Compare and contrast ionic and molecular compounds.

Answer:

10 electrons

Explanation:

Sure, here are the formatted paragraphs:

i. The concept diagram for the above process is as follows:

ii. The neat PFD is as follows:

Possible Energy Recovery:

There are several places where heat can be exchanged. Since the distillation columns are the areas with the most heat transfer, it is common practice to apply heat integration to distillation columns to save energy. Heat integration of distillation columns can help reduce the temperature difference between feed and product streams, lowering the energy needed by reusing hot and cold streams.

There are also heat exchangers between streams 6 and 8, as well as between streams 2 and 3. Heat exchangers are employed to minimize the heating and cooling requirements of the streams.

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Answer:

Explanation:

C decays by a process called beta decay. During this process, an atom of 14C decays into an atom of 14N, during which one of the neutrons in the carbon atom becomes a proton. This increases the number of protons in the atom by one, creating a nitrogen atom rather than a carbon atom.

The pH of the solution is 7.00. First, we need to determine the number of moles of HNO₃ and LiOH:

moles HNO₃ = (0.150 mol/L) x (0.0250 L) = 0.00375 mol

moles LiOH = (0.250 mol/L) x (0.0400 L) = 0.0100 mol

Next, we need to determine which reactant is limiting. From the balanced chemical equation:

HNO₃ + LiOH → LiNO₃ + H₂O

We can see that the stoichiometric ratio of HNO₃ to LiOH is 1:1. Therefore, HNO₃ is the limiting reactant.

Since HNO₃ is a strong acid and LiOH is a strong base, they will react completely to form water and LiNO₃. The moles of HNO₃ that reacted will be equal to the moles of H₃O⁺ formed.

moles H₃O⁺ = 0.00375 mol

To determine the concentration of H₃O⁺ in solution, we need to determine the total volume of the solution:

Vtotal = 25.0 mL + 40.0 mL = 65.0 mL = 0.0650 L

Now we can use the equation for the dissociation of water:

Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻]

Assuming that the initial concentration of OH⁻ is negligible, we can simplify this to:

Kw = [H₃O⁺]²

Taking the negative logarithm of both sides:

-pKw = 2pH

where pKw = 14.00 at 25°C. Substituting in the values we have determined:

-14.00 = 2pH - > pH = -14.00/2 = -7.00

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 7.00.

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A solution is defined as a mixture of two or more substances, usually, a solute and a solvent, and the difference between these two are in quantity, solute represents the smallest amount and solvent will represent the highest amount, and while you can have more than one solute, you can only have one solvent for a solution. Therefore the statement is true

Reactivity decreases as you move from left to right. The farther to the left and down the periodic chart you move, easier it is for electrons to be given or taken away, hence resulting in higher reactivity.

Reactivity decreases as we move down the column. As you learn more about the table, you will be able to find that this pattern is true for other families.

The atoms get bigger, as the atomic number increases. The chemical properties change slightly when compared to the element right above them on the table. The non-metal elements in Group 7 that are known as the halogens, get less reactive as you move to the down of the group.

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No, an amide will not be the final product obtained from the reaction of an acyl chloride with pyridine in an aqueous solution.

The reaction between an acyl chloride and pyridine typically results in the formation of a pyridinium salt and HCl as byproduct. The pyridinium salt is formed due to the reaction between the acyl chloride and pyridine, where the pyridine molecule donates a lone pair of electrons to the acyl chloride, forming a new bond and resulting in the formation of the salt. Amides are usually obtained from the reaction of acyl chlorides with amines in the presence of a base or anhydrous conditions.

The reaction between an acyl chloride and pyridine in an aqueous solution can be represented as follows:

Acyl chloride + Pyridine + H2O → Pyridinium salt + HCl

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Answer:

Explanation:

It is generally true that when the potential energy of the products of a reaction is higher than the potential energy of the reactants, the reaction is less stable and less likely to occur spontaneously. This is because potential energy is a measure of the stored energy of a system, and when the potential energy of the products is higher than the reactants, it means that more energy is being stored in the products than in the reactants. This excess of energy makes the products less stable and more reactive, as they are seeking to release the excess energy and return to a more stable state.

On the other hand, when the potential energy of the reactants is higher than the potential energy of the products, the reaction is more stable and more likely to occur spontaneously. This is because the reactants have more potential energy, meaning that they are more reactive and seeking to release that energy in order to return to a more stable state. The products, on the other hand, have lower potential energy and are more stable, so the reaction is more likely to occur as the reactants seek to release their excess energy and reach a lower energy state.

Overall, the stability of a reaction depends on the relative potential energies of the reactants and products, with reactions being more stable when the potential energy of the reactants is higher than the potential energy of the products.

Answer:

amount of gas and pressure

Answer:

320.04 grams of hydrazine.

Explanation:

Please check the format when posting a question.  As best I can tell, we are being asked to balance the following reaction:

N2H4 + H2O2 = N2 + H2O

[hydrazine + hydrogen peroxide = nitrogen + water]

a)   Start with the most complec molecule, N2H4, and pencil in a "1" for the coefficient:

1N2H4 + H2O2 = N2 + H2O

b)  Now find homes for the 2 N and 4 H atoms:

 1N2H4 + H2O2 = 1N2 + 2H2O  [both the 2N and 4H atoms are now accounted for in the 1N2 and 2H2O molecules]

c) The oxygen needed for the H2O must come from the H2O2 molecule.  We need 2 O atoms for the products [2H2O].  Add a coefficient of 1 to the H2O2 to supply the two O atoms:

1N2H4 + 1H2O2 = 1N2 + 2H2O

The O atoms are now balanced, but the H2O2 now adds 2 more H atoms.  The only possible place for them to come from  is the H2O2, so lets change its coefficient to 2:

1N2H4 + 2H2O2 = 1N2 + 2H2O

d)  The N atoms are accounted for.  But the others:

   Reactant    Product

N        2               2

H        8               4

O        4               2

We're missing homes for 4 H and 2 O atoms in the products.  That is the equivalent of 2 H2O molecules, so add 2 to the existing coefficient of 2:

Now we have:

   Reactant    Product

N        2               2

H        8               8

O        4               5

The equation is balanced.

-------------------

Now we are asked how much hydrazine is needed to produce 10.0 moles of nitrogen gas.  

The balanced equation tells us that we'll get 1 mole of N2 for every 1 mole of N2H4.  That's a molar ratio of 1:1 (1 moles N2)/(1 mole N2H4)

That means we need 10 moles of hydrazine to produce 10 moles of N2.

Convert 10 moles hydrazine into grams:

Find the molar mass of hydrazine:  32.04 grams/mole

Multiply by 10 moles:

  (10 moles hydrazine)*(32.04 grams/mole hydrazine) = 320.04 grams of hydrazine.

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Answer:

18.9 moles of MgCl2 = 17.834 kg of MgCl2

Explanation:

The molecular weight of MgCl is 80.0 g/mol . So, to convert the given mole amount to grams, multiply this by this number, which is constant for all compounds with a specific composition (mass fraction).

Considering the original question was in the context of chemistry, I wanted to make it seem formal and more educational too. Hopefully that worked!  

EDIT: Came up with some text around what happens inside cells that would have made it better if someone just had an issue converting units, but I doubt my answer will be accepted >.<

The element which is likely to have a high thermal conductivity among given options is sodium.

Thermal conductivity of any substance is define as the capability of the substance to carry heat or transfer of heat.

As we know that metals are the good conductors of heat and non-metals are bad conductors, so we exclude carbon, antimony and chlorine atom from this group as they are non-metals. And sodium atom has the thermal capability.

Hence option (4) is correct.

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Answer: Option (4) is correct

Explanation:

Answer:

The product is hydrogen chloride gas

Volume of product = 800 ml

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction;

H2 + Cl2 ----> 2HCl

From the above balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of hydrogen gas, H2 reacts with 1 mole of chlorine gas, Cl2 to produce 2 moles of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl.

The mole ratio of reactants and products is 1 : 1 ---> :2

According to Gay-Lussac's law of combining volume which states that the volume of gases which take part in a chemical reaction bear a simple whole number ratio to one another and to the volume of products, if gaseous, at constant temperature and pressure.

Therfore, if 400 ml each of hydrogen and chlorine gas react, the product will be 2 * 400 ml of Hydrogen chloride gas = 800ml of hydrogen chloride gas

Answer:

17

Explanation:

the atomic mass is away protons + neutrons, electrons are neglatable.

Answer:

A. Reduced precipitation is the cause of drought.

Explanation:

Reduced precipitation begins to insufficient water availability because water catch basins or tanks tend to dry out. When it drains out, people tend to start working and drying out the backup water sources and stored ones. Until such time, that the reservoirs of water will completely be dried out. And there will be no more water for them to use and there will be a drought.

hope this helps

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

Answer:  Element Tellurium (Te), Group 16, Atomic Number 52, p-block, Mass 127.60. ... defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic.

What ion does tellurium form?

Te+4

Tellurium, ion (Te4+) | Te+4 - PubChem.

Explanation:  Tellurium is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid.

Tellurium

Tellurium Element - Visual Elements Periodic Table

Discovery date 1783  

Discovered by Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein  

Origin of the name The name is derived from the Latin 'tellus', meaning Earth.  

Allotropes  

Te

Tellurium

52127.60  

Fact box

Group 16  Melting point 449.51°C, 841.12°F, 722.66 K  

Period 5  Boiling point 988°C, 1810°F, 1261 K  

Block p  Density (g cm−3) 6.232  

Atomic number 52  Relative atomic mass 127.60  

State at 20°C Solid  Key isotopes 130Te  

Electron configuration [Kr] 4d105s25p4  CAS number 13494-80-9  

ChemSpider ID 4885717 ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database

Ester group presence is shown by the carbonyl stretching C=O. for ester, which is found to be about 1735 cm-1.

It is an oily layer that forms on water at normal temperature and is a colourless liquid with low solubility in water. In addition to this, the structure of methyl butanoate can also be determined using IR spectra.

What is the purpose of methyl butanoate?

A white liquid with an apple-like odour is methyl butyrate. It serves as a solvent as well as a flavouring and aroma ingredient.

Methyl butyrate is a member of the group of organic substances called fatty acid methyl esters.

"Methyl butanoate" is the name given to the ester produced by the condensation reaction between methanol and butanoic acid.

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The ∆H° for the reaction  \(1/2 Mg_3N_2(s) + 3H_2O(l)\)→\(1/2 Mg(OH)_2 (s) + NH_3(g)\) is approximately -1372.54 kJ/mol

To calculate the ∆H° for the reaction\(1/2 Mg_3N_2(s) + 3H_2O(l)\) → \(1/2 Mg(OH)_2 (s) + NH_3(g)\), we need to use the given information that 3.4 kJ of energy are released when excess water is added to 0.50 g of Mg3N2(s).

First, let's calculate the moles of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s):

Molar mass of \(Mg_3N_2\) = 3 * molar mass of Mg + 2 * molar mass of N

Molar mass of \(Mg_3N_2\) = 3 * 24.31 g/mol + 2 * 14.01 g/mol = 100.95 g/mol

Moles of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s) = Mass / Molar mass

Moles of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s) = 0.50 g / 100.95 g/mol = 0.004955 mol

Next, we can determine the ∆H° per mole of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s):

∆H° per mole = Energy released / Moles of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s)

∆H° per mole = -3.4 kJ / 0.004955 mol = -686.27 kJ/mol

Since the balanced equation shows that only half a mole of \(Mg_3N_2\)(s) is involved, we multiply the ∆H° per mole by 2:

∆H° = 2 * ∆H° per mole

∆H° = 2 * (-686.27 kJ/mol) = -1372.54 kJ/mol

Therefore, the ∆H° for the reaction  \(1/2 Mg_3N_2(s) + 3H_2O(l)\)→\(1/2 Mg(OH)_2 (s) + NH_3(g)\) is approximately -1372.54 kJ/mol.

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Answer:

Pulling back on the plunger allows you to put in more air into the pump and the more air you have inside a fixed volume, the greater the pressure becomes. (D)

Answer:

\(NO_2\) and \(La_2O_7\)

Explanation:

Nitrogen:

\(\frac{42.05}{14}=3\)

Oxygen:

\(\frac{95.95}{16}=6\)

Ratio:

\(3:6=1:2\)

So empirical formula becomes \(NO_2\)

-----

Lanthanum:

\(\frac{7.33}{139}=0.0527\)

Oxygen:

\(\frac{2.96}{16}=0.185\)

Ratio:

\(0.0527:0.185=1:3.5=2:7\)

So empirical formula becomes \(La_2O_7\)

Answer:

I think the answer is Temperature but i don't know your options so I'm just going off of my test

Explanation:

For this question, we are going to use two formulas to find the energy, the first one is already described in the question itself, which is:

E = h*f

Where:

E = energy

h = planck's constant, 6.63*10^-34

f = frequency, which we have to find

And the next formula will be:

f = c/λ

Where:

f = frequency

c = speed of light, 3.00*10^8 m/s

λ = wavelenght, 510 nm

Now let's solve the frequency formula first:

f = 3.00*10^8/510*10^-9

f = 5.88*10^14

Now we use this value of frequency to find the energy

E = 6.63*10^-34 * 5.88*10^14

E = 3.9*10^-19 J

Answer:

Explanation: 1Pa 1 N/m^2. p = F/A and A = F/p = 300N /35 Pa = 8.57 m^2

Answer:By their movement, by their wastes, and by their metabolic.

Explanation:The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition.

According to the scientific theory of plate tectonics, the subterranean movements of the Earth create the major landforms. By explaining a wide range of phenomena, such as mountain-building events, volcanoes, and earthquakes, the theory, which became firmly established in the 1960s, revolutionized the earth sciences.

Differentiated plate boundaries: The two plates separate. Plate boundaries that are converging: the two plates are moving together. Plate boundaries shift, allowing the two plates to pass one another.

Evidence for the theory of plate tectonics is continental drift, appearance of younger crustal layers in the ocean, earthquakes along plate boundaries called fault lines, the presence of similar fossils and rocks on separate continents, and the matching shapes of continents that once fit together as a larger continent Because it integrates the research and theories of the majority of other geological fields, plate tectonics is referred to as the "unifying theory" of geology. (Oreskes and LeGrand 2003). Plate motions can be used to explain how mountains, deep sea trenches, volcanic chains, island arcs, and rift valleys form.

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Answer:All matter can move from one state to another. It may require extreme temperatures or extreme pressures, but it can be done. Sometimes a substance doesn't want to change states. You have to use all of your tricks when that happens. To create a solid, you might have to decrease the temperature by a huge amount and then add pressure. For example, oxygen (O2) will solidify at -361.8 degrees Fahrenheit (-218.8 degrees Celsius) at standard pressure. However, it will freeze at warmer temperatures when the pressure is increased.

Some of you know about liquid nitrogen (N2). It is nitrogen from the atmosphere in a liquid form and it has to be super cold to stay a liquid. What if you wanted to turn it into a solid but couldn't make it cold enough to solidify? You could increase the pressure in a sealed chamber. Eventually you would reach a point where the liquid became a solid. If you have liquid water (H2O) at room temperature and you wanted water vapor (gas), you could use a combination of high temperatures or low pressures to solve your problem.

Points of Change

Phase Changes: Pressure and temperature define the state of matter for water.Phase changes happen when you reach certain special points. Sometimes a liquid wants to become a solid. Scientists use something called a freezing point or melting point to measure the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. There are physical effects that can change the melting point. Pressure is one of those effects. When the pressure surrounding a substance increases, the freezing point and other special points also go up. It is easier to keep things solid when they are under greater pressure.

Generally, solids are more dense than liquids because their molecules are closer together. The freezing process compacts the molecules into a smaller space.

There are always exceptions in science. Water is special on many levels. It has more space between its molecules when it is frozen. The molecules organize in a specific arrangement that takes up more space than when they are all loosey-goosey in the liquid state. Because the same number of molecules take up more space, solid water is less dense than liquid water. There are many other types of molecular organizations in solid water than we can talk about here.

CHEMISTRY TERM PHASE CHANGE

Fusion/Melting

Freezing

Vaporization/Boiling

Condensation

Sublimation

Deposition

Solid to a Liquid

Liquid to a Solid

Liquid to a Gas

Gas to a Liquid

Solid to a Gas

Gas to a Solid

Explanation:

The volume of 0.450 M KNO3 solution containing 0.600 moles of KNO3 is approximately equal to 1333.3 milliliters.

Concentration of the solution in molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. The formula for molarity is given as follows:Molarity (M) = \frac{Moles of solute (n) }{ Volume of solution in liters (V)}.

The volume of a solution containing a given amount of solute can be calculated if the molarity is known. The formula for volume is given as follows:V =\frac{ n }{ M}

Given: Molarity (M) = 0.450 MMoles of solute (n) = 0.600 moles

We are to calculate the volume of the solution in milliliters.Volume of solution in liters (V) = \frac{n }{MV }= \frca{0.600 moles }{ 0.450 MM} = 1.3333 liters.

As we have calculated the volume of the solution in liters, we need to convert it into milliliters to get the final answer.1 liter = 1000 millilitersV in milliliters = 1.3333 liters * 1000 mL/liter = 1333.3 milliliters

Therefore, the volume of 0.450 M KNO3 solution containing 0.600 moles of KNO3 is approximately equal to 1333.3 milliliters.

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