Describe convection. how does this work to create plate boundaries?
Answers
Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid, such as a gas or a liquid. When a fluid is heated, it expands and becomes less dense, causing it to rise. As it rises, it cools and becomes denser, causing it to sink back down. This creates a continuous circulation pattern known as a convection current.
In the Earth's mantle, convection currents are thought to be a key driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates. The heat generated by the Earth's core causes convection currents to circulate in the mantle, which in turn drives the movement of the overlying tectonic plates. As hot magma rises to the surface, it creates areas of new crust (divergent plate boundaries), and as the magma cools and sinks back down, it can create areas where one plate is forced under another (convergent plate boundaries).
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Related Questions
(1. balancing chemical equations) why do we go through all this trouble to learn an algebraic method to balance chemical equations, instead of using the easy and simple trial-and-error method? group of answer choices it is general enough to balance any chemical equations, regardless of the complexity. this is programmable so that we can ask computer to help. we can analyze whether a reaction can actually be balanced. guess we just need to do some math anyway dr. chan just wants to make things more complicated so that he will be very happy when he sees us not knowing how to solve problems.
Answers
The reason we learn an algebraic method to balance chemical equations instead of using a trial-and-error method is because the algebraic method is more efficient and reliable.
Using trial and error can be time-consuming and may not always lead to the correct solution. Balancing chemical equations requires ensuring that the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is equal. This can become complex when dealing with more complicated equations.
The algebraic method, on the other hand, provides a systematic approach that can be applied to any chemical equation, regardless of its complexity. By applying mathematical principles and using variables, we can determine the correct coefficients to balance the equation. This method is programmable, which means we can use computer algorithms to solve equations more quickly and accurately.
Additionally, the algebraic method allows us to analyze whether a reaction can actually be balanced. It helps us understand the stoichiometry of the reaction and determine the correct ratios of reactants and products.
Contrary to the belief that it is only meant to complicate things, learning this method is essential for a deeper understanding of chemistry and problem-solving skills. It enables us to apply logical thinking and mathematical concepts to chemical reactions, which is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
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.What is the difference between solutions that are "nonelectrolytes," "weak electrolytes," and"strong electrolytes?" Explain your reasoning.
Which one of the following aqueous solutions would you expect to have the smallestconductance: (a) 0.060 M NaCl, (b) 0.030 M NaCl, or (c) 0.015 M NaCl? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electricity. Weak electrolytes partially dissociate into ions and have limited conductivity. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions and have high conductivity. Among the given options, option (c) with 0.015 M NaCl is expected to have the smallest conductance due to its lower concentration of ions.
The terms "nonelectrolytes," "weak electrolytes," and "strong electrolytes" refer to the ability of a substance to conduct electricity when dissolved in water (or any other suitable solvent).
1. Nonelectrolytes:
Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. They exist as molecules in their solid or liquid form and do not dissociate into ions when dissolved. Examples of nonelectrolytes include sugar (sucrose), alcohol (ethanol), and most organic compounds. Since they do not produce ions, they cannot carry an electric current.
2. Weak electrolytes:
Weak electrolytes are substances that partially dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. They conduct electricity to a limited extent. In a solution of a weak electrolyte, only a small fraction of the molecules dissociate into ions, while the majority remain in molecular form. Weak acids and weak bases are common examples of weak electrolytes. An example is acetic acid (CH₃COOH), which partially dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻) in water.
3. Strong electrolytes:
Strong electrolytes are substances that completely dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. They are excellent conductors of electricity. In a solution of a strong electrolyte, all or nearly all of the solute molecules break apart into ions. Strong acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl) and soluble ionic compounds (e.g., NaCl, KNO₃) are examples of strong electrolytes.
Now, considering the given options:
(a) 0.060 M NaCl
(b) 0.030 M NaCl
(c) 0.015 M NaCl
NaCl is an ionic compound, and when dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions, making it a strong electrolyte. The conductivity of an electrolyte solution is directly proportional to the concentration of ions present. Therefore, the solution with the highest concentration of ions will have the highest conductance.
Among the given options, option (a) with a higher concentration of NaCl (0.060 M) is expected to have the highest conductance. Option (b) has a lower concentration (0.030 M), and option (c) has the lowest concentration (0.015 M). Hence, option (c) with the lowest concentration of NaCl is expected to have the smallest conductance.
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suppose that you add 25.6 g of an unknown molecular compound to 0.250 kg of benzene, which has a k f of 5.12 oc/m. with the added solute, you find that there is a freezing point depression of 3.54 oc compared to pure benzene. what is the molar mass (in g/mol) of the unknown compound?
Answers
If we add 25.6 g of an unknown molecular compound to the 0.250 kg of benzene, the molar mass of the unknown compound is 148.8 g/mol.
The Molality of the compound is given as :
ΔT = i Kf m
Where,
ΔT = freezing point depression = 3.54 °C
i = Van't Hoff factor of the Benzene = 1
Kf = constant of the freezing = 5.12 °C/m
m = molality = ?
m = ΔT / i Kf
m = 3.54 / 1 × 5.12
m = 0.69 mol
molality = moles / mass of benzene
moles = 0.172
The molar mass = mass / moles
The molar mass = 25.6 / 0.172
The molar mass = 148.8 g/mol
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what are the relationships among bond order, bond length, and bond energy?
Answers
Explanation:
When a bond is strong, there is a higher bond energy because it takes more energy to break a strong bond. This correlates with bond order and bond length. When the bond order is higher, bond length is shorter, and the shorter the bond length the greater the bond energy.
Choose an example of a reaction to which Markovnikov's rule applies.
O CH₂=CH-CH2-CH3 + HBr CH₂ Br=CH2-CH2-CH3
O CH,=CH-CH, CH3 + HBr → CHg =CHBr–CH2–CH3
O CH,=CH-CH,—CH, + HBr → CH,Br–CHBr–CH2–CH, + HBr CH₂Br-CH2-CH2-CH3
O CH₂=CH-CH2-CH3 O CH,=CH-CH2–CH3 + HBr → CH3–CHBr–CH2–CH3
Answers
The example of a reaction to which Markovnikov's rule applies is: CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH₃ + HBr → CH₂Br-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
In this reaction, the hydrogen atom from HBr adds to the carbon atom with the fewer alkyl substituents (less substituted carbon), while the bromine atom adds to the carbon atom with more alkyl substituents (more substituted carbon). This follows Markovnikov's rule, which states that in the addition of a protic acid (such as HBr) to an asymmetrically substituted alkene, the hydrogen atom adds to the less substituted carbon and the other atom adds to the more substituted carbon.
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The two images show side views of ocean waves. How are the two sets of waves different?
Answers
Answer:
they both move at a different force... believe I'm right
Explanation:
Answer:
The moon
Explanation:
Force? I think
need helped for this
Answers
17.0g PH3 x 1 mol PH3 / 34.0 g = 0.5 mol PH3
HELPPP!!!!!!!!!!!! ty
Answers
Answer:
increases
Explanation:
it turns out that an object increases as the square of it's speed.
Answer:
Explanation:
In all physical processes taking place in closed systems, the amount of change in kinetic energy is equal to the amount of change in potential energy. If the kinetic energy increases, the potential energy decreases, and vice-versa. this equation reveals that the kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to the square of its speed. That means that for a twofold increase in speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four. so therfore stays the same as the object so it would speed up as well.
Which of the following would electrolysis NOT be used for?
A. Producing electricity
B. Extracting reactive metals
C. Plating metals onto other metals
D. Producing hydrogen gas
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Please mark me as brainlyest
Producing hydrogen gas. Hence, option D is correct.
What is electrolysis?Electrolysis is described by two half-reactions. These half reaction are the oxidation half-reaction and reduction half-reaction.
Electrolysis involves the transfer of electrons. Each half reaction is characterized by the loss or gain of electrons.
The only reason why producing hydrogen gas is not used most of the time is because electrolysis has very low efficiency, most of the energy finishes up being converted to heat and 95% of the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming.
Hence, option D is correct.
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How is the pH of an acidic substance raised?
1) Dilute it.
2) freeze it.
3) Stir it.
4) Concentrate it.
Answers
Answer: 4) Concentrate it
Explanation:
Write down as many correct, distinct, and relevant facts you can about the following prompt: 100 mL of 1.0 M solution H2SO4 is added to 7.0 grams of NaOH in the reaction below: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) --> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O (l)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
From the equation:
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) --> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O (l)
1 mole of the acid (H2SO4) and 2 moles of the base (NaOH) are required for complete neutralization.
mole of acid (H2SO4) present = molarity x volume
= 1 x 0.1 = 0.1 mole
Mole of base (NaOH) present = mass/molar mass
= 7/40 = 0.175 mole
The ratio of acid and base should be 1:2, hence the acid is slightly excessive in this case and the base is the limiting reagent that will determine the extent of the reaction.
Amount of excess acid = 0.1 - 0.175/2
= 0.0125 mole
volume of excess acid = mole/molarity
= 0.0125 x 1 = 0.0125 L
= 12.5 mL
Hence, the acid (H2SO4) was in excess by 12.5 mL.
Why can’t the calvin cycle run if the light reactions don’t occur?.
Answers
Answer:
there are tuning but we dont see them
UNIT 3 LAB
The Art Forger Who Tricked the Nazis Video
1. Where did the trial take place? What was the defendant accused of?
2. What was strange about his defense?
3. How did Han van Meegeren manage to forge the works of art so well? What did
he do to make them look authentic?
4. How could forensic testing have changed this case?
5. What ultimately happened to van Meegeren?
I
Answers
The Fake Artist Who Conned the Nazis It was conducted in Dutch. The accused was charged with faking works of art. He confessed to the crime. Han van Meegeren analysed the works of the old masters.
What is Money to Run, But No Skills to Hide about?Schrenker made a false call before crashing his aircraft. He mails his pal. Due to more advanced security measures, it is now more difficult to construct a phony ID. It is difficult to master because of all the security measures. According to Mr. Abagnale, all that is necessary to obtain a birth certificate is a courthouse copy of the child's death record.
Who is the fake artist who deceived the Nazis?But he wasn't contesting his guilt; in fact, establishing his guilt would save his life. Investigating the legendary Han van Meegeren is Noah Charney.
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Question:
20 points!!!!!!!!UNIT 3 LAB The Art Forger Who Tricked the Nazis Where did the trial take place? What was the defendant accused of? What was strange about his defense? How did Han van Meegeren manage to forge the works of art so well? What did he do to make them look authentic? How could forensic testing have changed this case? What ultimately happened to van Meegeren? Money to Run, But No Skills to Hide How did Schrenker try to fake his own death? How did he get caught? Why is creating a new state ID harder to do these days? Why is it so difficult to fake a passport? What is the easiest way for criminals to obtain a passport? Why does Mr. Abagnale claim it is easy to get a fraudulent passport? What steps does someone have to take to make this happen? Why was Mr. Abagnale arrested? What happened to him after his arrest?
Calculate the formal charges on each of the nitrogen atoms in the N3- ion shown. The overall charge of the ion has been omitted in the structure.
Answers
The formal charges on each of the nitrogen atoms in the N3- ion shown are:
- Middle nitrogen atom: 0
- End nitrogen atoms: -1 (x²)
To calculate the formal charges on each of the nitrogen atoms in the N3- ion shown, we need to first determine the valence electrons of nitrogen. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, so in the N3- ion, there are a total of 15 valence electrons (5 valence electrons per nitrogen atom).
To calculate the formal charge, we need to subtract the number of non-bonded electrons (lone pairs) and half of the bonded electrons from the valence electrons of each nitrogen atom.
For the middle nitrogen atom, it has four non-bonded electrons and two bonded electrons, giving it a formal charge of 0.
For the two end nitrogen atoms, they each have two non-bonded electrons and four bonded electrons, giving them a formal charge of -1.
Overall, the N3- ion has a charge of -3, which is the sum of the formal charges on each nitrogen atom.
In summary, the formal charges on each of the nitrogen atoms in the N3- ion shown are:
- Middle nitrogen atom: 0
- End nitrogen atoms: -1 (x²)
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tests show that the hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of apple juice is 0.0003 and that of ammonia is . find the ph of each liquid using the formula , where is the hydronium ion concentration.
Answers
The pH of the apple juice is approximately 3.52.
The pH of ammonia is approximately 11.13.
The pH of the apple juice can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H₃O⁺], where [H₃O⁺] is the hydronium ion concentration. Given that the hydrogen ion concentration of the apple juice is 0.0003, the hydronium ion concentration can be calculated as follows:
[H₃O⁺] = 10^(-pH)
0.0003 = 10^(-pH)
-pH = ㏒(0.0003)
pH = -㏒(0.0003)
pH = 3.52
As a result, the pH of apple juice is roughly 3.52.
Similarly, the pH of ammonia can be calculated using the same formula. However, we are given the hydrogen ion concentration for ammonia, so we need to calculate the hydronium ion concentration first. Ammonia is a base, so it reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻):
NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is the base dissociation constant, Kb. For ammonia, Kb = 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ at 25°C. Using this value, we can calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions as follows:
Kb = [NH4⁺][OH⁻]/[NH₃3
1.8 x 10⁻⁵ = x²/0.05
x = 1.34 x 10⁻³
Therefore, the concentration of hydroxide ions is 1.34 x 10⁻³ M. Using the formula for pH, we can now calculate the pH of ammonia:
pOH = -㏒[OH⁻] = -㏒(1.34 x 10⁻³) = 2.87
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.87 = 11.13
As a result, the pH of ammonia is about 11.13.
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Batteries allow us to store energy for when it’s needed, such as starting a car engine or jump-starting another car whose battery has lost its charge. But batteries cannot operate without chemical reactions. What kind of energy do you think is stored in the substances within the battery?
Answers
Answer:
Chemical energy
Explanation:
I hope this helped you!
Batteries store the energy in the form of chemical energy that chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Chemical energy is used to stored in the substances within battery.
What is electrochemical energy ?The conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa is called as electrochemical energy . This includes reactions transferring electrons, redox reactions .
Redox reaction in which reduction and oxidation takes place simultaneously. Reduction, when a substance receives one electron. Oxidation when a substance gives away one electron.
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another, through an external circuit.
Thus, chemical energy is used to store in the substance within battery.
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are the smallest units of life. A. Bugs B. Eggs C. Bones D. Cells
Help mee please!!
Answers
hope that helps!
Summarize at least three steps needed to carry out Galileo's famous experiment to determine whether heavier objects
fall faster than lighter objects. Include the question and hypothesis.
P.S I just need a little guidance!
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
According to legend, Galileo dropped weights off of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, showing that gravity causes objects of different masses to fall with the same acceleration. In recent years, researchers have taken to replicating this test in a way that the Italian scientist probably never envisioned — by dropping atoms. One of Galileo's contributions to the founding of modern science was his study of falling objects. He turned, then, to measuring the acceleration of objects rolling down smooth ramps. The ramp "diluted" the acceleration to a value small enough to allow accurate measurements of the longer time intervals.
What is the organism with modified genome called
Answers
Answer:(GMO)
Explanation: genetically modified organism (GMO)
true or false energy is released from ATP when it reacts with water to pro duce ADP
true or false the information that cells need to direct their metabolic process is stored in RNA
btw it biology
Answers
Answer:
False for the first, true for second.
Explanation:
ATP is cellular energy and it needs to be recharged after it is used. That half dead is called adp.
The statement energy is released from ATP when it reacts with water to produce ADP is False, while the statement the information that cells need to direct their metabolic process is stored in RNA is True.
What is ATP?ATP is the energy source of cells generated by cellular respiration and anaerobic processes, while RNA is a molecule obtain by the transcription process which is used to generate proteins during metabolic activities such as differentiation.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that ATP is the energy coin of cells, while cells generate RNA during transcription.
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how many valence electrons are there in an argon atom?
Answers
Answer:
There are 8 valence electrons in an argon atom.
giving brainly if correct
Answers
Answer:
A. Volume
Explanation:
The two cans of cola have the same volume, which is 12 fluid ounce.
Mass and density would be is not included with the information from the picture.
Hope this helps you! :)
(pls mark brainiest)
Please help I will give brainliest ;3
Answers
Answer:
oxygen, carbondioxide
carbondioxide, oxygen
What does science mean to you?
Answers
Answer:
The study of properties for all things living and non-living
Calculate the area of an applied force of 300 N and a pressure of 35 Pa? (the answer needs to be accurate with 2 decimal places!)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: 1Pa 1 N/m^2. p = F/A and A = F/p = 300N /35 Pa = 8.57 m^2
Citric acid. C_6H_8O_7, is a triprotic acid found in a variety of fruits (e.g., lemons and limes). It, like acids in general and the unknowns in this lab, has a quite sour taste. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation describing the neutralization of citric acid with NaOH. (b) What volume of 0.3244 M NaOH is needed to completely neutralize 0.266 g of citric acid?
Answers
a) The balanced chemical equation describing the neutralization of citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) with NaOH is:
3NaOH + C₆H₈O₇ → Na₃C₆H₅O₇ + 3H₂O
b) To calculate the volume of 0.3244 M NaOH needed to neutralize 0.266 g of citric acid, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.
Determine the molar mass of citric acid:
C₆H₈O₇ has a molar mass of 192.12 g/mol.
Calculate the moles of citric acid:
Moles of citric acid = mass of citric acid / molar mass of citric acid.
Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to determine the moles of NaOH needed:
According to the balanced equation, 3 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of citric acid.
Calculate the volume of 0.3244 M NaOH:
Volume of NaOH = (moles of NaOH needed / molarity of NaOH) * 1000.
Substituting the values and performing the calculations, you can determine the volume of 0.3244 M NaOH needed to completely neutralize 0.266 g of citric acid.
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Which combustion reaction will produce more energy, ethanol C2H5OH or propane C3H8,? Use evidence from your calculations
to support your answer.
Answers
Propane produces more energy as compared to ethanol during burning.
How much energy is produced by ethanol and propane?Energy produce by ethanol is 10.45 kilojoules per gram whereas propane release 46 kilojoules per gram of energy when burn so by comparing these two chemicals we can conclude that propane produces more energy as compared to ethanol during burning.
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.Which expression describes the heat evolved in a chemical reaction when the reaction is carried out at constant pressure? Explain.
1. ΔE−w
2. ΔE
3. ΔE−q
Answers
The expression that describes the heat evolved in a chemical reaction when the reaction is carried out at constant pressure is: 1. ΔE−w
Explanation: In a chemical reaction, the heat evolved (q) at constant pressure is related to the change in enthalpy (ΔH) of the reaction.The change in enthalpy (ΔH) is given by the equation: ΔH = ΔE - w where ΔE is the change in internal energy of the system, and w is the work done by the system (usually in the form of pressure-volume work) So, when the reaction is carried out at constant pressure, the heat evolved in the reaction is represented by the expression ΔE - w.About chemical reactionA chemical reaction is a process in which a substance or reactant is converted into a different substance and is called a product. A chemical reaction rearranges the atomic composition of the reactants to form a different substance as a product. For example photosynthesis, combustion, to the manufacture of drugs.
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Na2O + H2O => NaOH *
Your answer
Balancing equations only the coefficient ratios
Answers
Answer:
1, 1, 2
Explanation:
You need to have the same amount of atoms of everything element on both the products and reactants side
Reactants:
Na=2
O=2
H=2
Products:
Na=2
O=2
H=2
please help i’ll mark brainliest also which one is b pointing to and is it an animal or plant cell?
Answers
Question:
What organelle is A and B pointing?
Answer:
A = Nucleus
B = Cell Membrane
Explanation:
As we can see A points at the centre of the plant cell. Which is a nucleus. And B points to the outer part of the plant cell. Which is a cell membrane.
Hopefully this answer will help you.