. Aluminum reacts with sulfur to form aluminum sulfide. If 31.9 g of Al are reacted with 72.2 g of S, what is the theoretical yield of aluminum sulfide in grams

Answers

Answer 1

The theoretical yield of aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) is approximately 44.482 grams. To determine the theoretical yield of aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) in grams, we need to first determine the limiting reactant by comparing the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation and the given masses of reactants.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) to form aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) is:

2 Al + 3 S -> Al2S3

From the equation, we can see that the molar ratio between Al and Al2S3 is 2:1.

To find the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the number of moles of each reactant:

Moles of Al = Mass of Al / Molar mass of Al

Moles of Al = 31.9 g / 26.98 g/mol (molar mass of Al) ≈ 1.184 mol

Moles of S = Mass of S / Molar mass of S≈ 2.251 mol

Moles of S = 72.2 g / 32.06 g/mol (molar mass of S)

Therefore, whichever reactant has a smaller number of moles will be the limiting reactant.

Since the molar ratio between Al and Al2S3 is 2:1, we need half the number of moles of Al to react with the Sulfur.

Moles of Al needed = 1.184 mol / 2 ≈ 0.592 mol

Since the molar ratio between S and Al2S3 is 3:1, we need three times the number of moles of S to react with the Aluminum.

Moles of S needed = 0.592 mol * 3 ≈ 1.776 mol

Since we have more moles of S (2.251 mol) than what is needed (1.776 mol), Aluminum is the limiting reactant.

Now, we can calculate the theoretical yield of Al2S3 using the molar ratio and the molar mass of Al2S3:

The molar ratio between Al and Al2S3 is 2:1.

Theoretical yield of Al2S3 = Moles of Al * (Molar mass of Al2S3 / 2)

Theoretical yield of Al2S3 = 0.592 mol * (150.16 g/mol / 2)

Calculating this expression, we find:

Theoretical yield of Al2S3 ≈ 44.482 g

Theoretically, 44.482 grammes of aluminium sulphide (Al2S3) should be produced.

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Related Questions

1. You may be using medium for shoot regeneration from leaf explants of a plant in Expt-5. The plant media may contain the plant growth regulators (hoones) BA and NAA. The molecular weight of BK is 72 A : and NAA is 186. The media is pH to 5.8. (a) Before making the plant media, you found the pH to be 3.6. What would you add quiekly to get it to a pH of 5.8 (give a specific name of the solution)? Why? (1 pt) (b) How much BA will be weighed fot a 1M solution? (Y po) (c) Convert your answer from (b) to mg/ml. (Y/ pt) (d) Convert your answer from (c) to mg 1 . (1 pt) (e) How much BA will be weighed for a 5mM solution? (1/4pt) (f) Convert your answer from (c) to mg/ml. ( /4pt ) (g) Convert your answer from (f) to mg/L. (H/ pt) (h) Your stock solution of BA is 5mM and your working solution is 0.2mg/.. What volume of the stoc be added to 250ml of medium? [Hint: fook at the previous answers Keep to 4 decimal pts.) (3 pts Convert your answer from (h) to μI, and which pipettor will you use to aliquot the B. A? (1 pt)

Answers

(a) To get the pH of the media to 5.8, you would add NaOH solution. NaOH is used as a basic solution, and when it is added to a solution, it will increase the pH of the solution.

(b) The molecular weight of BA is 225.3. To prepare a 1M solution, you would have to weigh out 225.3 grams of BA.(c) To convert a 1M solution of BA to mg/mL, you can use the following equation: 1 mole = molecular weight in grams; 1000 millimoles = 1 mole. So, 1 M = 1000 mg/mL. Therefore, a 1M solution of BA is equivalent to 1000 mg/mL .(d) To convert a concentration of 1000 mg/mL .

Therefore, to calculate the weight required for a 5 mM solution, use the following formula :Mass of BA = molarity × volume × molecular weight= 5 × 0.001 × 225.3= 1.1265 grams(f) To convert a concentration of 5 mM to mg/mL, we use the following formula: Concentration (mg/mL) = (Concentration (mM) × Molecular weight) / 1000= (5 × 225.3) / 1000= 1.1265 mg/mL(g)

To convert a concentration of 1.1265 mg/mL to mg/L, we multiply by 1000, so 1.1265 mg/mL = 1126.5 mg/L.(h) Given that the stock solution of BA is 5 mM and the working solution is 0.2 mg/mL.

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When investigating whether or not the substance dibromoethane (ethylene dibro- mide) is carcinogenic, we follow the survival history of 161 white employees of 2 factories who were exposed to dibromoethane. Among them, we observe 7 can- cer deaths in the period 1940-1975. On the other hand, the mean number of cases over that period in that general population is expected to be 5.8. Do those 7 cases provide a reason to consider the substance as carcinogenic?

Answers

When investigating whether or not the substance dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) is carcinogenic, we follow the survival history of 161 white employees of 2 factories who were exposed to dibromoethane.

Among them, we observe 7 cancer deaths in the period 1940-1975. On the other hand, the mean number of cases over that period in that general population is expected to be 5.8. Do those 7 cases provide a reason to consider the substance as .Yes, the seven cases provide a reason to consider the substance dibromoethane as carcinogenic.

Since the number of cancer deaths observed in the 161 white employees exposed to dibromoethane is 7 which is greater than the expected cancer deaths in the general population, which is 5.8. Therefore, the excess cases may suggest that dibromoethane has some carcinogenic potential.

Hence, we can consider dibromoethane as carcinogenic.

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Which among the following is a renewable source of energy?

A: Battery

B: Peat

C: Wind

D: All above





PLEASE HELP!!

Answers

Answer:

Hello There!!

Explanation:

The answer is C.Wind.

hope this helps,have a great day!!

~Pinky~

Answer:

Hello! Your answer is D) All above

Explanation:

Hope I helped! Ask me anything if you have any questions. Brainiest plz!♥ Hope you make a 100%. Have a nice morning! -Amelia♥

If all cells are created by other living cells, which of the following is true?

O Spontaneous generation cannot occur

O Plant cells come from other plant cells

O Cells divide for
reproduction

O All of the answers are correct

Answers

cells divide for reproduction

Use the drop down menus to describe the changes of the subatomic particles

Use the drop down menus to describe the changes of the subatomic particles

Answers

Answer:

Protons have a +1/positive charge.

Neutrons have a 0/neutral charge.

Electrons have a -1/negative charge.

Explanation:

In Chemistry, we know that Protons are located in the nucleus, determine the element, and have a positive charge. The opposite of a Protons is an Electron, which orbits the nucleus and has a negative charge. Neutrons are found in the nucleus with Protons but has no charge; it only affects the mass.

Protons have a +1/positive charge.

Neutrons have a 0/neutral charge.

Electrons have a -1/negative charge.

What is a proton?

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom. The particle has a positive electrical charge, equal and opposite to that of the electron.

In Chemistry, we know that Protons are located in the nucleus, determine the element, and have a positive charge.

The opposite of a Proton is an Electron, which orbits the nucleus and has a negative charge.

Neutrons are found in the nucleus with Protons but have no charge; it only affects the mass.

Hence,

Protons have a +1/positive charge.

Neutrons have a 0/neutral charge.

Electrons have a -1/negative charge.

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Which two correctly relate the attraction between the particles of a liquid and
the temperature at which the liquid changes state?
A. Strong attractions mean the liquid melts at a lower temperature.
B. Strong attractions mean the liquid boils at a lower temperature.
C. Strong attractions mean the liquid boils at a higher temperature.
O D. Strong attractions mean the liquid melts at a higher temperature.

Answers

Answer:

C & D

Explanation:

The attractive force between particles of a liquid determines the temperature at which the liquid changes state: the stronger the attraction, the larger amount of energy is required to break the bonds to boil; i.e. at a higher temperature. So C. Strong attractions mean the liquid boils at a higher temperature is correct.

By the same reasoning, the stronger attractive force between particles also means that it takes more energy to change state from solid to liquid; i.e. a higher melting point.  So D. Strong attractions mean the liquid melts at a higher temperature is also correct.

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds because they are ___ molecules

Answers

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds because they are polar covalent bond molecules.

The smallest particle of a substance has all the physical and chemical properties of that substance. A molecule is made up of one or more atoms. If they contain multiple atoms, those atoms can be the same (the oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (the water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biomolecules such as proteins and DNA are made up of thousands of atoms.

A simple molecule contains only a few atoms joined by covalent bonds. An example is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), whose molecule contains a carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.

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You measure a half a cup of water which is equal to 120 grams. You spill it on your stove and it completely boils off as water vapor. How many liters of water vapor are produced?

Answers

The volume of the water vapor that we have is obtained as 149 L.

What is the volume of the water vapor that has been produced?

We know that there can be a conversion of matter from one state to the other. There are three states of matter that we know and these are the solid, the liquid and the gaseous states of matter.

We have to note that when we boil water, we have to supply energy to the molecules of the water such that the bonds that are holding the particles of the water can be able to break and then the water vapor would now escape.

We have that;

Number of moles of water = 120 g/ 18 g/mol

= 6.67 moles

If 1 mole of water vapor would have a volume of 22.4 L

6.67 moles of water vapor would have a volume of

6.67 * 22.4/1

= 149 L

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1-3 gas stoichiometry! please help and put in steps in every problem. please help if u can​

1-3 gas stoichiometry! please help and put in steps in every problem. please help if u can

Answers

Answer:

um Im not sure what the heck that is

What is meant by "the energy of an electron is quantized"?

The quantity of electron energy can be measured.
Each electron around an atom has a discrete amount of energy.
The quantity of electron energy changes as it moves around the nucleus.
all of the above

Answers

Answer:

d: All of the above. Have a nice day!

Answer:

The answer is: All of the above

Explanation:

which of these ions is more abundant in the interior of a resting neuron than in the fluid surrounding the neuron?

Answers

This indicates that the neuron's inside potential is 70 mV lower than its outside. At rest, the potassium ions inside the cell outnumber the sodium ions by a somewhat large margin.

Which of these ions is present in a resting neuron's interior in greater amounts?

Potassium ions are kept at high concentrations inside neurons whereas sodium ions are kept at high quantities outside the cell.

The potassium and sodium cations can diffuse down their concentration gradients because the cell has leaky channels that allow them to do so.

For cells to operate normally, these variations are essential. Outside of the cell, sodium ions are far more common than within.

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A sailboat is traveling east with a force of 25 Newtons when a gust of wind measuring 65
Newtons begins blowing to the south. As a result of these forces the boat will travel in what
direction?

Answers

The direction of the boat is 69 degrees North East.

What is the direction of the boat?

We know that the boat would travel in the direction of the resultant force. We need to recall that force is the vector that makes on object to move and the direction of the resultant force is the direction that the object would move in the wind.

We can now say that;

the direction of the resultant force can be gotten by the use of the formula;

(tan-1)θ = (65/25)

=  69 degrees North East.

Thus it would have a direction of 69 degrees North East.

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Based on what you know about conductivity and the periodic table, rank the elements in order from most conductive to least conductive.

Based on what you know about conductivity and the periodic table, rank the elements in order from most

Answers

Answer: chromium, germanium, iodine

Explanation:

Answer:

Chromium, Germanium, Iodine

Explanation:

edge

What are the two types of ionic bonds? How can you identify one from the other?

Answers

The two examples of ionic bonding are NaCl (sodium chloride, often known as table salt), and FeO (iron (II) oxide, also known as rust), which is created from cation Fe2+ and anion O2.

An ionic bond is a chemical link between two chemical species with opposing charges, which might be a single atom or a collection of atoms. One of the two charged species, known as a cation, is positively charged, while the other, known as an anion, is negatively charged. A cation is created when a neutral chemical species loses a valence electron, while an anion is created when a neutral chemical species gains a valence electron. The oppositely charged species are held together by electrostatic attraction.

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How many seismograph stations are needed to use the S-P-method? Why?

Answers

a minimum of three seismograph stations are needed to find an earthquake's epicenter using the S-P time method.

Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. ... Knowing this helps them calculate the distance from the epicenter to each seismograph.

Explanation:

Potassium permanganate (a disinfectant) and glycerin (a lubricant) react explosively according to the following equation. 14kmno4 4c3h5(oh)3 → 7k2co3 7mn2o3 5co2 16h2o how many moles of kmno4 are consumed to form 0.886 moles of carbon dioxide?

Answers

The moles of KMnO₄ needed to form 0.886 moles of carbon dioxide is 2.42 moles.

Balanced chemical reaction

14KMnO₄ + 4C₃H₅(OH)₃ → 7K₂CO₃ + 7Mn₂O₃ + 5CO₂ + 16H₂O.

Given the question:

n(CO₂) = 0.886 mol

From the chemical reaction:  n(CO₂) : n(KMnO₄) = 5 : 14

n(KMnO₄) = [n(CO₂) x 14] ÷ 5

n(KMnO₄) = [0.866 mol x 14] ÷ 5

n(KMnO₄) = 12.124 ÷ 5

n(KMnO₄) =2.42 mol

So, moles of KMnO₄ are consumed to form 0.886 moles of carbon dioxide is 2.42 mol.

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I have a 100 g block of iron with a density of 7.874 g/cm3. How much bare
cylindrical wire can be made from this block of iron with a diameter of 1 cm
(assuming no losses in the extruding process) ? Show your work for full credit.

Answers

Answer:

1,270 cm

Explanation:

100 g (cm^3/7.874 g)(m/cm^3)(100cm/m)

= 1270 cm

How do we get heat from the sun?

Answers

Answer:

When the Sun's energy moves through space, it reaches Earth's atmosphere and finally the surface. This radiant solar energy warms the atmosphere and becomes heat energy. This heat energy is transferred throughout the planet's systems in three ways: by radiation, conduction, and convection.

Explanation:

Answer:

The sun radiates energy in all directions. Most of it dissipates into space, but the tiny fraction of the sun's energy that reaches Earth is enough to heat the planet and drive the global weather system by warming the atmosphere and oceans. The delicate balance between the amount of heat Earth receives from the sun and the heat that Earth radiates back into space makes it possible for the planet to sustain life.

Hopefully, this helps you out!

The chemical equation shows iron(III) phosphate reacting with sodium sulfate.


2FePO4 + 3Na2SO4 Right arrow. Fe2(SO4)3 + 2Na3PO4


What is the theoretical yield of Fe2(SO4)3 if 20.00 g of FePO4 reacts with an excess of Na2SO4?
26.52 g
53.04 g
150.8 g
399.9 g

Answers

The theoretical yield of Fe2(SO4)3 if 20.00 g of FePO4 reacts with an excess of Na2SO4 is 26.52g.

What is chemical equation?

A chemical equation is an expression that represent the chemical reaction between two or more substances. It consists of the chemical formulas of the reactants in and the products along with the physics state of the reactants and the products solid liquid gas etc. And the symbol that denoted the type of reaction that is talking please I'll eat you double arrow of the film visible reaction the number of the atoms of each element in the reactants and products must be the same on the both side of the equation.

1) Chemical equation:

2FePO4 + 3Na2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 2Na3PO4

2) Theoretical molarity ratios:

2 mol FePO4 : 3 mol Na2SO4 : 1 mol Fe2(SO4)3 : 2 mol Na3PO4

3) Convert 20.00 g of FePO4 into number of moles

number of moles = mass in grams / molar mass

molar mass of FePO4 = 150.82 g/mol

numer of moles = 20.00 g / 150.82 g/mol = 0.1326 mol FePO4

4) Proportionality

1 mol Fe2(SO4)3                x
----------------------- =  ------------------------
2 mol FePO4           0.1326 mol FePO4

Solve for x:

x = (0.1326 / 2) * 1 mol Fe2(SO4)3 = 0.0663 mol Fe2(SO4)3

5) Convert 0.0663 mol Fe2(SO4)3 into grams

mass in grams = number of moles * molar mass

molar mass Fe2(SO4)3 = 399.88 g/mol

mass = 0.0663 mol * 399.88 g/mol = 26.51 g

Depending on the numbers of the decimal to digits used by one or otherwise you might obtained 26.52 instead 26.51, that's differences does not count.

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Metals typically lose electrons and become cations lose electrons and become cations lose electrons and become anions lose electrons and become anions gain electrons and become anions gain electrons and become anions gain electrons and become cations

Answers

Answer:

Metals typically loose electrons and become cations

Explanation:

Metals are typically found towards the left hand side of the periodic table. They typically possess fewer electrons in their outermost shell compared to nonmetals.

As a result of this, when metals form chemical bonds with other elements, it is energetically more favourable for metals to loose electrons and form cations.

Help with chemistry problem 6 please and how to put values in equation in the brackets underneath of the problem (so I can show my work)

Help with chemistry problem 6 please and how to put values in equation in the brackets underneath of

Answers

Answer

449.4 grams

Explanation

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is;

\(N_2+3H_2\rightarrow2NH_3\)

From the balanced chemical equation;

3 moles of H₂ reacted with 1 mole of N₂ to produce 2 moles of NH₃

Molar mass of H₂ = 2.016 g/mol

Molar mass of N₂ = 28.0134 g/mol

Molar mass of NH₃ = 17.031 g/mol

Convert mole to gram using the formula;

\(Mole=\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}\)

For 1 mole N₂

\(\begin{gathered} 1=\frac{\text{mass}}{28.0134} \\ mass=28.0134\text{ grams} \end{gathered}\)

For 3 moles H₂

\(\begin{gathered} 3=\frac{\text{mass}}{2.016} \\ m=3\times2.016=6.048\text{ grams} \end{gathered}\)

For 2 moles NH₃

\(\begin{gathered} 2=\frac{\text{mass}}{17.031} \\ m=2\times17.031=34.062\text{ grams} \end{gathered}\)

We can now calculate, the mass of NH₃ that can be produced from 79.8 grams of H₂ as follows:

From the balanced equation we can say;

6.048 grams H₂ → 34.062 grams NH₃

∴ 79.8 grams H₂ → x grams NH₃

\(\begin{gathered} \text{x grams }NH_3=\frac{34.062\times79.8}{6.048} \\ \text{x grams }NH_3=\frac{2718.1476}{6.048} \\ \text{x grams }NH_3=449.4291667\text{ grams} \\ \text{x grams }NH_3=449.4\text{ grams} \end{gathered}\)

Therefore, 449.4 grams of Ammonia is produced if you started with 79.8 grams of Hydrogen.

Help with chemistry problem 6 please and how to put values in equation in the brackets underneath of

3.
a) Using the five-step method, predict the predominant Bronsted-Lowry acid base
reaction when solutions of perchloric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are
combined.
b) Identify one conjugate acid-base pair from the reaction equation.
c) Predict whether the equilibrium will favour the formation of the reactants or
products. Support and explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

a) The predominant Brownstead-Lowry acid- base is perchloric acid

b) A conjugate acid base pair is HClO4 and ClO4^-

c) forward reaction is favored and equilibrium position lies towards the far right

Explanation:

The molecular equation is;

HClO4(aq) + NaH2PO4(aq) -----> H3PO4(aq) + NaClO4(aq)

The net ionic equation of the reaction is;

H^+(aq) + H2PO4^-(aq) ----> H3PO4(aq)

The predominant Brownstead-Lowry acid- base is perchloric acid .

A conjugate acid base pair is HClO4 and ClO4^-

Since the both species; perchloric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are both highly soluble in water yielding ions and also dissociate to a large extent in solution, the forward reaction is favoured leading to the formation of phosphoric acid. Remember that phosphoric acid does not easily dissociate in solution hence the forward reaction is faster than the reverse reaction and the equilibrium position lies towards the far right.

A beaker containing a solution of glucose and water is covered with a watch glass and slowly heated. Drops of liquid are observed to form on the underside of the watch glass. These drops of liquid are

Answers

The drops of liquid observed on the underside of the watch glass are the result of condensation.

1. When the beaker containing a solution of glucose and water is heated, the temperature of the system increases.

2. As the temperature rises, the water molecules in the solution gain energy and begin to evaporate.

3. The evaporated water molecules rise as vapor and come into contact with the cooler surface of the watch glass.

4. Since the watch glass is cooler than the evaporated water vapor, the vapor loses heat energy to the watch glass.

5. As a result, the water vapor molecules lose energy and slow down, eventually forming a liquid state again through the process of condensation.

6. The condensed water droplets then accumulate on the underside of the watch glass, forming the observed drops of liquid.

7. This phenomenon occurs because the watch glass acts as a cooler surface, causing the water vapor to lose energy and transition back into a liquid state.

8. The presence of glucose in the solution does not significantly affect the process of condensation; it mainly provides a dissolved solute in the water.

9. The condensation process is a natural occurrence when warm, moist air comes into contact with a cooler surface, leading to the formation of liquid droplets.

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Final answer:

The drops of liquid observed on the underside of the watch glass are a result of condensation.

Explanation:

Condensation is the physical process in which a gas or vapor transforms into a liquid when it loses heat energy. This occurs when the temperature of a gas or vapor drops below its dew point, causing the molecules to slow down and come together to form liquid droplets. Condensation is common in various natural phenomena, like cloud formation and dew on grass.

Thus, the drops of liquid observed on the underside of the watch glass are a result of condensation. When the beaker containing a solution of glucose and water is heated, the water molecules vaporize and rise to the cooler surface of the watch glass. The vapor then cools down and condenses back into liquid form, creating the drops of liquid.

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. explain why the procedure states that the chromatography paper cylinder should be stapled in a manner such that the edges of the paper do not touch.

Answers

The procedure states that the chromatography paper cylinder should be stapled in a manner such that the edges of the paper do not touch because if the edges of the paper touch, it will wick the mobile phase up the sides of the paper, causing the chromatography to fail.

Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique for separating the components of a mixture that are dissolved in a mobile phase. The stationary phase is a liquid or a solid that remains immobile in one location, while the mobile phase is a liquid or gas that moves through the stationary phase. The separated components of the mixture can then be analyzed or identified based on their retention time or relative distance traveled.

It is critical that the paper cylinder be stapled in a manner such that the edges of the paper do not touch. This is due to the fact that if the edges of the paper touch, it will wick the mobile phase up the sides of the paper, causing the chromatography to fail. The chromatography paper is extremely absorbent, and if the mobile phase is permitted to wick up the edges of the paper, the stationary phase will be disrupted. As a result, the different components of the mixture will not separate effectively.

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difference between metals and non-metals with the reference to :
A) Number of electrons in outer or valent shell
B) Formation of cation and anion
C) Reaction with dilute action

Answers

Answer:

C) Reaction with dilute action

Explanation:

Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.

Non-metals are insulators that don't allow heat and electricity to pass through them. Hence, non-metals are bad conductors of electricity and heat.

Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?

Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation:

D - Decomposition of carbonates into oxide and carbon dioxide

A - Combustion reaction. Combustion of methane to form Carbon dioxide and water.

C - Reaction of reactive metal (Na) and water to form hydroxide.

B - No particular name of the reaction. Usually denoted as a synthesis redox reaction.

Answer:CaCO3  CaO + CO2

Explanation: just took it

An object with a mass of 8.2 g raises the level of water in a graduated cylinder from 25.1 mL to 28.3 mL. What is the density of the object? g/mL

Answers

Answer:

The density is 2.5625g/mL. Hope this helped! :)

Explanation:

M= 8.2g                                                                               D=M/V

V= 28.3-25.1=3.2mL

D=8.2g/3.2mL

D= 2.5625g/mL


What is the pOH in a solution that has pH = 11.397

Answers

Answer:

The pOH is 2.603

Explanation:The formula for finding pOH by pH is simply subtracting the pH from 14 pOH=14-11.397pOH=2.603.

If 20.0 grams of KOH react with 15.0 grams of (NH4)₂SO4, calculate
the following:
a. the moles of K₂SO4 produced
b. the grams of NH3 produced
c. the cm³ of NH3 produced at STP
d. the cm³ of NH3 produced, measured at 20°C and 99.2 kPa

Answers

The moles of K₂SO₄ formed is 0.1785 moles, 6.069 g of ammonia is produced, volume of ammonia at STP is 8 cm³ and 8700 cm³ of ammonia is produced, measured at 20°C and 99.2 kPa.

The mole is an amount unit similar to familiar units like pair, dozen, gross, etc. It provides a specific measure of the number of atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter.

A mole is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, etc. as the number of atoms in a sample of pure 12C weighing exactly 12 g.

Given,

Mass of KOH = 20g

Mass of ammonium sulfate = 15g

The reaction is -

2KOH + (NH₄)₂SO₄ = K₂SO₄ + 2NH₃ + H₂O

a. Moles of KOH = mass / molar mass

= 20 / 56

= 0.357 moles

From the reaction, 2 moles of KOH give 1 mole of potassium sulfate

So, 0.357 moles of KOH will give 0.357/2 = 0.1785 moles of  K₂SO₄

b. From the reaction, 2 moles of KOH give 2 moles of ammonia

so, 0.357 moles give 0.357 moles of ammonia

Mass of ammonia = 0.357 × 17 = 6.069 g

c. We know that,

1 mole = 22.4 cm³

So, 0.357 moles = 22.4 × 0.357

= 8 cm³

d. Pressure = 99.2 kPa

Temperature = 293K

PV = nRT

99200 × V = 0.357 × 8.314 × 293

V = 0.0087 m³ = 8700cm³

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Indicators change colors at specific pH ranges. Look up the pH for phenolphthalein. Indicators are used knowingly (and sometimes unintentionally) in everyday life.
a) What is the most common indicator used to measure pH of swimming pools? What color changes does it undergo?
b) Red cabbage juice is a common indicator you can make at home. What compounds are responsible for the indicator properties of red cabbage? What are the pH ranges in which it works?

Answers

The most common indicator used to measure the pH of swimming pools is phenol red.  Anthocyanins is compound responsible for the indicator properties of red cabbage.The pH ranges in which red cabbage juice works effectively as an indicator are generally between pH 1 to 7 for the acidic range, pH 7 for neutral, and pH 7 to 14 for the alkaline range.

The most common indicator used to measure the pH of swimming pools is phenol red. Phenol red is a pH indicator that undergoes color changes depending on the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. It transitions from red at a pH below 6.8 to yellow at a pH above 8.2. This pH range corresponds to the ideal pH range for swimming pools, which is generally maintained between 7.2 and 7.8. By adding a few drops of phenol red to a water sample from the pool, the color change can be observed, indicating whether the pH is within the desired range or if adjustments are needed.

The indicator properties of red cabbage juice are due to anthocyanins, which are natural pigments found in red cabbage. Anthocyanins are responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in various plant tissues. In red cabbage juice, these anthocyanins exhibit different colors depending on the pH of the solution. Red cabbage juice acts as a universal indicator, displaying a range of colors across different pH values. It changes from red at low pH (acidic) to green in neutral pH and blue/purple at high pH (alkaline). The pH ranges in which red cabbage juice works effectively as an indicator are generally between pH 1 to 7 for the acidic range, pH 7 for neutral, and pH 7 to 14 for the alkaline range. The color changes in red cabbage juice can be used as a simple and inexpensive way to estimate the pH of various household substances.

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