Describe how the IRR is calculated, and describe the information this measure provides about a sequence of cash fl ows. What is the IRR criterion decision rule?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate that discounts a series of cashflows such that the Net Present Value becomes zero.

It is calculated in the same way the NPV is calculated which is to subtract the discounted cash outflows from the discounted cash inflows but this time it will be the subject of the equation which will be equated to zero.

Formula therefore is;

\(\frac{Cf_{1} }{(1 + IRR_{1} )} + \frac{Cf_{2}}{(1 + IRR_{2} )^{2} } + \frac{Cf_{n} }{(1 + IRR_{n} )^{n} } - Cf_{0} = 0\)

Excel worksheets, financial calculators and solving the equation can all be used to find IRR.

The higher the IRR, the better for a project because it means that the project has high cash inflows that would take a higher rate to discount to zero.

The decision rule is the pick a project that has a higher IRR than the firm's Required rate of return because it means that the NPV will be more than zero.


Related Questions

7) Using a fictional product or service, create a simple business plan by
answering the three questions business owners must consider.

The three questions a business owners must consider are;

1 What good will be produced?
2 How should it be produced?
3 For whom should it be produced?

What good will you produce, or what service will you provide?

Answers

Answer:

i will make legos

It will be produced in a production facility in denmark

will be produced for all genders ages 5+

Explanation:

Using a fictional product, my simple business plan would be based on these economic theories that is what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

What to produce – I will produce herbal hair shampoo.How to produce – I would use both labor intensive and machine incentive techniques equally for production.Whom to produce- The core niche would be the women aged between 15 to 60.

What is a business plan?

A business plan is a written strategy that outlines the objectives and strategies for accomplishing the objectives of the business. It describes a company's go-to-market strategy, financial forecasts, market analysis, corporate objectives, and mission statement. The business plan may also include a timeframe and information about key personnel who are in charge of reaching the objectives.

A business plan is a crucial document intended for both internal and external audiences of a company. For instance, before a business has built a solid track record, a business plan is utilized to entice investment. Securing financing from financial entities might also be beneficial.

A business plan serves three purposes: it explains the organization's strategy to execute it over the long term, obtains funding from investors, and aids in projecting future company demands.

What is an economic theory?

An economic theory is a body of concepts and precepts that describes how various economies operate. An economist may use theories in many ways depending on their specific function. For instance, some theories seek to explain certain economic phenomena, such inflation or supply and demand, as well as the reasons behind them.

Economic theories seek to analyze the causes and effects of economic occurrences, as well as the optimal course of action for influencing or resolving them. They are an extensive set of presumptions, theories, definitions, and guidelines on what should be done in various economic circumstances. Positive and normative approaches to economic theory are the two main categories.

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When FBLA-PBL was first founded in 1937, it was originally for ____.

A. just college students

B. high school and college students

C. just high school students

D. junior high school students

Answers

The answer is A (sorry if wrong)

Answer:is actually b

Explanation:

the oriole mills company has just disclosed the following financial information in its annual report sales of 1.47 million, cost of goods sold of $817,100, depreciation expenses of $179,600, and interest expenses of $ 94,000. Assume that the firm has an average tax rate of 29 percent. Compute the cash flows to investors from operating activity.

Answers

The cash flows to investors from operating activities for Oriole Mills Company is $543,973.

To compute the cash flows to investors from operating activities, we need to start with the net income and make adjustments for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital. The formula to calculate cash flows from operating activities is as follows:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities = Net Income + Depreciation Expenses + Non-Cash Interest Expenses - Increase in Current Assets + Increase in Current Liabilities + Decrease in Current Assets - Decrease in Current Liabilities

Given the financial information provided, we can calculate the cash flows to investors from operating activities as follows:

Net Income:

Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Depreciation Expenses - Interest Expenses - Taxes

Net Income = $1,470,000 - $817,100 - $179,600 - $94,000 - ($1,470,000 - $817,100 - $179,600 - $94,000) * 0.29

Net Income = $1,470,000 - $817,100 - $179,600 - $94,000 - ($379,300 * 0.29)

Net Income = $1,470,000 - $817,100 - $179,600 - $94,000 - $109,927

Net Income = $269,373

Depreciation Expenses = $179,600

Non-Cash Interest Expenses = $94,000

Changes in Working Capital:

Increase in Current Assets = 0 (no information provided)

Increase in Current Liabilities = 0 (no information provided)

Decrease in Current Assets = 0 (no information provided)

Decrease in Current Liabilities = 0 (no information provided)

Finally, we can calculate the cash flows to investors from operating activities:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities = $269,373 + $179,600 + $94,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0

Cash Flows from Operating Activities = $543,973

Therefore, the cash flows to investors from operating activities for the Oriole Mills Company is $543,973.

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Keisha took the report her colleague had written, changed the author's name to her own, and presented it to the company's chief executive. Keisha's human resources director found out what she did and told Keisha she wanted to talk to her about an ethical violation she committed. What is the director most likely going to say to Keisha?
Question 1 options:

You shared a trade secret without permission.


You plagiarized someone else's work.


You used website analytics illegally.


You posted inappropriate comments.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Plagiarism is when someone lies about doing or making something they did not do. They take something from someone else and claim it is their own.

land is a factor of production that provides a place to do business. Which of the following could be an example of land
a.)machine b.) employee c.) website

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Yw!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

All of the following nondependent taxpayers are U.S. citizens. Which is/are required to file a 2022 income tax return

Answers

If all of the following nondependent taxpayers are U.S. citizens. The people that is/are required to file a 2022 income tax return is: D. Lloyd (68) and Melanie (66), married filing jointly (MFJ), $28,200 gross income.

What is income tax return?

Income tax return can be defined as a  form that enables a tax payer to file all data or information  that has to do with their income and tax to the appropriate department which is the income tax department.

One of the advantage of tax return is that it enables tax payer to know their tax liability  among others.

Based on the information given the people that is  required to file a 2022 income tax return will be Lloyd (68) and Melanie (66) whom  are  married filing jointly (MFJ) and has $28,200 as  gross income.

Therefore the correct option is D.

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The complete question is:

All of the following nondependent taxpayers are U.S. citizens. Who...

All of the following nondependent taxpayers are U.S. citizens. Who is required to file a 2022 income tax return?

Martika (50), single (S), $12,050 gross income.

Loki (67), head of household (HH), $19,750 gross income.

Nick (43) and Mary (49), married filing jointly (MFJ), $24,450 gross income.

Lloyd (68) and Melanie (66), married filing jointly (MFJ), $28,200 gross income.

Leading is more important for the highest-level manager than planning

Answers

Top-level Management

Core Characteristics

High level managers tend to have a substantial amount of experience, ideally across a wide variety of functions. Many high-level managers become part of an executive team by mastering their functional disciplines across various roles, becoming the Chief Operations Officer (COO), Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), Chief Technology Officer (CIO or CTO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

Top management teams are also often industry experts, having a close association with the long term trajectory of the businesses they operate in. They often benefit from being charismatic, powerful communicators with a strong sense of accountability, confidence, integrity, and a comfort with risk.

Responsibilities

The primary role of the executive team, or the top-level managers, is to look at the organization as a whole and derive broad strategic plans. Company policies, substantial financial investments, strategic alliances, discussions with the board, stakeholder management, and other top-level managerial tasks are often high-risk high return decision-making initiatives in nature. Top-level management roles are therefore often high stress and high influence roles within the organization.

The shoe company TOMS gives a pair of shoes to a needy child for every pair that it sells. This is an example of a company which has integrated ________ into its business model. correction marketing environmental marketing corporate social responsibility ethical marketing requirements

Answers

Ethical marketing would be your answer.

The following accounts appear in the ledger of Oriole Company after the books are closed at December 31, 2020.

Common Stock, no par, $2 stated value, 393,000 shares authorized; 284,000 shares issued $ 568,000
Common Stock Dividends Distributable 25,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value—Common Stock 1,110,000
Preferred Stock, $5 par value, 8%, 38,000 shares authorized; 28,700 shares issued 143,500
Retained Earnings 758,000
Treasury Stock (13,800 common shares) 96,600
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock 343,000
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 34,500

Prepare the stockholders’ equity section at December 31, 2020, assuming retained earnings is restricted for plant expansion in the amount of $112,000. For capital stock first enter the preferred stock details.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The preparation of the stockholders’ equity section at December 31, 2020 is presented below:

                                              Oriole Company

                                 Stockholders’ equity section

                                           December 31, 2020

Particulars                                                                         Amount

Stockholder equity:

Paid in capital:

Capital Stock  

Preferred stock                                                                $143,500

Common Stock dividend                    $568,000

Common Stock Dividends Distributable $25,000        $593,000

Total capital stock                                                            $736,500

Additional paid in capital

Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par - Preferred Stock          $343,000

Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value - Common Stock $1,110,000

Total paid in capital                                                               $2,189,500

Add: Retained earnings                                                         $758,000

Total paid in capital and retained earnings                          $2,947,500

Less: Treasury stock                                                               -$96,600

Less: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss                    -$34,500

Total Stockholder equity                                                          $2,816,400

We deduct the treasury stock and the accumulated other comprehensive loss and rest items are added so that the total stockholder equity could arrive

Answer:

15.02

Explanation:

because of the section

11. (-/1 Points] DETAILS BRECMBC9 5.11.010.
MY NOTES
Set up and solve an equation for the following business situation.
Pitt's Pit Stop sold $16,003.50 worth of gasoline yesterday. Regular sold for $3.30 a gallon and premium sold for $3.45 a gallon. If the station sold 370 more gallons of regular than premium, answer the
following questions.
(a) How many gallons of each type of gasoline were sold?
regular
gal
premium
gal
(b) If the profit on regular gas is $0.15 per gallon and on premium is $0.18 per gallon, what was the station's total profit (in dollars)?
$

Answers

Answer:

2190 ; 2560 ;

$778.2

Explanation:

Total worth of gasoline sold = 16003.50

Cost of regular = 3.30

Cost of premium = 3.45

Let :

premium Gallon sold = x

Regular gallon sold = 370 + x

Hence, mathematically;

(3.45*x) + (3.30 * (x + 370)) = 16003.50

3.45x + 3.30x + 1221 = 16003.50

6.75x = 16003.50 - 1221

6.75x = 14782.5

x = 14782.5 / 6.75

x = 2190

Premium Gallon sold = 2190 gallons

Regular gallon sold = 2190 + 370 = 2560 gallons

Profit per regular gallon sold = $0.15

Progit per premium Gallon sold = $0.18

Total profit = (2190 * 0.18) + (2560 * 0.15) = $778.2

On the lines below, write an introductory paragraph about your topic of choice. Include a thesis statement, an introduction to at least three main points or arguments, a summary statement, and a transition statement. Make sure your work is well polished, neatly written, and free of grammar and spelling errors. If possible, create a rough draft first, edit your work, and then transfer the final introduction below.

Answers

Exercise business has several advantages for both physical and mental health, making it an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. Frequent physical activity can lower the chance of developing chronic diseases,

What makes exercise beneficial for business?

According to several studies, working out while at work may also improve output. Visiting the gym throughout work hours increased productivity, time management, and job satisfaction, according to a Leeds City University research.

How lucrative is a little gym?

A profitable gym can be one that attracts a diverse group of members and runs smoothly. A gym having 1,000 members who each pay $50 a month, for instance, could make $50,000 a month in revenue. The gym would make $30,000 per month if its monthly expenses were $20,000 and its monthly profit was $30,000.

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Who will be the first Trillonare in this world ?

Answers

The person who is expected to become the first Trillionaire is Jeff Bezos, founder, and CEO of Amazon.

According to a study conducted by Comparison, Jeff Bezos could become the world’s first Trillionaire by the year 2026. This prediction was made on the basis of the average percentage of growth of Bezos’ net worth over the last five years. The study also highlighted that Bezos’ wealth has grown by an average of 34% over the last five years. At this rate of growth, his net worth could reach $1 trillion by the year 2026.

However, the current COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the economy, and Bezos’ net worth has already decreased by over $20 billion since the start of the pandemic. Despite this, it is still possible that Bezos may become the world’s first Trillionaire in the future, but there are also other contenders who could reach this milestone, such as Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX. However, as of now, there is no confirmed Trillionaire in the world.

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NEED HELP ASAP
Cardinal Company is considering a five-year project that would require a $2,915,000 investment in equipment with a useful life of five years and no salvage value. The company’s discount rate is 16%. The project would provide net operating income in each of five years as follows:




Sales $ 2,863,000

Variable expenses 1,014,000

Contribution margin 1,849,000

Fixed expenses:

Advertising, salaries, and other fixed out-of-pocket costs $ 781,000

Depreciation 583,000

Total fixed expenses 1,364,000

Net operating income $ 485,000

14. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the project’s actual payback period? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Answers

If the discount rate increases, then net present value will decrease.

So, you would expect the project's net present value to be lower.

How to solve

Initial Investment = $2,915,000

Useful Life = 5 years

Annual Net Cash flows = Annual Net Operating Income + Depreciation

Annual Net Cash flows = $485,000 + $583,000

Annual Net Cash flows = $1,068,000

Answer 8.

Simple Rate of Return = Annual Net Income / Initial Investment

Simple Rate of Return = $485,000 / $2,915,000

Simple Rate of Return = 16.64%

Answer 5.

Present Value of Cash Inflows = $1,068,000 * PVA of $1 (16%, 5)

Present Value of Cash Inflows = $1,068,000 * 3.27429

Present Value of Cash Inflows = $3,496,941.72

Profitability Index = Present Value of Cash Inflows / Initial Investment

Profitability Index = $3,496,941.72 / $2,915,000

Profitability Index = 1.20

Answer 7.

Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Net Cash flows

Payback Period = $2,915,000 / $1,068,000

Payback Period = 2.73 years

Answer 9.

If the discount rate increases, then net present value will decrease.

So, you would expect the project's net present value to be lower.

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As more fax machines are produced, the opportunity cost of producing them

Answers

What are you trying to ask I don’t see an image here?

differences between a small office and a big office​

Answers

Answer:

one is bigger and the other one is smaller

The heat from warm river waters draining into the Arctic Ocean is contributing to the melting of Arctic sea ice each summer, a new NASA study finds. the summer of 2012. They observed a sudden influx of warm river waters into the sea that rapidly warmed the surface layers of the ocean, enhancing the melting of sea ice. A paper describing the study is now published online in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

—"Warm Rivers Play Role in Arctic Sea Ice Melt,"
NASA
Which details should be included in a summary about the passage?

A research team led by Son Nghiem of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., used satellite data to measure the surface temperature of the waters discharging from a Canadian river into the icy Beaufort Sea during
Check all that apply. Warm water is melting the Arctic Sea ice. The research team is led by Son Nghiem. The sudden flow of warm waters into the sea are rapidly warming the ocean's surface. A paper describing the study can be found online. The journal is called Geophysical Research Letters.

Answers

Answer:

a and c

Explanation:

Indicate whether each of the following activities would be reported on the statement of cash flows as (a) an operating activity, (b) an investing activity, or (c) a financing activity:
1. Cash received by issuing common stock.
2. Cash received for fees earned from customers.
3. Cash paid for land and building.
4. Cash paid for dividends.

Answers

The classification of the above will be as follows:

1. Cash received by issuing common stock - Financing activity.2. Cash received for fees earned from customers. - Operating activity. 3. Cash paid for land and building. - Investing activity. 4. Cash paid for dividends. - Financing activity.

Sections in the Statement of Cash Flows

Financing activities relate to raising capital for the business. They will therefore include equity and dividends.

Operating activities relate to those that have to do with the business's daily business activities. Fees from customers are revenue and so will go here.

Investing activities relate to fixed assets and securities issued by other companies.

In conclusion, the cash statement allows for cash transactions to be classified in several ways.

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Which example represents a reward?

A: long break times
B: an achiever's name on the "Employee of the Month" board
C: banquet
D: bonus

Answers

Answer:

To me, it would be all of them, D. Bonus?

Explanation:

Match each issue with the best solution


1 An administrator needs to gather information
on patient referrals to determine the source
of each referral and which types of agencies
refer the greatest number of patients.
2 A primary care provider notices an increase
in fracture injuries among patients in the
10-to 13-year-old age range and wonders
if there might be a connection among the
injury type, the age range, and patients'
leisure activities.
3 A nurse values patient-centered care and
wants to encourage her patients to take
an active role in developing their treatment plans.

A. Shared decision making
B. Analytical thinking
C. Abstract thinking

Answers

An administrator had a decision making attitude, a primary care provider have analytical thinking and the nurse have abstract thinking.

What is analytical and abstract thinking?In the very first question the administrator have decision making personality as the administrator is gathering information on patient referrals.Decision making is the quality of human personality which depict one's attitude towards making quick decisions.In the second question the primary care provider had analytical thinking towards the patients.Analytical thinking means the thinking of logical concepts and based on one's intelligence.In the third and the last question the nurse had abstract thinking.Abstract thinking means the caring nature towards the patient.

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A large national company has seen its stock value decrease during the past
month. Which of the following might be a reasonable explanation for the
cause of this?A the company new product line is a top seller B the company sales forecast is extremely positive C they are under criminal investigation and facing potential charges D the company is experiencing tremendous growth

Answers

Answer: is C They are under criminal investigation and facing potential charges

Explanation:

Determine if each of the following plans are short term, long term, or operational
1) Get a job in the industry I am targeting at a company I admire
A) Short Term
B) Long Term
C) Operational

2) Get an A in Introduction to Management class so that I can learn about the discipline and strengthen my GPA
A) Short Term
B) Long Term
C) Operational

Answers

The correct options of the given cases are:

(1). Long term plan.

(2). Short term plan.

What is the long, short and operational term plan?

Long term plan:

Long-term planning shows how an individual's business can be productive over a continuing period, long term period may be more than 1 or 2 years.

Short term plan:

Short term planning defines the today's performance and creates an action plan for improving the performances daily.

Operational plan:

An operational plan is defined as the strategic document that describes every the preparation associated to day-to-day operations and procedures necessitated for beating a flourishing business.

The first case, if a person getting a job in a company in which he is targeting, is the long term plan as he is thinking about the long term plan to work.

In the second case, If a person gets an Introduction to Management class so that I can learn about the discipline and strengthen my GPA is the short term planning as he makes the decisions daily.

Therefore, the correct option in case 1 and 2 are (B) and (A).

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EE printing is in the evaluation process for the acquisition of a new computer system. The total depreciable base (cost plus installation) is $180,000.

The new equipment will increase Earnings before depreciation and taxes by $60,000 during years 1 to 3 and $32,000 during years 4 to 6.

EE marginal tax rate is 40% and Cost of Capital is 11%

Calculate the Payback Period

PRESENT YOUR ANSWER ROUNDED TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES

Answers

Answer:

5 {4m f

Explanation:

it exal that

what is the differences between leadership and management. Feel free to provide examples if you have them. A post between one to three paragraphs is sufficient for this topic.

Answers

Answer:

Leadership and management are two distinct but closely related concepts. Leadership is the ability to inspire and guide others towards a common goal or vision. It is about setting direction, motivating and empowering others to achieve their full potential. A leader is someone who is able to inspire and influence others to take action, and is often seen as a role model. Examples of leaders include Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, and Steve Jobs.

Management, on the other hand, is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. It is about ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. A manager is someone who is responsible for ensuring that the work is done, and that the team is working together. Examples of managers include CEOs, department heads, and team leaders.

In summary, leadership is about setting direction and inspiring others, while management is about ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. Both are necessary for an organization to be successful, but they are different roles. A leader may not be a manager and vice versa, but they often go together.

What is three ways eBay helps support small businesses? Full sentences please :)​

Answers

Answer:

1. Gets you customers fast

2. There is a 95% chance you will make a profit

3. eBay is a big platform with multiple users

What might you do if you are unable to get a credit card? (Select the best answer.)
Pay less attention to your bank balance
Apply for a department store card
Stop accepting government assistance
Make as many cash purchases as possible

Answers

Answer:

Apply for a department store card

Explanation:

Departmental retail stores and a card issuer co-issued issue departmental store cards. The store card may work in the issuing department store only or other related retailers as well. They work like regular credit cards only that they are acceptable in limited places and may have a lower credit limit.

Departmental store cards may be issued to persons with a lower credit score. This makes them ideal for a person who need to build on or improve his credit score. They also provide great savings on huge one-time purchases.

Answer:

correct answer is B

Explanation:

Hayden Company is considering the acquisition of a machine that costs $406,000. The machine is expected to have a useful life of six years, a negligible residual value, an annual net cash flow of $96,000, and annual operating income of $81,600. What is the estimated cash payback period for the machine (round to one decimal points)? a.6.2 years b.5.0 years c.4.2 years d.1.2 years

Answers

Answer:

c.4.2 years

Explanation:

The computation of the estimated cash payback period is given below:

As we know that

the estimated cash payback period is

= initial investment ÷ net cash flow per period

= $406,000 ÷ $96,000

= 4.2 years

Hence, the estimated cash payback period is 4.2 year

Therefore the option c is correct

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The ICD-10-CM Index and Tabular List contains:
a. anatomic sites with four cellular classifications: malignant, benign, uncertain behavior, and unspecified nature
b. secondary codes that capture the cause, intent, place, activity, and status surrounding an injury or illness
c. specific illnesses, injuries, eponyms, abbreviations, and other descriptive diagnostic terms
d. a chronological list of codes compiled in 21 chapters based on body system or condition

Answers

A chronological list of codes compiled in 21 chapters based on body system or condition.

Option D is correct

The index of ICD-10 CM contains alphabetical list of terms and corresponding values.

What type of information is required on a 1040EZ form? (Select the best answer.)

A. Your gross and net income for the previous year

B. A financial projection for the next year

C. Your bank statements from the previous year

D. A list of each purchase made in the previous year

Answers

Answer:

A. your gross and net income for the previous year.

Explanation:

took the test.

which one of the following is not an international governing body of a game /sports.
a)IAAF
b)VFI
c)FIH
d)FINA​

Answers

VF I(Visual Field Index )  is​ not an international governing body of a game /sports.

What is a regular visual field index?

The VFI can vary from 100% (normal visual field) to 0% (perimetrically blind field). The VFI is less sensitive than the MD to the effects of cataract or diffuse media opacities. VFI is intended for use in estimating rates of progression and staging glaucomatous functional injury.

What is an uncommon visual field test?

A test that delivers visual field loss means that vision in some areas is not as sharp as normal. It could be just a small vision lost in a small area, or all vision lost in large spaces. The amount of vision lost and the areas involved are measured by the visual field test.

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Alpha and Gamma are friends since their childhood. They have got whole of their education in every
school jointly. Recently, both of them have graduated from a local business school getting degrees in
business management. After this graduation, they decided to start a business of online car rental. For that
purpose, they got developed a mobile application named Carg that can be run on all Android and Apple
smart phones. Further, they shared their business plan with a professional promotor to setup a new
business entity. With all the necessary documentation, the new entity has been successfully registered on
5
th of January 2023 with the SECP as a limited liability company in the name of Alpha Limited. It was
registered with the capital of Rs. 500,000 divided into 25,000 ordinary shares of Rs. 20 each. On 20th of
January, the new company offered 15,000 shares at par to the general public. On 23rd of January, the
company’s bank informed it that application money on 14,500 shares has been received from the general
public in the company’s bank account. Alpha’s management allotted shares to all the applicants on 31st of
January, 2023.
You are required to identify the kinds of share capital presented in this case describing briefly the each kind

Answers

The types of share capital presented in this case are authorized share capital, issued share capital, subscribed share capital, called-up share capital, and paid-up share capital.

The case presented involves different types of share capital. The first type of share capital is authorized share capital, which refers to the maximum amount of capital that the company is allowed to raise through the issuance of shares. In this case, Alpha Limited has an authorized share capital of Rs. 500,000, which is divided into 25,000 ordinary shares of Rs. 20 each.

The second type of share capital is issued share capital, which refers to the amount of share capital that has been issued by the company. In this case, Alpha Limited has issued 15,000 ordinary shares to the general public at par value. The total amount of money received by the company for these shares is Rs. 300,000 (15,000 shares x Rs. 20 par value).

The third type of share capital is subscribed share capital, which refers to the amount of share capital that has been subscribed for by the shareholders. In this case, the general public has subscribed for 14,500 shares, which means that they have agreed to purchase these shares at par value.

The fourth type of share capital is called called-up share capital, which refers to the amount of share capital that the company has requested the shareholders to pay. In this case, Alpha Limited has requested the general public to pay the par value of the shares they have subscribed for, which amounts to Rs. 290,000 (14,500 shares x Rs. 20 par value).

The fifth type of share capital is paid-up share capital, which refers to the amount of share capital that has been actually paid by the shareholders. In this case, it is not specified whether the general public has paid the full amount of the shares they have subscribed for, but it is assumed that they have paid the par value of the shares since Alpha's management has allotted shares to all the applicants.
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