Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:
The brain cell which uses glucose transporter GLUT3 Km = 1.5 mM
The liver cell which stores glucose GLUT2 Km = 15 mM
The objective is to calculate the rate (as % of Vmax) of glucose uptake in brain cells and liver cells under starvation conditions.
Using the M-M equation i.e Michaelis- Menten equation;
\(Rate = \dfrac{V_{max}* [S]}{[S]+K_m}\)
By rearrangement
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}= \dfrac{[S]}{[S]+K_m}\)
where;
\(V_{max}\) = maximum velocity of a reaction
Thus; the rate as a % of Vmax of glucose uptake in brain cells is calculated as:
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}= \dfrac{[3 \ mM]}{[3 \ mM]+1.5 \ mM}\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}= \dfrac{3 \ mM}{4.5 \ mM}\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}=0.667\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}=66.7 \%\)
the rate as a % of Vmax of glucose uptake in liver cells is calculated as:
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}= \dfrac{[3 \ mM]}{[3 \ mM]+15 \ mM}\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}= \dfrac{3 \ mM}{18 \ mM}\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}=0.166\)
\(\dfrac{Rate}{V_{max}}=17 \%\)
Thus, the uptake is larger brain cells due to the fact that the brain cells GLUT3 have higher tendency to attract glucose.
what is the only effective way invertabrates fight diseases
Explanation:
Invertebrates lack adaptive immune response and the only effective way they fight disease is through innate immunity.
farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?
The correct statement pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage is flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
Thus, the correct answer is flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil (A - look at the complete options under the explanation)
Surfаce irrigаtion is the аpplicаtion of wаter to the soil surfаce аnd its distribution by grаvity. It is by fаr the most common type of irrigаtion in the world аnd hаs been prаcticed virtuаlly unchаnged in mаny аreаs for thousаnds of yeаrs. Surfаce irrigаtion (аlso known аs flood or furrow irrigаtion) is one of the oldest methods of irrigаting fields, with fаrmers flowing wаter down smаll trenches running through their crops.
Drip irrigаtion, аlso known аs trickle irrigаtion, is а type of micro-irrigаtion system thаt аllows wаter to drip slowly to plаnt roots, either аbove the soil surfаce or buried below the soil surfаce.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
a. Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
b. Drip irrigation is readily used in large-scale farming because of the low cost associated with this method.
c. Furrow irrigation is a method in which farmers plant two different types of crops in alternating strips which increases productivity.
d. Spray irrigation loses the least amount of water to evaporation.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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4. What are the parent genotypes for pea seed color shown in this Punnett
Square?
Answer:
heterozygous and homozygous recessive
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST WHEN POSSIBLE, STARS, EXTRA POINTS AND THANK YOU FOR THE RIGHT ANSWER!!
(Please give an explanation and no incomplete/absurd answer I really don't wanna report anybody lol)
Why might it be harder to convince people of the value of forest ecosystem services as opposed to the value of it's economic service?
Answer:
It might be harder to convince people of the value of the forest ecosystem services as opposed to the value of its economic service because truthfully, people have different ideas on what is important and what´s not. So some people may think that the forest has no worth and it doesn´t matter to them if it gets torn down or not, as long as it makes them money, but others may feel that a forest is a special place where animals and such have a place to be free. In the end, it´s always about money and morals. I hope this helps!!
Explanation:
based on this tree, select the correct statement. taxon f is the common ancestor to all other taxa shown. taxon a is the sister taxon of the lineage that includes taxa b and c. branch point 2 indicates a common ancestor for taxa a, d, and e, but not b or c. the sequence of evolution represented on the tree leads to taxon a, shown at the top of the tree.
Taxon A is the sister taxon of the lineage that includes Taxa B and C. The taxon system of trees involves classifying trees into different groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
The system of classification for trees is called the Linnaean system, which was developed by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. The Linnaean system uses a hierarchical classification system, where organisms are classified into increasingly specific categories.
The categories of taxon from broadest to most specific, are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The Linnaean system of classification allows scientists to organize and study the diversity of trees in a systematic and organized way.
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Photosynthesis takes place in plants, algae, and some species of bacteria. What is the basic function of photosynthesis?
A.
converting glucose into energy to be used in cellular processes
B.
converting solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
C.
converting water into light energy in organisms that can produce their own light
D.
converting oxygen into carbon dioxide and releasing carbon dioxide to the environment
Answer:
A
Explanation:
converting glucose into energy to be used in cellular processes
for my science experiment (IB program. Internal Assessment) i am testing which method leads to the most seed germination. i have 2 independent variables: hydroponic system and regular soil. what would a possible control group be?
Answer:
regular soil because
from small classes we learn that germination is nice for plqnts
Indicate whether each of the following occurs mainly in G1 phase (G), S phase (S), or G2 phase (H) of the cell cycle. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters G, S, and H only, e.g. HGSS. ( ) DNA helicase activation ( ) DNA helicase deposition on DNA at the replication origins ( ) ORC phosphorylation ( ) Licensing of replication origins
Answer:
the answer is S-G-S-G
Explanation:
DNA helicases are enzymes that catalyze the unwinding of the double DNA helix in order to form a replication fork at the origin of replication (i.e., the site where DNA replication starts). DNA replication occurs in a bi-directional manner by two replication forks that move in opposite directions in order to form a replication bubble. The origin of replication is formed during the transition from mitosis to G1 when they are licensed for the subsequent S phase. The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a DNA binding complex that binds to the origin of replication, whose function is to act as a scaffold for the assembly of initiation factors. ORC is phosphorylated during the beginning of the S phase in order to dissociate this complex from chromatin.
Why do the colors in the light spectrum bend at different angles when they pass through a prism?
The colors in the light spectrum have the same wavelength.
The colors in the light spectrum have different wavelengths.
The colors in the light spectrum have different refractive indices.
The colors in the light spectrum have the same refractive indices.
Answer:
Since the differences in the refraction index between the air and the glass, light bends once it enters the prism. Since the sides are angled the light bends even more when it leaves the prism.
Explanation:
Before getting started on your concept map, use the activity below to organize your thoughts. Circle the correct option for each statement. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:A metabolic pathway that (OXIDIZES or REDUCES) an energy-rich source to produce ATP.The energy rich source for our cells is glucose, and (ELECTRONS OR PROTONS) are stripped from glucose as it travels through glycolysis and the TCA cycle.Electrons are transferred from electron (DONORS OR ACCEPTORS) to electron (DONORS OR ACCEPTORS).The final electron acceptor is a compound that has a (STRONGER OR WEAKER) reduction potential compared to that of the original electron donor.In aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is (OXYGEN OR NOT OXYGEN), for anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is (OXYGEN OR NOT OXYGEN).As the electrons move through the ETC, energy in the electron is used to pump (ELECTRONS OR PROTONS) across the membrane.The movement of (ELECTRONS OR
Answer:
Before getting started on your concept map, use the activity below to organize your thoughts. Circle the correct option for each statement. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:A metabolic pathway that (OXIDIZES or REDUCES) an energy-rich source to produce ATP.The energy rich source for our cells is glucose, and (ELECTRONS OR PROTONS) are stripped from glucose as it travels through glycolysis and the TCA cycle.Electrons are transferred from electron (DONORS OR ACCEPTORS) to electron (DONORS OR ACCEPTORS).The final electron acceptor is a compound that has a (STRONGER OR WEAKER) reduction potential compared to that of the original electron donor.In aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is (OXYGEN OR NOT OXYGEN), for anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is (OXYGEN OR NOT OXYGEN).As the electrons move through the ETC, energy in the electron is used to pump (ELECTRONS OR PROTONS) across the membrane.The movement of (ELECTRONS OR
Explanation:
How are the peppered moths of 19th century England, during the Industrial Revolution, proof of evolution?
A. First the moths started out as maggots, then they entered a cocoon and developed wings, emerging as moths.
B. As pollution increased, rare dark colored moths were selected to survive and became common, while abundant light colored moths were selected
against and started to disappear.
C. They are not proof of evolution.
D. The moths, which were close to dying out, adapted to feed on the pollution as a new food sources, and prevented their extinction. Because they evolved,
they are now abundant.
How are the peppered moths of 19th century England, during the Industrial Revolution, proof of evolution?
Explanation:
B. As pollution increased, rare dark-colored moths were selected to survive and became common, while abundant light-colored moths were selected against and started disappearing.
What were the main lessones you learned about living things
Answer:
- Most living things need food, water, light, temperatures within certain limits, and air. Living things have a variety of characteristics that are displayed to different degrees: they respire, move, respond to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and are dependent on their environment.
plz help:
list 3 structures used for movement
Without genetic variation, some of the basic mechanisms of evolutionary change cannot operate. Consider the three primary sources of genetic variation.
1. mutations
2. gene flow
3. sexual reproduction
Review the diagram involving meiosis and fertilization. In all three scenarios, other than the principles governing meiosis, what is the source of genetic variation?
A)mutation
B) gene flow
C) nondisjunction
D) random assortment
Answer: gene flow
Explanation: seen it on socratic
In a laboratory setting, embryonic stem cells can differentiate into which
types of cells?
any cell from the same organism
any type of prokaryotic cell
any cell from a different organism
any type of eukaryotic cell
Which definition best describes a base?
A. A substance in a solution that provides color over a narrow range
B. A substance in a solution that releases hydrogen ions and lowers the pH
C. A substance in a solution that captures hydrogen ions and raises the pH
D. A substance in a solution that releases and captures hydrogen ions, keeping the pH the same.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A substance in a solution that captures hydrogen ions and raises the pH best describes a base. The correct answer is option C.
pH defines the acidity or basicity of a solution. If pH is more than 7 it is basic in nature, if pH is less than 7 it is acidic in nature, and solution is neutral at 7.
A base is a substance that has a pH greater than 7 and can neutralize an acid by accepting hydrogen ions. When a base is added to an acidic solution, it captures hydrogen ions, which raises the pH and reduces the acidity of the solution. The opposite of a base is an acid, which is a substance that releases hydrogen ions and lowers the pH of a solution. When a base and an acid are mixed together, they can react to form a salt and water in a process called neutralization.Therefore, the definition that best describes a base is a substance in a solution that captures hydrogen ions and raises the pH. Option C is the correct answer.
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During the binary fission of bacteria, what events must occur before the cell splits into two new cells?
Select all that apply.
Membrane-bound organelles are copied so that both cells get a set.
Copies of the circular DNA molecule move to opposite ends of the cell.
The cell’s primary DNA molecule is copied.
A pilus is used to transfer DNA from one cell to the other.
Answer:
Copies of the circular DNA molecule move to opposite ends of the cell.
Explanation:
Before binary fission occurs, the cell must copy its genetic material (DNA) and segregate these copies to opposite ends of the cell. Then the many types of proteins that comprise the cell division machinery assemble at the future division site.
Answer:
Copies of the circular DNA molecule move to opposite ends of the cell.
The cell’s primary DNA molecule is copied.
Explanation:
Before binary fission occurs, the cell must copy its genetic material (DNA) and segregate these copies to opposite ends of the cell. Then the many types of proteins that comprise the cell division machinery assemble at the future division site.
In a certain forest community, a dominant plant species has recently been infected with a
virus that disrupts the thylakoid membranes of the plants.
Identify the process in photosynthesis that would be most affected and explain, the most
likely effects the virus would have on the individual plants.
Answer:
The thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. These reactions involve pigment molecules, enzymes, and other proteins that convert light energy into chemical energy. If a virus disrupts the thylakoid membranes of plants, it would most likely affect their ability to carry out these light-dependent reactions.
This could have several effects on individual plants. For example, they may not be able to produce enough ATP and NADPH (energy-rich molecules) for use in other processes such as the Calvin cycle. This could lead to reduced growth and productivity.
Explanation:
The thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. These reactions involve pigment molecules, enzymes, and other proteins that convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. If a virus disrupts the thylakoid membranes of plants, it would most likely affect their ability to carry out these light-dependent reactions, leading to a reduction in energy production.
The effects of the virus on individual plants would depend on the severity of the infection. If the infection is severe, the plants may not be able to produce enough ATP and NADPH to support other processes such as the Calvin cycle, which uses these molecules to fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose. As a result, the plants may experience reduced growth and productivity, and in some cases, they may even die.
Furthermore, if the infection is not contained, it could spread to other plants of the same or different species, leading to further damage to the forest community. In this way, the virus could have significant ecological consequences beyond its effects on individual plants.
The thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. These reactions involve pigment molecules, enzymes.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Plants and other organisms use a process called photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to power the organism's activities through cellular respiration.
Life on Earth cannot exist without photosynthesis. Animals and green plants would not exist without it. Sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide gas are all necessary for photosynthesis.
They transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis into oxygen and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel.
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Question 10 ot 25
The practice of science can answer only scientific questions. And scientific
questions guide the design of investigations. What is usually true of the
possible answers to a scientific question?
OA. They can lead to additional questions about the phenomenon.
OB. They overturn an established scientific theory.
OC. They lead to the discovery of a new scientific law.
OD. They remove the need for further scientific inquiry.
Answer:
B. they can overturn. an established scientific theory
Answer:They can lead to additional questions about the phenomenon
Explanation:
3.3 The inheritance of fur colour in cats is sex-linked. The tortoise-shell colour of cats is a combination of black and orange fur. The allele for black fur is represented by X³ and the allele for orange fur is represented by Xº. A female cat with a tortoise-shell colour mates with an orange male cat. HINT: The sex chromosomes/gonosomes in cats are the same as in humans. 3.3.1 Use the symbols X³. X and Y to represent a genetic cross of the mating stated above. Also indicate the proportion of the F₁ phenotypes. Explain why the male kittens can never have the tortoise-shell colour. 3.3.3 Explain why the female kittens can have the tortoise-shell colour. 3.3.2 (7) (2) (2) (11)
Answer:
The inheritance of fur color in cats is indeed sex-linked. The tortoise-shell color is a combination of black and orange fur. The allele for black fur is represented by X³ and the allele for orange fur is represented by Xº. When a female cat with a tortoise-shell color mates with an orange male cat, the genetic cross can be represented as follows:
Xº Y
X³ X³Xº X³Y
Xº XºXº XºY
The proportion of the F₁ phenotypes would be 1:1 for females (50% tortoise-shell and 50% orange) and 1:1 for males (50% black and 50% orange).
Male kittens can never have the tortoise-shell color because they only inherit one X chromosome from their mother. Since the alleles for black and orange fur are both located on the X chromosome, male kittens can only inherit one or the other, but not both.
Female kittens can have the tortoise-shell color because they inherit one X chromosome from each parent. If they inherit the X³ allele from one parent and the Xº allele from the other parent, they will have both black and orange fur, resulting in a tortoise-shell color.
Explanation:
What are three powers on a microscope? what is their total magnification.
The three powers on a microscope may be enlarged 40, 100, or 400 times.
What is a microscope?A laboratory tool called a microscope is used to look at things that are too small to be seen with the human eye. The study of small objects and structures under a microscope is known as microscopy. Being microscopic means being difficult to see without a microscope.
There are two different kinds of microscopes: simple and complex. Whereas simple microscopes only have one lens, compound microscopes have multiple lenses.
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Compare and contrast ELISA and western blotting (immunoblotting) by moving the phrases to the technique that they describe. If a phrase describes both ELISA and western blotting, move it to the \"Both\" bin.
Patients having an ELISA antibody-positive result are offered a Western Blot test as a secondary verification.
A secondary verification test using a Western Blot is administered to patients who have an ELISA result that is antibody-positive because it checks for more antibodies and is less likely to be misconstrued. Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbet Assay is referred to as ELISA. It is a test used to determine whether any proteins, including antibodies, hormones, and enzymes, are present. The substance at hand can also be measured. Antigens are present in the body, and the presence of such proteins is proof of that. Another laboratory technique for determining the presence of proteins is the Western Blot. It makes use of the gel electrophoresis method. This method can also be used to isolate proteins.
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3. Define: A phase change is a change from one state to another, such as from a liquid to a gas. Based on what you have read in the Gizmo, fill in the blanks with the words 'liquid," "gas," or 'solid' to define each change.
4. Practice: Fill in the process that causes each transition. Your choices are evaporation, condensation. precipitation, melting, and freezing.
5. Practice: Fill in the two processes that cause each of the following transitions
6. Think and discuss: Water covers over two-thirds of Earth's surface. Yet water shortages are a major problem for many people around the world. Why do you think this is the case?
Evaporation is the process by which a material transforms from its liquid state into its gaseous state.
explain about the phase change processes ?
Evaporation is the process by which a material transforms from its liquid state into its gaseous state. Condensation is the process by which a material transitions from its gaseous state into its liquid state. Sublimation is the process of a solid converting directly to a gas without first going through a liquid phase.
Evaporation : change from liquid state to gases state.Condensation : change from gases state to liquid state.Melting : change from solid state to liquid state.Freezing : change from liquid state to solid state.4. Ocean → atmosphere :
change of water from ocean to atmosphere was evaporation.
Atmosphere → clouds :
change of atmosphere to cloud was condensation.
Clouds → Snow :
change of clouds to snow was condensation.
Glacier → river :
change of glacier to river was evaporation.
Ocean → cloud :
change of ocean water to cloud was evaporation.
cloud → glacier :
change of cloud to glacier was melting and refreezing.
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C. A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable is changed at
a time. Why is it important to do a controlled experiment in order to determine how a
variable, such as water, light, or temperature, affects seed germination rates?
Answer:
So the independent is what you keep the same. You must keep the experament controlled because if you have more than one variable there is the chance that you will not know what factor changed the experament.
Ex: If you are trying to find out the height of a plant based on what you add to the soil and you give it plant A water, plant B soda, and plant C milk, AND you stick plant A and B in the shade and stick plant C in the sun you will never know what affected the hight of the plant due to the different variables.
Controlled variable can show the accuracy of the result of the experiment, it prevent bias of the experiment.
What are the types of variables in experiment ?Variables are the measurable factor present in an experiment which can be manipulated and controlled in research like person's eye color, its value can which change from brown to blue depend on different factors.
An independent variable is a characteristic variable which can not be affected by other factor, Age is an example of an independent variable.
A dependent variable depend on other variable and it can be changed by independent variable like grade on an exam is a dependent variable mainly depend on Independent variables.
Control variable can be defined as the constant variable which remain constant show an effect on other variables and it is used to prevent bias in an experiment.
The height of the plant based on what you add to the soil and give it to plant A water, plant B soda, and plant C milk, and stick plant A and B in the shade and stick plant C in the sun never know what affected the Hight of the plant due to the different variables.
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Which type of star cluster is loose and disorganized?
Answer:
open clusterAs the name suggests, an open cluster is a star cluster that is loose and disorganized.
Explanation:
The type of star cluster that is loose and disorganized is Open Cluster. This is further explained below.
What is a star cluster?Generally, Star clusters are simply defined as collections of millions of stars that offer astronomers critical information about inter-stellar development in relation to the earth.
In conclusion, An Open cluster identifies a type of star cluster is loose and disorganized.
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hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the italian alps thought the man had died recently but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago, which of the following would be the best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body? A. the ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body molecules to be preserved. B. the food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body. C. the arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body.which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body. D. the body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
Which of the following allows the AIDs virus.which contains RNA, to insert into the DNA of a host of T-cells after the AIDs virus enters the cell. A. reverse transcriptase an enzyme encoded by the body. B. receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus c. the phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus. D. the protein that makes up the capsid of the virus.
Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell? A. bacteria. B. Helminths c. protozoa. C. viruses
Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell. A. lysosomes. B. cytokines. C. perforin . D. granzymes
The body was preserved because the body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
How is a body preserved?It is common to observe that bodies are often preserved at a very low temperature hence the body was preserved because the body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
The reason why the AIDs virus which contains RNA, to insert into the DNA of a host of T-cells after the AIDs virus enters the cell is because of receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus.
The organism that lacks the ability to maintain their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell are the viruses.
The chemicals released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell are the cytokines.
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BIOLOGY 30 POINTS
In the diagram below [a repressor protein / RNA polymerase] is binding to the {promoter / operator] region. This means that lactase gene transcription [will / will not] occur.
In the diagram below [a repressor protein / RNA polymerase] is binding to the {promoter / operator] region. This means that lactase gene transcription [will / will not] occur.
In the cross between (R1R2 x R1R2) the ratio of resulting (R1R2) in the cross is:
What are two main ways in which human genetics follows the genetic patterns in other organisms?
Answer:
Autosomal Dominant and Autosomal Recessive.
Explanation:
These are called inheritance patterns. Examples of inheritance patterns include:
Autosomal dominant – where the gene for a trait or condition is dominant, and is on a non-sex chromosome. Autosomal recessive – where the gene for a trait or is recessive, and is on a non-sex chromosome.please mark me as brainliest and rate my answer
PLS HELP QUICK QUICK
How do homologous structures
show common ancestry?
Answer:I would pick C
Explanation:
homologous means similar or same structures so it would make sense that it shows ancestry