside from the sun, the water cycle is driven by the transpiration in plants and respiration in humans. Humans and animals both release water vapor in the atmosphere.

Explanation:

I hope this helps you! :D

Beside energy from sun, water molecules moves on in water cycle by kinetic energy. Kinetic energy helps to weakens the intermolecular attraction between water molecules and thus, makes its smooth flow.

Water cycle is the process of balancing the water content on earth and its atmosphere. Through this process, water changes from one phase to the other with the aid of energy.

Water normally exists in the liquid state but it can be changed to solid and gas. By absorbing heat energy from sun, the liquid forms evaporates and converts to the gaseous phases then diffuses to the atmosphere.

The liquid form of water also changes into its solid form that is ice, and the process is called condensation. Ice can be melted to form both liquid and gas.

Thus, evaporation and sublimation  (solid to gas) needs absorption of energy from sun as well kinetic energy of water molecules.

To find more about water cycle, refer the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/1151425

#SPJ2

The major products formed when benzene reacts with the following reagents are :

(a) tert-butylbenzene

(b) bromobenzene

(c) mixture (ortho-nitrobenzene, meta-nitrobenzene, para-nitrobenzene)

(d) benzaldehyde

(e) nitrobenzene

(a) The major product formed when benzene reacts with tert-butyl bromide and \(AlCl_3\) is tert-butylbenzene.

(b) The major product formed when benzene reacts with bromine and a nail (iron) is bromobenzene.

(c) The major product formed when benzene reacts with iodine and \(HNO_3\) is a mixture of ortho-nitrobenzene, meta-nitrobenzene, and para-nitrobenzene.

(d) The major product formed when benzene reacts with carbon monoxide, HCl, and \(AlCl_3\)/CuCl is benzaldehyde.

(e) The major product formed when benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulfuric acid is nitrobenzene.

To learn more about bromobenzene follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/32141237

#SPJ4

• given that volume = 230ml ,therefore mass of water = 230g

• ∆T = Tfinal-Tinitial =30.5-22.9 = 7.6°C

• Specific heat capacity of water , C= 4.184J/°C*g

• Therefore , q = mass* C * ∆T

= 230 * 4.184 * 7.6

=7313.6 J /1000

q= 7.314KJ

• given : mass of methanol burned = Mass F-Mass initial

=(2.51-1.65) = 0.86 g

• So ,moles of methanol , n = mass methanol/Mol. mass methanol

= 0.86g/32.04g/mol

=0.027 moles

• Finally , ∆H = q/n

= 7.314KJ / 0.027mol

=270.85KJ/mol

• However, this is an exorthemic reaction, heat is lost through combustion, our molar enthalpy should be negative.

41.7% is the percentage by mass of hydrogen (H) in lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The solution mixture is frequently defined in terms of mass percentage.

The mass percent might be used to denote a degree. Furthermore, it defines the element during a specific mixing. The solution mixture is frequently defined in terms of mass percentage. It represents the amount of solute contained in a mass m of solution.

The quantity of solutes can be stated in terms of mass or moles. We will study the percent by mass formula with numerous solved numerical examples in this post.

Mass percent = (component’s mass ÷ total mass) x 100%

                      = (1/ 23.95)x 100%

                     = 41.7%

Therefore, 41.7% is the percentage by mass of hydrogen (H) in lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

To learn more about percentage by mass, here:

https://brainly.com/question/28998211

#SPJ1

Yes, the melting point of the purified compound is expected to increase after recrystallization.

Recrystallization is a common purification technique used in chemistry to remove impurities from a solid compound. During the process, the compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent and then slowly cooled or allowed to evaporate, leading to the formation of well-defined crystals.

The impurities, which have different solubilities, remain dissolved or are excluded from the crystal lattice, resulting in a purer compound.

The increase in melting point occurs because the presence of impurities disrupts the regular crystal lattice structure of the compound, causing the melting point to decrease and broadening the melting range.

By removing impurities through recrystallization, the crystal lattice becomes more organized and pure, leading to a narrower and higher melting point range.

A higher melting point indicates that the compound is more thermally stable and has a more ordered and uniform crystal structure. It is a desirable characteristic for identifying and determining the purity of a compound.

Therefore, an increase in the melting point after recrystallization is a positive indication of improved purity and crystalline structure of the compound.

Know more about Recrystallization here

https://brainly.com/question/30630528#

#SPJ11

Answer:

7.56°C is the temperature when the gas occupies 400cm³

Explanation:

Based on Charles's law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature under constant pressure. The equation is:

V₁T₂ = V₂T₁

Where V is volume and T is absolute temperature of 1, initial state and 2, final state of the gas.

Computing the values:

V₁ = 560cm³

T₂ = ?

V₂ = 400cm³

T₁ = 120°C + 273.15 = 393.15K

560cm³*T₂ = 400cm³*393.15K

T₂ = 280.71K - 273.15 =

Answer: \(3.2 \times 10^{-13}\)

Explanation:

\(K_w=[\text{H}^{+}] \times [\text{OH}^{-}]\)

However, as this is pure water, \([\text{H}^{+}]=[\text{OH}^{-}]\), meaning that \(K_w=([\text{H}^{+}])^2\).

We can find \([\text{H}^{+}]\) from the pH.

\(\text{pH}=-\log([\text{H}^{+}])\\\\6.25=-\log([\text{H}^{+}])\\\\\)

\([\text{H}^{+}]=10^{-6.25}\).

Therefore, \(K_w=(10^{-6.25})^2 =3.2 \times 10^{-13}\).

10g-4.58=4.42g volume of hydrogen gas

Octane (C8H18) has a higher boiling point than hexane (C6H14), pentane (C5H12), butane (C4H10), and propane (C3H8).

Among the given hydrocarbons, octane has the highest boiling point. A hydrocarbon with a higher molecular weight (larger number of carbon atoms) tends to have a higher boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid state to a gas state. It is a physical property that is determined by intermolecular forces.

Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points, while weaker intermolecular forces lead to lower boiling points. The intermolecular forces in hydrocarbons are van der Waals forces, which increase with increasing molecular weight. Hence, octane (C8H18) has a higher boiling point than hexane (C6H14), pentane (C5H12), butane (C4H10), and propane (C3H8).

To know more about Octane refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/31617948

#SPJ11

We need the structure (Refer to the attachment)

(i) The initial reaction rate is \(2*10^{-4} mol litre^{-1} sec^{-1.\)

(ii) The half-life period of the reaction is 1386 seconds.

(iii) The time taken to complete 75% of the reaction is approximately 2772 seconds.

We can use the first-order rate equation:

Rate = k[N2O5]

Where:

Rate is the reaction rate,

k is the rate constant,

[N2O5] is the concentration of N2O5.

Given:

Rate constant (k) = \(5*10^{-4} sec^{-1}\)

Initial concentration of N2O5 =\(0.4 mol litre^{-1}\)

(i) To find the initial reaction rate:

Substitute the given values into the rate equation:

Rate = k[N2O5]

Rate = \((5*10^{-4} sec^{-1})(0.4 mol litre^{-1})\)

Rate = \(2*10^{-4} mol litre^{-1} sec^{-1}\)

The initial reaction rate is \(2*10^{-4} mol litre^{-1} sec^{-1}\).

(ii) To find the half-life period:

The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by the equation:

t(1/2) = (0.693 / k)

Substitute the given value of k into the equation:

t(1/2) = \((0.693 / 5*10^{-4} sec^{-1})\)

t(1/2) = 1386 sec

The half-life period of this reaction is 1386 seconds.

(iii) To find the time taken to complete 75% of the reaction:

The time required to complete a certain percentage of a reaction can be found using the equation:

t = (ln(1 / (1 - x)) / k)

Where x is the fraction of the reaction completed (in this case, 75%).

Substitute the given values into the equation:

t =\((ln(1 / (1 - 0.75)) / 5*10^{-4} sec^{-1})\)

t = 2772 sec

The time taken to complete 75% of the reaction is approximately 2772 seconds.

To know more about reaction rate refer here

https://brainly.com/question/13693578#

#SPJ11

The pH of H2SO4 is 1.20×10–2.

We need to determine the pH of a 0.310 M solution of H2SO4.In order to find pH, we'll need to find the [H+] of the solution.

At equilibrium, the concentration of H+ will be twice that of the initial concentration of H2SO4.

Thus, [H+] = 2 × 0.310 = 0.620 M

The concentration of [SO42-] will also be 0.310 M.

Using the Ka2 expression for H2SO4 gives:

Ka2 = ([H+][SO42-])/[H2SO4]1.20 × 10-2 = (0.620 x 0.310)/[H2SO4][H2SO4] = 0.12 M

The [H+] in the solution is 2 × 0.310 = 0.620 M,

so:

pH = -log([H+]) = -log(0.620) = 0.2064 (rounded to four significant figures)pH = 0.21 (rounded to two significant figures)

Therefore, the pH of a 0.310 M solution of H2SO4 is 0.21.

learn more about pH here

https://brainly.com/question/172153

#SPJ11

Answer and Explanation

There are 2 significant figures.

Answer:

1.74 g/cm3

Explanation:

density=mass/volume

Explanation:

density = 1300/743

or density=1.74g/cm3

Okay, let's solve this step-by-step without using quadratics:

1) The equilibrium constant Kc = 0.36 means the equilibrium lies to the left. So there will be more N2O4 than NO2 at equilibrium.

2) The initial concentration of N2O4 is 0.1 mol dm^-3. Let's call this [N2O4]initial.

3) At equilibrium, the concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 will be [N2O4]equil and [NO2]equil respectively.

4) We know the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:

Kc = ([NO2]equil)^2 / [N2O4]equil

5) Setting this equal to 0.36 and plugging in 0.1 for [N2O4]initial, we get:

0.36 = ([NO2]equil)^2 / (0.1 - [NO2]equil)

6) Simplifying, we get:

0.036 = [NO2]equil^2

7) Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

[NO2]equil = 0.06 mol dm^-3

So the equilibrium concentration of NO2 is 0.06 mol dm^-3.

Let me know if you have any other questions! I can also provide a more step-by-step explanation if needed.

Answer:

D. Cytokinesis

Explanation:

Mitosis is the cell division that involves the synthesis of two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitotic division occurs in stages namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Following this four processes is another called CYTOKINESIS

Cytokinesis, which occurs after nuclear division, is the division of the cytoplasm. According to this question, the observation made when viewing the specimen was that "the cell has a narrow middle part which almost separates into two bulging ends and which looks like the number 8". This described the process of CYTOKINESIS in plant cell specifically.

         When molecules of the constituent components are not entirely mixed, this is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. You could observe patches of one substance scattered among patches of another substance with the unaided eye or even under a microscope. The mixtures typically manifest as various phases or states of matter.

       The environment on a wet day serves as an illustration of a heterogeneous blend. Air, a gas, and liquid raindrops combine to create the wet atmosphere. Through the less thick air, there are spots of dense liquid water dropping. Due to the presence of two states, or phases, of matter—liquid and gas—it is clearly a heterogeneous mixture.

        Importantly, visibility is lowered on a rainy day. Because sunlight can move through air without being blocked, we can see through it. However, liquid raindrops bend, disperse, and block sunlight, preventing it from passing through the cloudy atmosphere.

         On the planet Earth, heterogeneous mixes make up the great bulk of substances.

        Below are many instances of typical heterogeneous mixtures.

To Learn more About heterogeneous mixture, Refer:

https://brainly.com/question/14441492

#SPJ13

The valence-shell configuration of the metallic element M in Period 4 is 4s2 4p6.

What is the valence-shell configuration of the metallic element M in Period 4?

The valence-shell configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell, or valence shell, of an atom. In Period 4, the valence shell of the metallic element M would be the fourth shell, denoted as the 4s and 4p orbitals.

The electron configuration of an element is determined by the position of the element in the periodic table. Since M is in Period 4, we know that it has four electron shells. The valence electrons are those located in the outermost shell, which determine the element's chemical properties and reactivity.

In this case, the valence-shell configuration of M is given as 4s2 4p6, indicating that there are two electrons in the 4s orbital and six electrons in the 4p orbitals. The total number of valence electrons can be calculated as the sum of the electrons in the valence orbitals, which in this case is 8.

Learn more about valence-shell

brainly.com/question/20861869

#SPJ11

Answer:

d. melting

As heat enters the water the particles move much faster, bumping into each other. Therefore, more heat means more energy!

Hopesthis helps!

Answer:

Boiling point in estimated time

Boiling point of the solution can be measure with the given materials.

A student was provided with only a thermometer and a stopwatch and a beaker so with these materials the student can measure boiling point of a liquid. The liquid or a solution is poured into the beaker whereas the thermometer is a temperature measuring device.

The stopwatch is used to calculate the temperature of the solution so we can conclude that boiling point of the solution can be measure with the given materials.

Learn more about thermometer here: https://brainly.com/question/2339046