carbon dioxide enters plant leaves through the stomata, while oxygen (the photosynthesis waste product) and water from the leaves exit through the stomata. plants must constantly balance both water loss and energy gain (as photosynthesis). this has led to the evolution of various modifications of c3 photosynthesis. draw simplified diagrams of the cross sections of a leaf from a c3, c4, and a cam plant. how are the leaves similar? how are the leaves different?
Answers
Similarities: All three leaf types have mesophyll cells involved in photosynthesis, and they possess stomata for gas exchange.
Differences: The main difference lies in the adaptations for optimizing water loss and energy gain.
Simplified diagrams of the cross sections of a leaf from a C3, C4, and CAM plant:
C3 Plant:
In a C3 plant, the leaf cross section would typically show a single layer of mesophyll cells, where both the photosynthesis and gas exchange occur. The stomata are distributed across the leaf surface, allowing for the entry of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the release of oxygen (O2) and water (H2O).
C4 Plant:
In a C4 plant, the leaf cross section would reveal two distinct types of photosynthetic cells. The outer layer consists of bundle sheath cells surrounding the veins, while the inner layer contains mesophyll cells.
CAM Plant:
In a CAM plant, the leaf cross section exhibits a similar structure to C3 plants. However, CAM plants have adaptations in their stomata opening and closing timings. The stomata of CAM plants typically open at night, allowing CO2 to enter and be stored as organic acids.
Similarities: They also have chloroplasts in their cells for capturing light energy and conducting photosynthesis.
Differences: C3 plants have a simple leaf structure, while C4 and CAM plants have additional specialized cells (bundle sheath cells in C4 plants and modified stomatal behavior in CAM plants) to enhance carbon fixation and minimize water loss.
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Related Questions
You are studying a population of Dlugosch’s Small Octopus that has been suffering from a skin disease. In your work, you find that some individuals have more resistance (immunity) to the disease than others. You remember learning about life history trade-offs in your Ecology class, and you hypothesize that immunity trades off with investments in other major life history traits in the octopuses. You decide to design a study to test whether higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females.
9. State a prediction for what the results of your study would look like if they support the hypothesis given in the Mission.
Make a figure of results that would be consistent with that prediction:
Label y axis with the variable that should be on the
Label x axis with the variable that should be on the
Draw results bars or lines consistent with your prediction
If the infection reduces the population size of the octopus, would you predict an r or a K strategy would be more likely to evolve (based on what we discussed in class)? Explain why that life history strategy would be favored in a small population, and give at least two traits associated with the strategy that you predict.
Answers
If higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females in Dlugosch's Small Octopus, then there will be a negative correlation between immunity level and egg production.
A K approach would be more likely to develop if the illness causes the octopus population to decline. Resources are few in a tiny community, therefore long-term stability and survival are prioritized over rapid population expansion. The K approach emphasizes having fewer kids while allocating more resources to ensuring their survival and welfare. In a small population, the following two characteristics connected to a K strategy might be more prevalent:
Increased parental care: Parents invest more time and resources in raising a smaller number of offspring to increase their chances of survival and reproductive success.
Delayed maturation: Individuals take longer to reach reproductive maturity, allowing them to invest more time in growth, development, and building up resources before reproduction.
These traits help ensure the survival and success of the limited number of offspring in a small population, aligning with the K-selected life history strategy.
In this figure, the y-axis represents the number of eggs produced by females, and the x-axis represents the immunity level of the octopuses. The bars or lines would show a decreasing trend as the immunity level increases, indicating a negative relationship between immunity and egg production.
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Innate Behaviors Are part of the encoded ________ that offspring inherit from their parents. Please answer this.
This is Science
Answers
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
Hope it helps:)
interactions between an enhancer and a repressor initiate a series of events that result in a change in gene expression. in what order can the events occur? (some steps may not be used. put the remaining steps in chronological order from first to last.) 1. transcription of the gene of interest is reduced. 2. a corepressor is recruited. 3. chromatin around the gene of interest expands. 4. histone tails may be methylated or deacetylated. 5. chromatin around the gene of interest becomes more compact. 6. proteins attached to the promoter and enhancer associate with each other and dna bends.
Answers
The order of events that can occur when interactions between an enhancer and a repressor initiate a series of events that result in a change in gene expression are as follows.
This is the initial step in the process and occurs when the enhancer and repressor proteins interact, forming a complex that binds to the promoter of the gene of interest. This binding blocks the transcription of the gene.
1. Proteins attached to the promoter and enhancer associate with each other and DNA bends.
2. A corepressor is recruited.
3. Histone tails may be methylated or deacetylated.
4. Chromatin around the gene of interest expands.
5. Chromatin around the gene of interest becomes more compact.
6. Transcription of the gene of interest is reduced.
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The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as __________.
Answers
The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as Metastasis.
Metastasis is the condition were cancer breaks away from the place of their origin they travel from blood and lymph were they form new tumor cells .
The cancer that separate from one part of the body to other is Metastasis cancer. They are also known as stage IV of cancer were it become highly contagious and spread with very fast pace. This metastasis of cancer brings most lethal consequences to the disease may considered as the last stage of disease .
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a 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. the meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. the presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal mucosa?
Answers
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide hormone from the duodenal
mucosa. Thus correct answer (b) .
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), also known as Gastric inhibitory polypeptide or stomach inhibitory peptide (often abbreviated as GIP), is a secretin-like hormone that inhibits gastric acid secretion while stimulating insulin production.
GIP was originally called gastric inhibitory peptide because it was assumed to reduce stomach acid secretion; however, subsequent research revealed that its principal impact is to stimulate insulin release in response to a meal. GIP is also involved in lipid metabolism and has been linked to fat accumulation.
Is GIP a peptide hormone?
GIP is a 42aminoacid hormone produced by upper small intestine K cells6,7. It was first isolated from swine intestine for its potential to decrease stomach acid secretion8.
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Full Episode :A 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from the duodenal mucosa?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
C. Gastrin
D. Motilin
E. Secretin
HELP ME PLEASE IM BEING TIMED
Answers
1) - BIOME
2) - AMPHIBIAN
3) - NICHE
4) - BIOSPHERE
5) - COMMUNITY
6) - POPULATION
7) - HABITAT
8) - ECOLOGIST
9) - ECOSYSTEM
10) - ECOLOGY
Explanation: ECOSYSTEM:1). If an animal lives on the African veldt, it is
part of the grasslands BIOME
2). A cold-blooded living thing with a backbone,
born in the water and later developing lungs to
breathe air is called AMPHIBIAN
3). An animal’s place in its habitat is called its NICHE
4). All living things share the BIOSPHERE
5). If streams from a region dry up, the fish
COMMUNITY is certain to decrease.
6). A fawn living with its mother in a forest is
part of the deer POPULATION
7). The place where an animal or plant is found
is called its HABITAT
8). One who studies relationships between
living things and their environment studies the
science of ECOLOGIST
9). Atmosphere, land, water, and living things
make up the ECOSYSTEM
10). Through the study of ECOLOGY we can
learn how to take better care of our world.
I hope this helps you!
Pls help!! Scientists have observed a sudden explosion in the sun followed by rapid changes in the sun's brightness. Which of these events would most likely occur due to this solar condition? (2 points) Group of answer choices increase in atmospheric pollution on Earth change in Earth's climatic pattern change in wind velocity increase in number of solar eclipses
Answers
Answer:
Change in Earth's climatic pattern.
Answer: Change in earths climactic pattern
Explanation:Got it correct on the test
a y-shaped immunoglobulin molecule is made of four polypeptide chains and referred to as a(n) monomer.
Answers
This statement is not accurate. An immunoglobulin molecule is not typically referred to as a monomer. A monomer is a single unit of a molecule, whereas an immunoglobulin molecule is made up of four polypeptide chains.
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens.
A Y-shaped immunoglobulin molecule, also known as an antibody, is made up of four polypeptide chains, two heavy chains, and two light chains, which are held together by disulfide bonds. These chains form a monomer unit that contains two identical antigen-binding sites.
Immunoglobulins play a critical role in the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, as well as foreign substances like toxins. They also play a role in preventing infections and in protecting against future infections by providing immunity.
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below contains the correct sequence of events involved in the formation20 The diagram below represents two processes that oceur in some living organisms. X + Gotian + Water Process A High-energy + Oxygen Process B Carbon + Water + ATP dioxide sugars X mostly likely represents (1) the nucleus (2) the mitochondrion (3) sunlight (4) carbohydrates
Answers
Based on the given information, X most likely represents (4) carbohydrates, as they are involved in both Process A and Process B.
Based on the information provided, X most likely represents (4) carbohydrates. The diagram mentions the formation of high-energy sugars and carbon dioxide, which are key components of carbohydrates. Process A involves the combination of X (carbohydrates) with oxygen and water. This suggests the process of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells. In this process, carbohydrates are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and release energy in the form of ATP.Process B involves the combination of carbon, water, and ATP. This suggests the process of photosynthesis, which occurs in the chloroplasts of cells. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide, water, and light energy (noted as sunlight) are used to produce high-energy sugars (carbohydrates) and release oxygen.Hence, X in the diagram most likely represents carbohydrates, which play a central role in both processes A and B.For more such questions on Carbohydrates:
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Choose the best answer, based on what you know about the path of blood flow.
The right side because it has the job of pumping blood through the constricted pulmonary vessels
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
Vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance (also called vascular resistance).
Answers
a becase i think so so so so so
In your biology class, your final grade is based on several things: a lab score, score on two major tests, and your score on the final exam. There are 100 points available for each score. However, the lab score is worth 30% of your total grade, each major test is worth 22.5%, and the final exam is worth 25%. Compute the weighted average for the following scores: 92 on the lab, 85 on the first major test, 90 on the second major test, and 84 on the final exam. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
Answers
A weighted average is a statistical measure that considers the relative importance of each value to calculate the final average.
In this problem, the weighted average score for the four scores will be calculated as given below:Given:L = 92 (lab score)T1 = 85 (score on the first major test)T2 = 90 (score on the second major test)F = 84 (score on the final exam)Weightage of lab score = 30% = 0.3 Weightage of each major test score = 22.5% = 0.225Weightage of the final exam score = 25% = 0.25
Weighted score of lab = 92 × 0.3 = 27.6 Weighted score of first major test = 85 × 0.225 = 19.125 Weighted score of second major test = 90 × 0.225 = 20.25Weighted score of final exam = 84 × 0.25 = 2 Total weighted score = 27.6 + 19.125 + 20.25 + 21 = 87.975 (out of 100)Therefore, the weighted average score is 87.98 when rounded to the nearest hundredth.
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What two variables did the Grants use to see how the finches found mates? NEED ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Answers
Answer:
can u explain in a little briefly
About how often is a full moon observed from the Earths surface?
A. Every two weeks
B. Once each leap year
C. Once a month
D. Each a week
Answers
A state of economic scarcity exists when consumers:
Answers
Answer:
Scarcity exists when there is not enough resources to satisfy human wants. One of the most widely known examples of resource scarcity impacting the United States is that of oil. As global oil prices increase, local gas prices inevitably rise.
Explanation:
To______
means to allow another
road user to cross or use an intersection or
roadway before you do.
Answers
Answer: Yield
Explanation: Yielding is an important traffic rule that promotes safety and smooth flow of traffic. It is an important practice that helps maintain order on the roads and promotes safety for all road users. It's essential to be attentive, follow traffic signs and signals, and be aware of the right of way rules in your area to ensure a safe driving experience.
When you yield, you give the right of way to another driver or pedestrian. This means that you let them go first, even if it might inconvenience you or require you to slow down or stop.
Yielding is typically required in situations such as:
Yielding to pedestrians: When you approach a crosswalk or intersection where pedestrians are waiting to cross, you should yield to them and allow them to safely cross the road before you continue to drive. Drivers must yield to pedestrians within a crosswalk.
Yielding at intersections: When you approach an intersection where there are other vehicles, you should yield to those already in the intersection or approaching from the right. This helps prevent accidents and ensures a smooth flow of traffic.
Yielding when merging: When merging onto a highway or another lane, you should yield to the vehicles already in that lane. This allows for a safe and efficient merging process.
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Match each term with its definition Terms 1. Law of conservation of energy 2. Law of conservation of mass 3. Raymond Lindeman 4. Trophic level Definitionsa. energy cannot be created nor destroyedb. a biologist who studied ecosystem ecologyc. matter cannot be created nor destroyedd. a position in a food chain, a food web, or an ecological pyramid that is occupied by a group of organisms
Answers
1. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
2. The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
3. Raymond Lindeman is consideres the founder of ecosystem ecology. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
4. Trophic level is a position in a food chain, a food web, or an ecological pyramid that is occupied by a group of organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
which characteristic makes fungi similar to plants
Answers
garrod postulated that alkaptonuria, like other "inborn errors of metabolism," was due to
Answers
Sir Archibald Garrod postulated that alkaptonuria, like other "inborn errors of metabolism," was due to a defect in the metabolic pathways responsible for breaking down specific amino acids.
In the case of alkaptonuria, the defect involves the breakdown of tyrosine, leading to the accumulation of a compound called homogentisic acid. This accumulation causes the characteristic symptoms of the condition, including darkening of urine and the formation of pigmented deposits in connective tissues. Garrod's work on inborn errors of metabolism was groundbreaking in that it linked genetics and biochemistry, and paved the way for the field of biochemical genetics.
Today, the study of inborn errors of metabolism continues to provide insights into the complex relationship between genetics and metabolism, and has led to the development of new treatments for a variety of metabolic disorders.
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the prevalence and risk factors of ptsd symptoms among medical assistance workers during the covid-19 pandemic.
Answers
The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of despair, anxiety, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. are risk factors of PTSD comprehensive screening and intervention applications have to be in the vicinity to assist reserve medics to cope with mental health challenges and construct resilience for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The rapid increase in cases led to the pandemic's first-rate strain on the municipal medical care gadget in Wuhan and different cities of Hubei Province, resulting in an intense shortage of medical. In reaction, the principal government mobilized different provinces, municipalities, and areas, to ship reserve medics to the maximum affected towns in Hubei, particularly the embattled Wuhan metropolis.
The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of depression, tension, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. complete screening and intervention programs should be in the region to assist reserve medics to address intellectual fitness challenges and construct resilience at some stage in the pandemic.
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Can biodiversity of a natural grassland be increased by introducing cattle. (which were not originally present). Give reason
Answers
Explanation:
Biodiversity means the diversity in different species which are dependent for nutrient involved in nutrient chain.by introducing many more cattle is not a diversity it will be a same species and it will only increase Biomass
what is Amber made up of?
Answers
Answer:
Amber, which is in fact a fossil, is often held in the same class as semi-precious stones such as turquoise and jade because of its ornamental uses. Unlike these stones, amber is not mineralized. Rather, it is simply the fossil of resin. Most that exists today is between 30 and 90 million years old. derived from the resin of extinct species of trees.
Explanation:
Read the article and use the information to answer the following questions. active transport in active transport, molecules are moved across the cell membrane with the help of
Answers
In Active transport, molecules are moved across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, which means option E is the right answer.
Active transport allows movement of particles across the cell membrane with the help of proteins which are present near the membrane. These proteins are known as carrier proteins. Larger molecules which are not proteins such as glucose can also be actively transported across the cell membrane by processes called endocytosis and exocytosis. Active transport refers to the transport of molecules across the membrane that requires the use of energy which is provided using ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules. During this movement, ATP molecules help in movement of particles from low concentration to higher concentration, hence it becomes against the concentration gradient.
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To refer to complete question, see below:
In active transport,
a. molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer directly, rather than by using a transport protein.
b. the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.
c. no energy input is required from the cell.
d. a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.
e. molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.
Answer: C. Protiens
Explanation:
edge
How long does it take a modern scientist to collect data and adjust their theories in response to the data
1. Years
2. Days
3. Weeks
4. Months
Answers
Answer months
Which of the following structure is not found in prokaryotic cells?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Ribosomes
C. Nuclear membrane and membranous cell organelles
D. Hereditary substance
Answers
Nuclear membrane and membranous cell organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Option C is correct.
Prokaryotic cells are a type of cell that does not contain a nucleus. They are unicellular organisms that lack most of the cell structures and organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are usually found in bacteria and archaea.
Prokaryotic cells are lacking in membranous cell organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi complex, and other organelles, which are found in eukaryotic cells. These organelles aid in the cell's metabolic processes and waste disposal.
The genetic material of prokaryotic cells, unlike eukaryotic cells, is not contained within a membrane-bound nucleus. Rather, the DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid area, which is not separated from the remainder of the cell by a membrane.
Prokaryotic cells also contain ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, as well as a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of molecules.
Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is option C: Nuclear membrane and membranous cell organelles.
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The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to
A) protect against animal predation.
B) ensure double fertilization.
C) form a seed coat.
D) direct development of the endosperm.
E) produce hormones that ensure successful pollination.
Answers
The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to form a seed coat. So the correct answer is option C.
Integument is an outer covering that protects or encloses something. The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to form a seed coat. The integument is the outer covering of the ovule, which encloses the nucellus and the developing embryo sac. In seeds, the integuments are transformed into seed coats after fertilization, protecting the embryo within the seed. The ovule, the female reproductive unit of flowering plants, is formed from the ovary's ovule primordium.
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construct a food chain found in the aquatic habitats . show 3,4,5 trophic levels
Answers
Answer:
Phytoplankton
Curstacae
Fish
Dolphine
Killer Whale
This is an example of an aquatic food chain sorry fr the delay
Answer:
Phytoplankton
Curstacae
Fish
Dolphine
Killer Whale
which term names what can regulate gene expression in eukaryotes?
Answers
Answer:
the correct answer is transcription factors
Answer:
transcription factors is the answer
Explanation:
i know this is a bit old but just for people coming later, the other answer is wrong
You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots, and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. Most likely your pea plants A. suffer from a mineral deficiency B. are infected with a parasite C. are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium D. are developing offshoots from the root
Answers
Most likely your pea plants are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium.
What is Mutualism?
The most frequent definition of mutualism is that it refers to interactions between members of different species which can be wonderful to both parties, which shows the tremendous traits of the outcomes of those interactions. But a more accurate definition of mutualism is an interplay between individuals of various species that has a favorable (useful) impact at the consistent with capita duplicate and/or survival of the interacting populations.despite the fact that there are ecological and evolutionary similarities among symbiosis, cooperation, and facilitation, the phrases mutualism, and people phrases aren't interchangeable.while cooperation is generally used to explain nice relationships between contributors of the same species, frequently incorporating social interactions, mutualism is an interspecific touch.To learn more about mutualism refer to:
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Which two statements are true for fungi?
A.) They can produce their own food because they have chlorophyll.
B.) They often form symbiotic relationships with trees.
C.) They digest food externally.
D.) They can absorb nutrients from food, even though they lack digestive enzymes.
Edmentum (Plato)
Answers
Answer:
B They often for symbiotic relationships with trees
C They digest food externally
Explanation:
помогите пажалуиста пжпж английский 6класс 10баловвв
Answers
Answer:
1. tall
2. white
3. blonde
4. bought
5. performance
6. write
Explanation: