Assume that the execution time for a program is directly proportional to instruction access time. The access to an instruction in the cache is 10 times faster than access to an instruction in the main memory. If an instruction is not found in the cache, i.e., cache miss, it is fetched from the main memory to the cache and then fetched from the cache to be executed. Assume that a requested instruction will cause cache miss has a probability of 0.08. Let the speedup factor is defined as the ratio of program execution time without the cache to program execution time with the cache.
a. Calculate the speedup factor to execute such a program.
b. using this assumption, assuming that the cache is 20 times faster than the main memory.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a. 5.81

B. 7.93

Explanation:

A.

X is the time it takes to load instructions from cache

10X = time to execute program

0.08 = probability of cache instructions

1-0.08 = 0.92(92% instructions are going to be loaded from cache).

Tc = time to execute with cache

Tc = 0.92X+0.08x10X

= 0.92X+0.8X

= 1.72X

Speed factor = tm/tc

= 10X/1.72X

= 5.81

B.

If cache is 20 times faster

Tm = 20X

Tc = 0.92X + 0.08 x 20X

= 0.92X + 1.6X

= 2.52X

Speed factor = 20X/2.52X

= 7.93


Related Questions

1) What is the first compartment of the 3 Sink Setup filled with?
O Multi-purpose detergent solution and water at least 110°F/37°C
O Baking soda solution and water at least 110°F/37°C
Isopropyl alcohol solution and water at least 110°F/37°C
Sanitizer solution and water at least 110°F/37°

Answers

The first compartment of the 3 Sink Setup is typically filled with option D:  a Sanitizer solution and water at least 110°F/37°

What is the first compartment of the 3 Sink Setup filled with?

The first part of the 3 Sink Setup is for cleaning and getting rid of germs.  People often call it the spot where you sanitize things. In this compartment, we mix a special cleaning liquid with water to make a sanitizer solution. We suggest keeping the water in this area at least as warm as 110°F/37°C.

Sanitizer is used to get rid of germs on things like dishes and kitchen surfaces. It stops germs from spreading and makes sure food is safe.

Learn more about  Sanitizer solution  from

https://brainly.com/question/29551400

#SPJ1


Which of the following is the first thing you should do in the troubleshooting process when trying to identify possible
causes of a
problem?


Answers

The first thing you should do in the troubleshooting process when trying to identify possible causes of a problem is identify and locate the problem.

What is problem-solving process?

A problem-solving process can be defined as the systematic approach to used to identify and determine the solution to a particular problem. The first thing you should do when troubleshooting a computer problem is to identify and locate the problem.

When an administrator or network engineer is trying to proffer a solution to a computer or network-related problem, it is very important and essential for he or she to first identify what the problem is. This is necessary because it will help to ensure that his or her energy is channeled in the right direction.

Therefore, The first thing you should do in the troubleshooting process when trying to identify possible causes of a problem is identify and locate the problem.

Learn more about troubleshooting on:

https://brainly.com/question/30048504

#SPJ2

How to protect data in transit Vs rest?

Answers

Implement robust network security controls to help protect data in transit. Network security solutions like firewalls and network access control will help secure the networks used to transmit data against malware attacks or intrusions.

If this helps Brainliest please :)

Give reasons why mind-mapping software is important to project development.

Give reasons why mind-mapping software is important to project development.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:Mind mapping software can help you to make connections and become a better creative problem solver.

...

It helps you to make better decisions. ...

It helps you to become better organized. ...

You can see the forest and the trees. ...

It helps you to identify, prioritize and track key project tasks.

what is a computer?

Answers

an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.

hope this helps

Consider the class of C of languages over {0,1}*such that L is in C if the complement of L is finite. For each of the following answer yes or no, thenjustify your answer.(Add more lines if necessary.) A sample language in C is the set of all bit strings other than 001 and 110. A sample language not in C is the set of all bit strings of even length.

a. Is C closed under intersection?
b. Is C closed under complementation
c. Is C closed under union?

Answers

Answer:

a)  Yes

b) No

c) Yes

Explanation:

a) C is closed under intersection  ( Yes )

To justify my answer lets consider two languages : C1 and C2 are in C

C1 ∩ C2 has a complement of  C'1 ∪ C'2  which will be finite which shows that C will be closed under complement

B) C is not closed under complementation ( NO )

because Complement of C1 in language C  is C'1  which will be finite while the complement of  C'1 which is C1 is not finite hence C will not be closed under complementation

C) C is closed under union ( Yes )

which internet service is the main reason the internet has expanded and what draws newcomers to the internet?

Answers

Answer:

It has spread throughout the world since it is a very useful tool since most things are facilitated, thus leading to a much more efficient daily life, which is why the internet is one of the main means for the functioning of the world today. day, as new technologies have revolutionized

Social media.

The term social media refers to those digital tools that facilitate the transmission of information, communication and social interaction between individuals. Thus, social media allows individuals to relate to each other, in a similar way as if they were physically interacting, but through computer means.

These social media can be from profiles on social networks to blogs, podcasts or even videos on digital platforms. In short, nowadays social media is an integral part of people's social life, and it is in many cases what ends up driving them to use the internet.

Learn more in https://brainly.com/question/21765376

which internet service is the main reason the internet has expanded and what draws newcomers to the internet?

What is GIT’s function?

1 point

Helps keep track of changes made to directories and files


Allows the computer to interact with hardware


Helps computer processes work automatically


Contains new features and critical security updates

Answers

By offering tools for version control, collaboration, and code review, Git helps manage source code development by keeping track of changes made to directories and files.

What does Git mean in its entirety?

The name "Global Information Tracker" (GIT) refers to the robust version control system that is frequently used for software development and other group projects. GIT enables numerous developers to work on a project at once while assuring that their modifications do not conflict.

What exactly is the git introduction?

Git is a well-known version control programme. Since its inception by Linus Torvalds in 2005, Junio Hamano has been responsible for its upkeep. Coding change tracking is what it is used for.

To know more about files visit:

https://brainly.com/question/18241798

#SPJ1

Write a python program which prints the frequency of the numbers that were
given as input by the user. Stop taking input when you find the string “STOP”. Do
not print the frequency of numbers that were not given as input. Use a dictionary
to solve the problem

Write a python program which prints the frequency of the numbers that weregiven as input by the user.

Answers

Answer:

The program is as follows:

my_list = []

inp = input()

while inp.lower() != "stop":

   my_list.append(int(inp))

   inp = input()

Dict_freq = {}

for i in my_list:

   if (i in Dict_freq):

       Dict_freq[i]+= 1

   else:

       Dict_freq[i] = 1

for key, value in Dict_freq.items():

   print (key,"-",value,"times")

Explanation:

This initializes a list of elements

my_list = []

This gets input for the first element

inp = input()

The following iteration is repeated until user inputs stop --- assume all user inputs are valid

while inp.lower() != "stop":

This appends the input to the list

   my_list.append(int(inp))

This gets another input from the user

   inp = input()

This creates an empty dictionary

Dict_freq = {}

This iterates through the list

for i in my_list:

This adds each element and the frequency to the list

   if (i in Dict_freq):

       Dict_freq[i]+= 1

   else:

       Dict_freq[i] = 1

Iterate through the dictionary

for key, value in Dict_freq.items():

Print the dictionary elements and the frequency

   print (key,"-",value,"times")

22 POINTS!!!! Susan has decided to develop a website on a WYSIWYG editor. What kind of setup would she require so that she can publish the web pages on the Internet?
Susan would need to register the , A: Site name, B: Owner name, C: programming language....

A: Domain name, B: source code, C: Software name.....

and A: Programming language, B: Web host, C: HTML code.....

to enable the WYSIWYG editor to publish her web pages on the Internet.

Answers

Answer:

Site name, Domain name and web host

Explanation:

What is a roof plan and what is it important?

Answers

Answer:

A roof plan is a diagram or a drawing that shows the proposed development of a roof

Explanation:

it's important for the structure

Current Tetra Shillings user accounts are management from the company's on-premises Active Directory. Tetra Shillings employees sign-in into the company network using their Active Directory username and password.

Answers

Employees log into the corporate network using their Active Directory login credentials, which are maintained by Tetra Shillings' on-premises Active Directory.

Which collection of Azure Active Directory features allows businesses to secure and manage any external user, including clients and partners?

Customers, partners, and other external users can all be secured and managed by enterprises using a set of tools called external identities. External Identities expands on B2B collaboration by giving you new options to communicate and collaborate with users outside of your company.

What are the three activities that Azure Active Directory Azure AD identity protection can be used for?

Three crucial duties are made possible for businesses by identity protection: Automate the identification and elimination of threats based on identity. Use the portal's data to research dangers.

To know more about network visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/14276789

#SPJ1

Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Complete the sentence below that describes an open standard in video production. Today, video production has become digital, and all playback devices work on the open standard known as *blank* technology.​

Answers

Answer:

digital

Explanation:

Today, video production has become digital, and all playback devices work on the open standard known as digital technology.​

which are the focus area of computer science and engineering essay. According to your own interest.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

While sharing much history and many areas of interest with computer science, computer engineering concentrates its effort on the ways in which computing ideas are mapped into working physical systems.Emerging equally from the disciplines of computer science and electrical engineering, computer engineering rests on the intellectual foundations of these disciplines, the basic physical sciences and mathematics

There are a series of factors and people who save Glenn Curtiss from
bankruptcy what are they

Answers

Answer: "Due to patent issue, he paid his worker from his pocket. He paid 10,000 dollars bond which led him towards bankruptcy, Curtiss, have no option, so he accepted the challenge to fly from Albany to Manhattan and won a prized of 10,000 dollars. "

short answer:

The Wright Brothers and the Challenge to fly.

Explanation: hope it helps!

According to Nagrin, what are the four roles that video can play?

Answers

Answer:

4 Types of Play

Functional Play. Functional play is playing simply to enjoy the experience.

Constructive Play. As the name suggests, this play involves constructing something (building, drawing, crafting, etc.).

Exploratory Play. During exploratory play, a child examines something closely in order to learn more about it.

Dramatic Play.

Tomahawk Industries develops weapons control systems for the military. The company designed a system that requires two different officers to enter their access codes before allowing the system to engage. Which principle of security is this following?
Separation of duties

Answers

The security principle that Tomahawk Industries is following is "Separation of duties". This principle is designed to prevent any single individual from having complete control over a critical system or process.

This principle is designed to prevent any single individual from having complete control over a critical system or process. In the case of Tomahawk's weapon control system, requiring two different officers to enter their access codes ensures that no single person has complete control over the system's use. By dividing the duties of access control between two individuals, the risk of unauthorized use or misuse of the system is reduced. This principle is commonly used in industries where safety and security are of utmost importance, such as military, finance, and healthcare.

Learn more about security :

https://brainly.com/question/5042768

#SPJ4

The complete question is :

Tomahawk Industries develops weapons control systems for the military. The company designed a system that requires two different officers to enter their access codes before allowing the system to engage. Which principle of security is this following?

A. Least privilege

B. Security through obscurity

C. Need to know

D. Separation of duties

value of 3.0+4.0×6.0​

Answers

The answer is 27.0. This is just BEDMAS right?

A trace table is used for

Answers

Answer:

Trace tables are used to allow programmers to trace the value of variables as each line of code is executed.

Explanation:

The values of the variables are displayed in a table and assist the programmer in identifying any potential errors.

Answer:

Trace tables can enable a programmer to trace the values of variables as each line is executed/processed/ran through the program. And yes, can aid programmers to identify potential errors in the code.

Explanation:

As you know computer system stores all types of data as stream of binary digits (0 and 1). This also includes the numbers having fractional values, where placement of radix point is also incorporated along with the binary representation of the value. There are different approaches available in the literature to store the numbers having fractional part. One such method, called Floating-point notation is discussed in your week 03 lessons. The floating point representation need to incorporate three things:
• Sign
• Mantissa
• Exponent

A. Encode the (negative) decimal fraction -9/2 to binary using the 8-bit floating-
point notation.
B. Determine the smallest (lowest) negative value which can be
incorporated/represented using the 8-bit floating point notation.
C. Determine the largest (highest) positive value which can be
incorporated/represented using the 8- bit floating point notation.

Answers

Answer:

A. Encode the (negative) decimal fraction -9/2 to binary using the 8-bit floating-point notation.

First, let's convert -9/2 to a decimal number: -9/2 = -4.5

Now, let's encode -4.5 using the 8-bit floating-point notation. We'll use the following format for 8-bit floating-point representation:

1 bit for the sign (S), 3 bits for the exponent (E), and 4 bits for the mantissa (M): SEEE MMMM

Sign bit: Since the number is negative, the sign bit is 1: 1

Mantissa and exponent: Convert -4.5 into binary and normalize it:

-4.5 in binary is -100.1. Normalize it to get the mantissa and exponent: -1.001 * 2^2

Mantissa (M): 001 (ignoring the leading 1 and taking the next 4 bits)

Exponent (E): To store the exponent (2) in 3 bits with a bias of 3, add the bias to the exponent: 2 + 3 = 5. Now, convert 5 to binary: 101

Now, put the sign, exponent, and mantissa together: 1101 0010

So, the 8-bit floating-point representation of -9/2 (-4.5) is 1101 0010.

B. Determine the smallest (lowest) negative value which can be incorporated/represented using the 8-bit floating-point notation.

To get the smallest negative value, we'll set the sign bit to 1 (negative), use the smallest possible exponent (excluding subnormal numbers), and the smallest mantissa:

Sign bit: 1

Exponent: Smallest exponent is 001 (biased by 3, so the actual exponent is -2)

Mantissa: Smallest mantissa is 0000

The 8-bit representation is 1001 0000. Converting this to decimal:

-1 * 2^{-2} * 1.0000 which is -0.25.

The smallest (lowest) negative value that can be represented using the 8-bit floating-point notation is -0.25.

C. Determine the largest (highest) positive value which can be incorporated/represented using the 8-bit floating-point notation.

To get the largest positive value, we'll set the sign bit to 0 (positive), use the largest possible exponent (excluding infinity), and the largest mantissa:

Sign bit: 0

Exponent: Largest exponent is 110 (biased by 3, so the actual exponent is 3)

Mantissa: Largest mantissa is 1111

The 8-bit representation is 0110 1111. Converting this to decimal:

1 * 2^3 * 1.1111 which is approximately 1 * 8 * 1.9375 = 15.5.

The largest (highest) positive value that can be represented using the 8-bit floating-point notation is 15.5.

Explanation:

The third assignment involves writing a Python program to compute the cost of carpeting a room. Your program should prompt the user for the width and length in feet of the room and the quality of carpet to be used. A choice between three grades of carpeting should be given. You should decide on the price per square foot of the three grades on carpet. Your program must include a function that accepts the length, width, and carpet quality as parameters and returns the cost of carpeting that room. After calling that function, your program should then output the carpeting cost.
Your program should include the pseudocode used for your design in the comments. Document the values you chose for the prices per square foot of the three grades of carpet in your comments as well.
You are to submit your Python program as a text file (.txt) file. In addition, you are also to submit a test plan in a Word document or a .pdf file. 15% of your grade will be based on whether the comments in your program include the pseudocode and define the values of your constants, 70% on whether your program executes correctly on all test cases and 15% on the completeness of your test report.

Answers

Answer:

# price of the carpet per square foot for each quality.

carpet_prices=[1,2,4]

def cal_cost(width,height,choice):

 return width*height*carpet_prices[choice-1]  

width=int(input("Enter Width : "))

height=int(input("Enter Height : "))

print("---Select Carpet Quality---")

print("1. Standard Quality")

print("2. Primium Quality")

print("3. Premium Plus Quality")

choice=int(input("Enter your choice : "))

print(f"Carpeting cost = {cal_cost(width,height,choice)}")

Explanation:

The cal_cost function is used to return the cost of carpeting. The function accepts three arguments, width, height, and the choice of carpet quality.

The program gets the values of the width, height and choice, calls the cal_cost function, and prints out the string format of the total carpeting cost.

Which HTML tag is formatted correctly?
OThis is a heading
OThis is a paragraph


O

This is a paragraph


O This is a heading

Answers

Answer: This is a heading

Explanation:

please help me please help me.​

please help me please help me.

Answers

Answer:

Earth. Wind. Water. Fire

Explanation:

These are elements right or is it metal plastics and all the other object materials sorry if this question isn't what you asked for just that I don't get the question

Can someone help me with this!!!.

Can someone help me with this!!!.

Answers

13. A fence
14. In a dictionary
15. Coin
Bonus: A coffin

What is a file and ten examples

What is a file and ten examples

Answers

Answer:

A file is a collection of related electronic information.

Examples;

» a report [ a dbm file ]

» a receipt [ a dbm file ]

» bill list [ a .xls file ]

» attendance sheet [ a .xls file ]

» family slideshow [ a .ppt file ]

» physics notes [ a .docx file ]

» chemistry notes [ a .doc file ]

» a query [ a .dbm file ]

» a survey sheet [ a .xls file ]

» organization work plan [ a .ppt file ]

Explanation:

\({ \sf{dbm \:→database }} \\ { \sf{xls \:→ \: spreadsheet }} \\ { \sf{docx \: and \: doc→ \: word \: processor}} \\ { \sf{ppt \: → \: powerpoint}}\)

Answer:

a file is for holding loose paper or important documents that are typically arranged in a particular order for easy reference

Explanation:

example PDF

DOC

AUDIO FILE FORMAT

TIFF

DOCUMENT FILE FORMAT

PSD

ZIP

Which of the following are valid ways to end a loop? Select all that apply


Checking when a variable reaches a certain value

Using user output

Using user input

Using calculations such as division

Answers

Using user output I think is good

Why might you use a navigation form instead of tab pages? The navigation form allows for several levels and sublevels to be collected. The navigation form allows for duplicate records of information to be collected. The navigation form requires all entries to be complete before adding to a database. The navigation form requires report headers and footers to make publication neater.

Answers

Answer:

Access includes a Navigation Control that makes it easy to switch between various forms and reports in your database. A navigation form is simply a form that contains a Navigation Control. Navigation forms are a great addition to any desktop database.

Explanation:

yes

Answer:

answer c

Explanation:

correct answer on edge

An Internet Service Provider(ISP) has three different subscription
packages for its customers:

Package A: For $15 per month with 50 hours of access provided.
Additional hours are $2.00 per hour over 50 hours.
Assume usage is recorded in one-hour increments,


Package B: For $20 per month with 100 hours of access provided.
Additional hours are $1.50 per hour over 100 hours.


Package C: For $25 per month with 150 hours access is provided.
Additional hours are $1.00 per hour over 150 hours

Assume the Billing Cycle is 30 days.

The ISP has contracted us to write the application software for their
new Billing System.

We will do the project over the next two weeks:

WEEK 9 -- Write the Functions to do the tasks that we will be using
to develop the application in Week 10.
WEEK 10 -- Write an Interactive Console Application using the
Functions which you developed in Week 9.

===========================================================================
DESCRIPTION of PROBLEM SET for Week 9
===========================================================================

Write the Function Definitions for the following tasks needed by
the ISP Billing System.

getPackage
validPackage
getHours
validHours
calculatePkg_A
calculatePkg_B
calculatePkg_C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
getPackage: get value (A, B, C) for selected package from the keyboard.

validPackage: ensure that the value entered is an (A,B,C).

getHours: get value (0 - 720) for hours of usage from the keyboard.

validHours: ensure that the value entered is between 0 and 720.

calculatePkg_A: calculates the monthly charges for internet usage
based on hours of usage when Package 'A' is selected.

Answers

Use the knowledge of computational language in C code to write a code that has three different subscription packages for its customers.

How to write code about sales?

To make it simpler the code is described as:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string package;

float time;

float price;

cout << "Choose package: ";

cin >> package;

// Package validation

if ((package == "A") || (package == "B") || (package == "C")) {

cout << "The number of hours: ";

cin >> time;

// Time validation

if (time <= 744) {

// Package A

if (package == "A") {

if (time > 50) {

price = 15 + (time - 50) * 2;

} else {

price = 15;

}

// Package B

} else if (package == "B") {

if (time > 100) {

price = 20 + (time - 100) * 1.5;

} else {

price = 20;

}

// Package C

} else if (package == "C") {

if (time > 150) {

price = 25 + (time - 150) * 1;

} else {

price = 25;

}

cout << "Price: $" << price;

}

See more about C code at brainly.com/question/19705654

An Internet Service Provider(ISP) has three different subscription packages for its customers: Package

Determine the median paycheck from the following set:

{$100, $250, $300, $400, $600, $650}

$300

$350

$450

$600

Answers

Answer:

My answer to the question is $350.

The middle numbers are $300&$400.

300+400=700/2=350.

Answer:

$350

Explanation:

A top priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is protecting Internet users from what?
A.) spam marketers
B.) online predators
C.) viruses
D.) unsecured networks

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Online Predators

Explanation:

Other Questions
Nosotros no ____ a cantar. (We are not going to sing) Use the following information to answer the next three exercises. The casino game, roulette, allows the gambler to bet on the probability of a ball, which spins in the roulette wheel, landing on a particular color, number, or range of numbers. The table used to place bets contains of 38 numbers, and each number is assigned to a color and a range. Picture cannot copy a. List the sample space of the 38 possible outcomes in roulette. b. You bet on red. Find P(red). c. You bet on -1st 12- (1st Dozen). Find P(-1st 12-). d. You bet on an even number. Find P(even number). e. Is getting an odd number the complement of getting an even number? Why? f. Find two mutually exclusive events. g. Are the events Even and 1st Dozen independent? However you may have reformed your life in many things, and may have had religious affections, and may keep up a form of religion in your families and closets, and in the house of God, it is nothing but his mere pleasure that keeps you from being this moment swallowed up in everlasting destruction. Jonathan Edwards What is the denotation of everlasting in this passage? Evaluate -32 + (2-6)(10). How does the community respond to human trafficking Chinese restaurant workers migrate from rural China to work in inexpensive Chinese takeout restaurants that can be found in abundance across the United States. Place each step in the migration process in chronological order.cross the U.S. border with the help of a smugglervisit an employment agency in New York City to find a jobtake a long-distance bus to a new job in a Chinese restaurantwork long hours for low pay Of the following, _____ cannot accommodate more than an octet of electrons.a. Nib. Asc. Yd. Ce. V 4. Mary wants to select one shirt (white, red, black), one pant (capri,skinny), and one footwear (shoes, boots). Which outcome is notpossible? *A white shirt, capri pant, shoesB red shirt, skinny pant, bootsC blue shirt, capri pant, bootsDblack shirt, skinny pant, shoes Pueden construirse oraciones compuestas que tengan ms de una clase de coordinacin? Which type of Greek pottery was also used as funeral memorials? Benzoic acid, ch3cooh, is a weak acid with ka = 6.3 10-5.ch3co,h(aq) + h2o(1) = h2o+(aq) + ch3co2 (aq)1. calculate the ph of a 0.150 m benzoic acid solution. show all calculations. What are the disadvantages of social media essay? In South Asia, tropical rain forests can be foundA. in the lower elevations of Pakistan's Thar region.B. in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.C. in Bangladesh and northeastern India.D. in the higher elevations of the Himalayas. the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? a. dura and epidura b. arachnoid and dura c. arachnoid and epidura d. arachnoid and pia Need help trying to get at least a 80 Increasing the amount of education a person has usually __________ the amount of money that person can earn. Which statement best describes Amazon CloudFront?A. A service that enables you to run infrastructure in a hybrid cloud approachB. A serverless compute engine for containersC. A service that enables you to send and receive messages between software components through a queueD. A global content delivery service 26. Let S be the subset of the set of ordered pairs of integers defined recursively byBasis step: (0, 0) S.Recursive step: If (a, b) S, then (a + 2, b + 3) S and (a + 3, b + 2) S.a) List the elements of S produced by the first five applications of the recursive definition.b) Use strong induction on the number of applications of the recursive step of the definition to show that 5 | a + b when (a, b) S.c) Use structural induction to show that 5 | a + b when (a, b) S IN PYTHONWrite a function named friend_list that accepts a file name as a parameter and reads friend relationships from a file and stores them into a compound collection that is returned. You should create a dictionary where each key is a person's name from the file, and the value associated with that key is a setof all friends of that person. Friendships are bi-directional: if Marty is friends with Danielle, Danielle is friends with Marty.The file contains one friend relationship per line, consisting of two names. The names are separated by a single space. You may assume that the file exists and is in a valid proper format. If a file named buddies.txt looks like this:Marty CynthiaDanielle MartyThen the call of friend_list("buddies.txt") should return a dictionary with the following contents:{'Cynthia': ['Marty'], 'Danielle': ['Marty'], 'Marty': ['Cynthia', 'Danielle']}You should make sure that each person's friends are stored in sorted order in your nested dictionary.Constraints:You may open and read the file only once. Do not re-open it or rewind the stream.You should choose an efficient solution. Choose data structures intelligently and use them properly.You may create one collection (list, dict, set, etc.) or nested/compound structure as auxiliary storage. A nested structure, such as a dictionary of lists, counts as one collection. (You can have as many simple variables as you like, such as ints or strings.) Mice have two unlinked allele pairs that affect fur color. The table shows how allele pairs affect fur color. The term agouti describes fur with pigmentation that changes in each hair from the shaft to the tip, giving the fur a banded appearance. Mice with the aa allele pair are albino, regardless of the second allele-pair combination.What is the probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with AaBb alleles?3/161/169/164/16