Determine whether each of the molecules below is polar or nonpolar. Bent H0 Choose... Tetrahedral CH4 Choose... Linear N2 Choose... Linear CO2 Choose...

True. active transport is used to move solutes against the concentration gradient.

Active transport is a cellular process that uses energy to move solutes against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the input of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to drive the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient.

By utilizing specialized transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane, active transport allows the movement of ions, molecules, or other substances across the membrane against the natural flow dictated by diffusion. This mechanism enables the cell to maintain concentration gradients and perform essential functions such as nutrient uptake, ion transport, and waste removal.

In contrast, passive transport processes, such as simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion, move solutes along their concentration gradient, from higher to lower concentrations, without requiring energy expenditure. Active transport is a vital mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of cells and organisms.

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The numbers in scientific notation can be converted to ordinary notation as follows:
a. \(7.050 x 10^3 g\); In ordinary notation, this is 7,050 g.
b. \(4.000 05 x 10^7 mg\), In ordinary notation, this is 40,000,500 mg.
c. \(2.350 0 x 10^4 ml\), In ordinary notation, this is 23,500 ml.


To convert a number from scientific notation to ordinary notation, you need to move the decimal point to the right or left depending on the exponent of 10.

a. The exponent is 3, so you move the decimal point 3 places to the right, resulting in 7,050 g.

b. The exponent is 7, so you move the decimal point 7 places to the right, resulting in 40,000,500 mg.

c. The exponent is 4, so you move the decimal point 4 places to the right, resulting in 23,500 ml.

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The balanced equation for the reaction of iron with water that results in the production of iron oxide and hydrogen gas is

3 Fe (s) + 4H₂O (g) → Fe₃O₄ (s) + 4H₂ (g)

Iron does not react directly with liquid water but react with water vapour. When the reaction happens, it results in the formation of a solid and a gas. The products of the reaction are Iron oxide and hydrogen. The equation of the reaction would be

Fe (s) + H₂O (g) → Fe₃O₄ (s) + H₂ (g)

Now, we need to balance the equation. On the right-hand side, we have 3 Fe, 4 O and 2 H. Similarly on the left-hand side there are 1 Fe, 1 O and 2 H.

To balance the equation, we add 3 to Fe, 4 to H₂0 and 4 to H₂.

As a result, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction would be

3 Fe (s) + 4H₂O (g) → Fe₃O₄ (s) + 4H₂ (g)

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Answer:

Sulfur and Nitrogen

Explanation:

Molecular compounds are formed mostly when nonmetals combine. Usually electrons are shared between atoms in the covalent bond.

Sulphur and nitrogen are nonmetals whose difference in electronegativity is not much. Hence they form a molecular compound.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The kinetic-molecular principle of gases assumes that perfect gasoline molecules are constantly moving.

The gasoline debris has a negligible extent. The gas debris is similarly sized and no longer has intermolecular forces (enchantment or repulsion) with other fuel particles. The gasoline debris flows randomly in settlement with Newton's legal guidelines of motion. The gasoline debris has perfect elastic collisions without energy loss.

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If the threshold energy of the reaction 2016O(n, γ) 170 is 15.6 MeV, then the atomic mass of 170Ol can be calculated.

Given:Atomic mass of Ol (15.996415 amu)Atomic mass of neutron (1.008665 amu)M (Ol) = 15.996415 amuM (neutron) = 1.008665 amu Threshold energy of the reaction, E = 15.6 MeV The threshold energy (E) is the minimum amount of energy that an incoming neutron must have to trigger the nuclear reaction or the amount of energy that is needed to supply for the reaction to proceed.

The atomic mass of 170Ol can be calculated as follows:E = [M (n) + M (2016O) - M (170O)] x c²Where c = speed of light, M (n) = mass of neutron, M (2016O) = mass of oxygen-16M (170O) = mass of the oxygen-17, the product of the reaction.Rearranging the above equation:  M (170O) = [M (n) + M (2016O) - E/c²]Thus, M (170O) = [1.008665 + 15.994915 - (15.6 x 10⁶ eV/ (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)²)] amuM (170O) = 16.98803 amuTherefore, the atomic mass of 170Ol is 16.98803 amu.

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The magician pulling a tablecloth out from under dishes and glasses is a classic trick that requires skill and precision. To successfully execute the trick, the magician needs to ensure that the tablecloth is pulled out quickly and smoothly enough to not disturb the dishes and glasses on the table.

The key to this trick is the physics of motion. When the magician pulls the tablecloth, they need to do so quickly enough that the cloth comes out from under the dishes before they have a chance to move. The dishes and glasses are already in motion due to their inertia, which means they want to keep moving in a straight line. If the tablecloth is pulled slowly or unevenly, it will cause friction with the dishes and glasses, disrupting their motion and causing them to fall.

To avoid this, the magician must pull the tablecloth in a straight line and with enough force to overcome the friction of the dishes and glasses. Additionally, the magician can also use a special cloth made of synthetic fibers that reduces friction and makes it easier to pull the tablecloth out smoothly. Overall, pulling a tablecloth out from under dishes and glasses is a challenging and impressive trick that requires skill, precision, and an understanding of the physics of motion. With practice and careful execution, a magician can perform this trick flawlessly and amaze their audience every time.

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Answer:

Mass is an extensive physical property, it depends on the amount of matter being measured. It is physical because it can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity.

CIF will tend to increase as the reaction proceeds toward equilibrium.

Given that Kp is equal to 20 at 2500 K, we can calculate the initial concentrations of CIF using the ideal gas law. Let's assume the initial volume is 1 liter for simplicity.

For Cl2:

P(Cl2) = 0.18 atm

n(Cl2) = P(Cl2) * V / (RT) = 0.18 mol

For F2:

P(F2) = 0.31 atm

n(F2) = P(F2) * V / (RT) = 0.31 mol

For CIF:

P(CIF) = 0.92 atm

n(CIF) = P(CIF) * V / (RT) = 0.92 mol

Based on the balanced equation, for every 1 mole of CIF, 1 mole of Cl2 and 1 mole of F2 are consumed. Therefore, the initial moles of CIF are equal to the initial moles of Cl2 and F2.

Since the initial concentrations of CIF, Cl2, and F2 are the same, and the reaction is not at equilibrium, we can conclude that CIF will tend to increase as the reaction proceeds toward equilibrium. This is because the reaction favors the formation of CIF, as indicated by the value of Kp. As CIF forms, the concentrations of Cl2 and F2 decrease, driving the reaction in the forward direction to restore equilibrium.

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Answer:

Each component in a mixture contributes a fraction to the total number of moles in the mixture. This fraction is called the _mole_ fraction of the component. In a mixture of gases, this fraction is proportional to the _mole_ pressure for each gas present.

The bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.

Stretching frequency of a bond: The mass effect on stretching frequencies is particularly evident when deuterium isotope equivalents are compared with the corresponding hydrogen functions. Thus, the stretching frequency of a free O-H bond will be 3600 cm-1, but the O-D equivalent is lowered to 2600 cm-1.

The bond with the higher stretching frequency is usually the bond with a higher bond order.

Here are the expected bond order of the bonds below:

C-O (carbonyl): Double bond

C-C (alkane): Single bond

C-H (alkyl): Single bond

So, the bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"Without doing a calculation, which of the bonds below would you expect to have the higher stretching frequency? C-O or C=O"--

Answer:

sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite. The balanced reaction equation is b. H2SO3(aq) + 2 LiOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Li2SO3(aq).

li2so4+h20 (hope it helps )

Answer:

It would take approximately 81.65 kJ (or 81,650 J) of heat to convert 230.0g of ice at -10C to water at 0C.

Explanation:

To calculate the amount of heat needed to convert ice at -10°C to water at 0°C, we need to consider two steps:

1. Heating the ice from -10°C to 0°C (heat required to raise the temperature of ice)

2. Melting the ice into water at 0°C (heat required to change the state of ice)

Let's first calculate the heat required for step 1:

Q1 = m × c × ΔT

where Q1 is the heat required, m is the mass of the ice, c is the specific heat capacity of ice, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.09 J/g°C, and ΔT is (0°C - (-10°C)) = 10°C.

So, Q1 = 230.0 g × 2.09 J/g°C × 10°C = 4827 J

Now, let's calculate the heat required for step 2:

Q2 = m × Lf

where Q2 is the heat required, m is the mass of the ice, and Lf is the latent heat of fusion of ice.

The latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 J/g.

So, Q2 = 230.0 g × 334 J/g = 76820 J

Therefore, the total amount of heat needed to convert 230.0g of ice at -10C to water at 0C is:

Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 = 4827 J + 76820 J = 81647 J

Therefore, it would take approximately 81.65 kJ (or 81,650 J) of heat to convert 230.0g of ice at -10C to water at 0C.

For every 60 grammes of ethane, 108 grammes of water are produced. We therefore obtain 10.8 g of water from the combustion of 6 g of ethane. As a result, is created in 0.6 moles.

The mole fraction of the solvent must be multiplied by the partial pressure of the solvent in order to determine an ideal solution's vapour pressure. The vapour pressure would be 2.7 mmHg, for example, if the mole fraction is 0.3 and the partial pressure is 9 mmHg.

One mol of the solute is contained in one thousand grammes of the solvent (water) in a one molal solution. It follows that the solution's vapour pressure is 12.08 kPa.

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Bomb Calorimeter: The Bomb calorimeter is a device used to determine the heat of combustion for organic material or fuels. Heat is given out by the burning process, and the quantity of heat produced can be used to evaluate the fuel's heating value (calorific value). The fuel is burnt in a high-pressure oxygen environment within the calorimeter, and the temperature rise produced by the combustion is measured. The heat transfer capacity of the calorimeter, the heat capacity of the calorimeter, and the heat of combustion are all factors that must be considered in the bomb calorimeter's operation.

Method of Calibration:

The calorimeter must be calibrated by adding a small amount of benzoic acid (usually 1.5g) of known calorific value to the combustion cell. The bomb is filled with 30 atmospheres of pure oxygen and the benzoic acid is ignited, causing it to combust within the bomb and producing heat. The heat produced is absorbed by the calorimeter and is recorded, and the results of the benzoic acid's combustion are compared to the value given in literature to calculate a correction value. This correction factor can then be used in the analysis of unknown fuels to compensate for the calorimeter's thermal losses.

The Orsat Gas Analyser:

The Orsat gas analyser is an instrument used to measure the concentration of gases in a flue gas sample. This instrument is used to determine the amount of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide produced by a combustion reaction. A sample of the flue gas is extracted and passed through a series of chemical agents that absorb the gases of interest, the remaining gas is then analysed to determine the gas concentration. The Orsat analyser is used to ensure that combustion is complete and that toxic gases such as carbon monoxide are not being produced. It can also be used to optimize fuel to air ratios to maximise combustion efficiency.

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Answer:

blue

Explanation:

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits belonging to the same class of chemicals.  The following is an exception to this statement is:

c) Steroids

Large organic molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are typically formed through the process of polymerization. Polymerization involves the repetitive bonding of smaller subunits, known as monomers, to form a long chain or polymer. These monomers usually belong to the same class of chemicals, meaning they have similar structures and functional groups.

In the case of DNA, the monomers are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The repetitive bonding of nucleotides creates a long chain of DNA.

Similarly, cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls, is composed of repeating units of glucose monomers. The polymerization of glucose molecules forms long cellulose chains.

Contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin found in muscle fibers, are also assembled through the polymerization of monomers. These monomers, called amino acids, are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into the functional protein structure.

However, steroids, including molecules like cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone, are an exception to this general pattern of polymerization. Steroids have a distinct structure consisting of four fused carbon rings. They are not formed through repetitive bonding of identical subunits like proteins or nucleic acids. Instead, steroids are synthesized through specific biosynthetic pathways in living organisms.

While steroids play crucial roles in various physiological processes, they do not follow the typical pattern of polymerization seen in other organic polymers.

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The complete question is:

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits belonging to the same class of chemicals. which of the following is an exception to this statement?

a) DNA

b) cellulose

c) steroids

d) a contractile protein

The number of valence electrons of ammonia in a lewis structure is 8.

A lewis structure can be described as the simplified representation of the outer shell electrons in a molecule.

A valence electron refers to an electron that is in the outer shell associated with an atom.

Ammonia has a total of 1 nitrogen and 3 hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons while Hydrogen has a valence of 1. In an ammonia molecule, nitrogen completes its octet shell by sharing three electrons with the three hydrogen atoms. Therefore the number of valence electrons in ammonia will be;

ammonia = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8

Therefore, the number of valence electrons of ammonia is calculated to be 8.

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Answer:

8

Explanation:

The pH of the buffer solution that results from each mixture. 50.0 ml of 0.15 m hcho2 with 75.0 ml of 0.13 m is 3.9.

Buffer Solution is defined as a water solvent based solution which consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and the conjugate base of the weak acid or containing a weak base and the conjugate acid of the weak base. The buffer solution resist a change in pH upon dilution or upon the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali to them.

The volume of the formic acid solution is \(V_{A}\) is 50.0 ml.

The molar concentration of the formic acid solution \(C_{A}\) is 0.15 M.

The volume of the conjugate base  \(V_{S}\) is 75.0 ml.

The molar concentration of the conjugate base \(C_{S}\) is 0.13M.

The dissociation constant of formic acid is \(Ka = 1.8 * 10^{-4}\)

 pH = \(-log_{10}\) \(K_{a}\) + Log (  \(V_{S}\) \(C_{S}\) / \(V_{A}\) \(C_{A}\) )

Putting all the values in the expression of pH we get,

          =  \(-log_{10}\) \(K_{a}\) + Log ( 75.0 * 0.13 / 50.0*  0.15 )

          = 3.9 (approximately)

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

If the hydrogen gas is combusted and produces 645L of water vapor at 400 kelvin and 1.75 atm, 2796.96 g mass of the zinc is produced .

Using the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

n = (PV) / (RT)

= (1.75 atm * 645 L) / (0.0821 atm·L/(mol·K) * 400 K)

= 42.71 moles

the balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid:

Zn + 2HCl -> \(ZnCl_{2}\)  + \(H_{2}\)

1 mole of zinc produces 1 mole of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the moles of zinc are also 42.71.

The molar mass of zinc is 65.38 g/mol.

Mass of zinc = moles of zinc * molar mass of zinc

= 42.71 moles * 65.38 g/mol

= 2796.96 g

Therefore, the mass of the zinc is 2796.96 grams.

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Answer:

A substance may undergo phase change from a solid to a gas or from a gas to a solid if the temperature it is exposed to is changed very quickly. If the temperature around a solid is raised very quickly, it can sublimate, or phase change from a solid to a gas without existing as a liquid.

Explanation:

The decay of crystal violet is a first-order reaction, so it does not matter when data collection starts after mixing with sodium hydroxide.

In a first-order reaction, the rate of decay is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. The reaction rate is determined by the concentration of the crystal violet, and it decreases exponentially over time. Therefore, regardless of when data collection begins after mixing with sodium hydroxide, the rate of decay remains consistent as long as the concentration of crystal violet is within the measurable range.

This is because the reaction follows a mathematical relationship that allows for accurate determination of the reaction rate and half-life based on the concentration at any given time.

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The complete question-

based on  the decay of crystal violet, explain why it did not matter when you started collecting data after you mixed the crystal violet with the sodium hydroxide?

Answer:

I will assume that the moles are all mistyped and will change them to:

4.64, 25.9, and 2.73.

15.2 liters

Explanation:

Both situations can be described using the ideal gas law:  

PV=nRT,

where P, V, and T are the pressure, volume, and temperature (in degrees K).  n is the number of moles.  R is the gas constant.

First NO2 :      P1(25.9L) = (4.64moles)RT

Second NO2: P2V2 = (2.73moles)RT2

Divide one equation by the other:

(P1(25.9L)  =  (4.64)RT1)      

  P2V2 = (2.73)RT2          

The temperatures, pressures, and gas constants are unchanged, so we can cancel those to obtain:

(25.9L)/V2 = (4.64/2.73)

V2 = (25.9L)(2.73/4.64)

V2 = 15.2 Liters