Aluminum is manufactured using electrolysis. Carbon electrodes are used. Describe the nature of the electrolyte.
At which electrode is the aluminum produced?
Answers
Answer:
The traditional electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis is based on molten cryolite (Na3AlF6), acting as solvent for the raw material, alumina (Al2O3).Metals are found in ores combined with other elements. Electrolysis can be used to extract a more reactive metal from the ore.
Aluminum can and is used as both anodes and cathodes in electrochemical cells, but there are some peculiarities to using it as an anode in aqueous solutions. As you note, aluminum forms a passivating oxide layer quite readily, even by exposure to atmosphere. In an aqueous solution, if the potential is high enough, OH− and O2− are generated at the anode, which can then react with the aluminum to produce aluminum oxide. Al^3+ can also be generated directly. The electric field will draw the anions through the growing aluminum oxide layer towards the aluminum surface and the Al^3+ towards the solution, making the oxide layer grow both away from the electrode surface and into the surface of the electrode. In this way, coatings thicker than the normal passivation in air can be produced. However, aluminum oxide is a good electrical insulator, thus if a dense non-porous layer is grown, it will become impossible to pass current through it and growth will stop, leaving a relatively thin oxide layer (this is how the dielectric layers in electrolytic capacitors are made). This is the normal behaviour in aqueous solutions at near-neutral pH (5–7).
However, if a thick aluminum oxide layer is desired (e.g. to produce coatings on aluminum parts for dying or durability), maintaining porosity is necessary to avoid completely blocking access to the surface. One technique that is commonly used is using a low pH solution, which tends to redissolve some of the oxide and neutralize some of the formed OH−, leaving pores in the oxide layer through which the ions can travel and continue to react. These pores also give a good structure to retain dyes or lubricants, but generally need to be sealed after to protect against corrosion.
Related Questions
Which 1 m solution would have the highest vapor pressure at a given temperature?
c6h12o6 kcl nac2h3o2 li2so4
Answers
The 1 m solutions of C6H1O6 have the highest vapor pressure at a given temperature.
Vapor pressure is defined as the tendency of a liquid to convert into a vapor state. The vapor pressure depends on temperature, surface area, intermolecular forces, and the number of moles of a substance.
The higher the number of moles of particles in solute, the lower the vapor pressure and vice versa.
C6H12O6 has the highest vapor pressure among the given options because it has the lowest number of moles or particles in the solute. The remaining options have more moles of particles in the solute.
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Determine whether the following closed-loop transfer functions for (Y/Ysp) are stable or unstable or underdetermined (requires further analysis), provide your evidences (30 Points): 8Kc a 5S+1 8Kc b) S2+3S+2 8Kc c S3+6S2+12S+8+8Kc
Answers
To determine the stability of the given closed-loop transfer functions, we need to analyze the locations of the poles in the complex plane. If all the poles have negative real parts, the system is stable.
If any pole has a positive real part, the system is unstable. If there are poles on the imaginary axis or have zero real parts, further analysis is required.
a) Transfer function: 8Kc / (5S + 1)
The pole of this transfer function is at S = -1/5. Since the real part of the pole is negative, the system is stable.
b) Transfer function: 8Kc / (S^2 + 3S + 2)
The poles of this transfer function are at S = -1 and S = -2. Both poles have negative real parts, so the system is stable.
c) Transfer function: 8Kc / (S^3 + 6S^2 + 12S + 8 + 8Kc)
To determine the stability of this transfer function, we need to find the roots of the polynomial in the denominator. The characteristic equation is S^3 + 6S^2 + 12S + 8 + 8Kc = 0.
By analyzing the roots of the characteristic equation for different values of Kc, we can determine the stability. If all the roots have negative real parts for any value of Kc, the system is stable.
However, without a specific value for Kc provided, we cannot conclusively determine the stability of the system. The stability of the system will depend on the specific value of Kc and the locations of the roots of the characteristic equation. Further analysis is required to determine the stability.
In summary:
a) The system is stable.
b) The system is stable.
c) The stability requires further analysis as it depends on the specific value of Kc and the locations of the roots of the characteristic equation.
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10. Maslow refers to the stage where one reaches his or her full developmental potential as (1 point)
O belongingness.
O esteem.
O self-actualization.
O physiological
Answers
Answer: self-actualization (C)
Explanation:
it’s at the top of the hierarchy of needs.
1. In preparing his speech for a youth association, Eric considers the demographics and other important information about the people who will be listening to him speak. Like all successful speakers, Eric is engaging in the process of
C. Analyzing the audience
2. To gather formal information about audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and values, you can
D. ask open-ended and closed ended question on a survey
3. Debbie planned a speech calling for higher student fees. She thought about how her audience might react to this message. She prepared a survey and asked a group of her classmates to take it. What kind of audience analysis did Debbie use?
C. Formal
4. Why is audience analysis important?
A. It helps you understand the audience as much as possible before giving your speech
5. The audience's educational level is a factor related to
B. demographics
6. A speaker that collects information about the audience, evaluates what has been collected, and adapts his or her speech using that information is considered a(n) _____ speaker
B. Audience-centered
7. Maslow refers to the stage where one reaches his or her full developmental potential as
C. self-actualization
8. Which of the following is a method of collecting informal data about your audience?
D. observing the audience
9. Sara is preparing a speech to endorse a political candidate. She uses the information she gathered about her audience to determine their vales, beliefs, and attitudes so she can better prepare her speech. Sara is conducting which type of analysis?
A. Psychographic analysis
10. As you learn more about the audience, you are able to identify the beliefs, values, and attitudes of the audience. This is known as
B. Psychographics
I hope this helps!
Pls Help! one multiple-choice question for 13 points and brainliest!
Where does the energy from sunlight go in photosynthesis?
a) covalent bonds in carbon dioxide
b) covalent bonds in glucose
c) covalent bonds in oxygen
d) polar covalent bonds in water
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
They use energy from sunlight to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
What is the concentration of S²- in equilibrium with MnS(s) (Ksp = 4.6 × 10-14) and 0.062 M Mn²+?
Answers
The concentration of S²⁻ in equilibrium with MnS(s) and 0.062 M Mn²+ is 3.39x10⁻⁵ M. The Ksp ( Solubility product) for MnS is 4.6x10⁻¹⁴.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is a state of balance or stasis where the rate of change of all state variables is equal to zero. In other words, no one factor is changing more quickly than the others and the system is in an overall state of balance. In physics, this is often referred to as dynamic equilibrium, as the system is not completely static, but maintaining some kind of steady-state with constantly shifting variables. In chemical reactions, equilibrium is the point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction that leads to the concentrations of the reactants and products remaining constant.
Define solubility product.The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution is the solubility product constant. Ksp is used to represent it.
A type of equilibrium constant, the solubility product's value changes with temperature. Due to increasing solubility, Ksp often rises as temperature rises.
A substance's ability to dissolve in a solvent to create a solution is known as a substance's solubility. Ionic compounds, which separate into cations and anions, have a wide range of solubilities in water. While other substances are exceedingly insoluble, some are highly soluble and may even absorb moisture from the air.
Since we know the concentration of Mn²⁺, we can use this information to solve for the concentration of S²⁻. We use the equation Ksp = [Mn²⁺][S²⁻], dividing both sides by the concentration of Mn²⁺ concentration of S²⁻. 4.6x10⁻¹⁴ = (0.062) [S²⁻] [S²⁻] = 4.6x10⁻¹⁴ ÷ 0.062 = 3.39x10⁻⁵ M.
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The isomerization of cyclopropane to propene is a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 9.2/s. If an initial sample of cyclopropane has a concentration of 6.00 M, what will the cyclopropane concentration be after 1.00 s?
Answers
The number of moles of the cyclopropane that remains after 1.00 s is 6.1 * 10^-4 M.
What is is the concentration?By the use of the equation of the first order reaction, we can be able to find out the concentration at a given time.
The equation of the first order reaction can be written as;
ln[A] = ln[Ao] - kt
[A] = Concentration at time t
[Ao] = Initial concentration
k = rate constant
t = time
Then;
[A] = e^ln[Ao] - kt
[A] = e^ln6.00 - (9.2 * 1)
[A] = 6.1 * 10^-4 M
The amount of the cyclopropane left is 6.1 * 10^-4 M.
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the ph of a 1.00 m solution of caffeine, a weak organic base, is 12.300. calculate the ka of protonated caffeine.
Answers
Ka of protonated caffeine is approximately 5.0 × 10^-13.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the Ka of protonated caffeine (HCaffeine), we can use the following equation:
Kb * Ka = Kw
where Kb is the base dissociation constant of caffeine, Ka is the acid dissociation constant of HCaffeine, and Kw is the ion product constant of water (1.0 × 10^-14 at 25°C).
Since caffeine is a weak organic base, we can assume that it reacts with water to form the conjugate acid, HCaffeine, and hydroxide ions:
Caffeine + H2O ⇌ HCaffeine + OH^-
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is the base dissociation constant of caffeine (Kb).
Kb * Ka = Kw
Rearranging the equation to solve for Ka, we get:
Ka = Kw / Kb
The pH of the 1.00 M caffeine solution is 12.300, so the pOH is:
pOH = 14.000 - pH = 14.000 - 12.300 = 1.700
From this, we can calculate the hydroxide ion concentration:
[OH^-] = 10^(-pOH) = 10^(-1.700) = 0.020 M
Since caffeine is a weak base, we can assume that [OH^-] is primarily due to the dissociation of HCaffeine:
HCaffeine ⇌ H+ + Caffeine
From this, we can calculate the concentration of HCaffeine:
[HCaffeine] = [OH^-] = 0.020 M
And we know that the initial concentration of caffeine is 1.00 M. Since the dissociation of HCaffeine is assumed to be small, we can assume that the concentration of caffeine remaining is also 1.00 M.
Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions can be calculated using the equation for the ion product constant of water:
Kw = [H+][OH^-]
1.0 × 10^-14 = [H+][0.020]
[H+] = 5.0 × 10^-13 M
Now we can calculate the Ka of protonated caffeine:
Ka = Kw / Kb = (1.0 × 10^-14) / (0.020) = 5.0 × 10^-13
Therefore, the Ka of protonated caffeine is approximately 5.0 × 10^-13.
CHEMISTRY 50 POINTSS!!
The electron configuration of an element is shown below.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Name the group this element belongs to in the periodic table and explain your answer.
Based on the electron configuration, write one chemical property of this element.
Answers
Answer: Group 18, non-reactive noble gas
Explanation:
This electron configuration denotes the elements Argon. It is at the end of the 3p subshell and we can tell this because it says 6 for the value in 3p. This element is in group 18 and something important about that group is that they are typically non-reactive gases, because they have a full electron shell.
Group 18
non-reactive noble gas
During photosynthesis, the following reaction takes place: carbon dioxide + water + light energy → sugar + oxygen During cellular respiration, the following reaction takes place: sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + chemical energy Given this information, how are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Question 5 options: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both produce the same materials. The same type of energy is found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both start with the same materials. D. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.
Answers
Answer:
It cost Evan $17.70 to send 177 text messages. How many text messages did he send if he spent $19.10?
Explanation:
I cant do this
if a sample of benzene (c6h6) is 91% pure and the combustion of benzene by the reaction has a 54% yield, how much water is produced from 0.49 mol of a sample of impure benzene? answer in units of mol.
Answers
The amount of water is produced from 0.49 mol of a sample of impure benzene is 0.68 mol
The combustion reaction of benzene is as :
2C₆H₆ + 15O₂ --> 12CO₂ + 6H₂O
2 moles of benzene yield the 6 moles of the water,
The each mole of benzene yields 3 moles of the water.
The purity of the 0.49 mole of the benzene that is burned is the 91 %.
This means that , 0.49 × 0.91 = 0.4459 moles
The yield of the reaction is 54%.
The amount of the water produced is = 0.4459 × 3 × 0.51
= 0.68 mol
Thus the moles of the water produces is 0.68 mol.
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why are fish lucky that water particles expand as they hit a temperature of 0°c?
Answers
Answer:
it is a result of hydrogen bonds present within water molecules.
Explanation:
when the water is transformed to ice at zero degrees Celsius, the water molecules are in crystal lattice in a structure that has a lot of empty space around each molecule.
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1. An atom has 19 protons and 20 neutrons. How many electrons are there?
Answers
Answer:
there is 19 electrons
Explanation:
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, hope this helps!
which elements have similar chemical properties
A) Na, K, Mg
B) B, Al, S
C) N, O, F
D) He, Ar, Kr
Answers
What is nebular theory
Answers
Answer: The nebular theory is an explanation for the formation of solar systems.
Explanation:
Which atom (magnesium or chlorine) is larger? _______________________(you should also be prepared to answer the question if asked for the smaller atom)3a. Explain why the atom is larger. Include the following terms in your answer: protons, electrons, shells or layers, columbic attractions
Answers
Answer:
The magnesium atom is larger.
Explanation:
The magnesium atom is larger because it is on the left side of the Periodic Table (period 3 and group 2) where the atomic radius is larger.
Atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus of an atom to the most external electron shell.
The greater the columbic attractions, the closer the protons in the nucleus are to the electrons in the outer layers, making the size of the atom smaller.
Calculate the sum below, and express the result with the correct number of significant figures. 89.0+469+0.3469=
Answers
The sum of 89.0, 469, and 0.3469, rounded to the appropriate number of significant figures, is 558.3, with three significant figures.
To calculate the sum of 89.0, 469, and 0.3469, we add these numbers together. The sum of 89.0 and 469 is 558.0, and when we add 0.3469 to this sum, we get 558.3469. However, we need to express the result with the correct number of significant figures.
The rule for determining the number of significant figures in addition is to consider the number with the least number of significant figures. In this case, 0.3469 has four significant figures, whereas 89.0 and 469 have three significant figures. Therefore, our final answer should have three significant figures. Rounding the result to three significant figures, we get 558.3.
Significant figures, also known as significant digits, are used to indicate the precision or accuracy of a measurement or calculation. They represent the digits that carry meaning in a number. When performing calculations, it is important to consider the number of significant figures and apply rounding rules to ensure the result is properly expressed.
In addition, the rule for addition and subtraction is to consider the number with the least number of significant figures. This is because the least precise measurement limits the level of precision for the final result. By rounding to the appropriate number of significant figures, we maintain consistency and avoid falsely implying a higher level of precision than is justified by the original data.
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IWhich of the following solutions would be most likely to have the highest water concentration?
Multiple Choice hypertonic solution isotonic solution hypotonic solution water concentration and tonicity of a solution cannot be compared
Answers
"Hypotonic solution," refers to a solution with the highest water concentration due to its lower solute concentration compared to the other options, leading to water influx into cells.
A hypotonic solution would be most likely to have the highest water concentration. In a hypotonic solution, the solute concentration is lower than that inside the cell or compared to another solution. As a result, water tends to move into the cell or the solution to equalize the concentration.
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water molecules will move into the cell through the process of osmosis. This influx of water increases the water concentration inside the cell, leading to cell swelling or even bursting in extreme cases.
Compared to hypertonic and isotonic solutions, a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, allowing for a higher concentration of water molecules. This results in a higher water concentration in the solution. It's important to note that the concept of tonicity is related to the relative solute concentrations between two solutions and their effect on cell osmosis. In this case, a hypotonic solution is characterized by a higher water concentration compared to the other options.
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30 ml of 0. 00138 m cl- solution is titrated with 0. 00057 m ag+. calculate the pag half-way to the equivalence point when the added titrant volume is 30ml. (hint!: use the ksp value for agcl)
Answers
The pAg halfway to the equivalence point when the added titrant volume is 30 ml is 7.45.
The pAg halfway to the equivalence point can be calculated using the concept of stoichiometry and the equilibrium constant expression for the formation of silver chloride (AgCl).
First, we need to determine the number of moles of Cl- present in the initial solution. The initial concentration of Cl- is 0.00138 M, and the volume of the solution is 30 ml. Therefore, the moles of Cl- can be calculated as follows:
Moles of Cl- = Concentration of Cl- × Volume of Solution
= 0.00138 M × 0.030 L
= 0.0000414 moles
Since the stoichiometry between Ag+ and Cl- is 1:1, the moles of Ag+ required to react with the moles of Cl- can be assumed to be the same.
Next, we calculate the concentration of Ag+ required to react with the moles of Cl-. The moles of Ag+ can be determined as follows:
Moles of Ag+ = Concentration of Ag+ × Volume of Titrant Added
= 0.00057 M × 0.030 L
= 0.0000171 moles
At the halfway point, the moles of Ag+ reacted with the moles of Cl- are equal. Therefore, the moles of Ag+ remaining in solution are:
Moles of Ag+ remaining = Moles of Ag+ initial - Moles of Ag+ reacted
= 0.0000171 moles - 0.0000414 moles
= -0.0000243 moles
Since the moles of Ag+ cannot be negative, we assume that all the Cl- ions have reacted, and the excess Ag+ ions have formed a precipitate of AgCl.
Using the equilibrium constant expression for AgCl, Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-], we can calculate the concentration of Ag+ at the halfway point.
Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]
[Ag+] = Ksp / [Cl-]
= (1.77 × 10^-10) / (0.00138 M)
≈ 1.285 × 10^-7 M
Finally, we can calculate the pAg halfway to the equivalence point using the formula:
pAg = -log10([Ag+])
= -log10(1.285 × 10^-7)
≈ 7.45
Step 3: At the halfway point, all the Cl- ions have reacted with Ag+ ions to form AgCl. The remaining Ag+ ions in solution will be in equilibrium with the AgCl precipitate. The concentration of Ag+ at this point can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression for AgCl.
The pAg halfway to the equivalence point is 7.45. This means that the concentration of Ag+ ions in the solution is approximately 1.285 × 10^-7 M. At this concentration, the solution is close to the solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgCl, which is 1.77 × 10^-10.
The pAg value represents the negative logarithm of the Ag+ concentration in the solution. By calculating the concentration of Ag+ at the halfway point, we can determine the pAg value.
The result indicates that halfway to the equivalence point, the concentration of Ag+ ions in the solution is relatively high, indicating that a significant portion of the AgCl precipitate has formed. This corresponds to the formation of a visible white precip
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how many joules of energy must be removed from 126 g of water at 24oc to form ice at –15oc?
Answers
The answer is 153.7 kJ.1 g of water requires 100 calories to heat from its freezing point of 0 C to its boiling temperature of 100 C.
The latent heat of vaporization is what is causing this. To raise the temperature of 40 grams of water by 50 degrees, we must figure out how much heat is being absorbed. Mg delta is equivalent to Celsius. 40 grams of mass is equal to 1 into 50 points, which equals 2000 calories or 478.5 joules. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to vaporize water into steam. As a result, the steam at 100°C contains greater heat.
Find the amount of heat needed to change 100.
100 C vapor to 0 C water
q \s4 \s= \sm \s⋅ \sΔ \sH \sv \s= \s50.0 \sg \s⋅ \s2257 \sJ \sg \s= \s112850 \sJ
5. Calculate the amount of heat needed to transform 100 C of vapor into 120 C of vapor:
q \s5 \s= \sm \s⋅ \sc \sv \sa \sp \so \sr \s⋅ \sΔ \sT \s= \s50.0 \sg \s⋅ \s2.09 \sJ \sg \s⋅ \s∘ \sC \s⋅ \s( \s120 \s∘ \sC \s− \s100 \s∘ \sC \s) \s= \s2090 \sJ
Consequently, the total heat needed is
q \sT \sO \sT \sA \sL \s= \sq \s1 \s+ \sq \s2 \s+ \sq \s3 \s+ \sq \s4 \s+ \sq \s5 \s= \s152696.5 \sJ \s= \s153.7 \sk \sJ
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12. Determine the number of moles of boric acid that react in the equation to produce 10 moles of water.
Answers
In the preceding equation, 6.67 moles of boric acid (\(H_3BO_3\)) will react to generate 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)).
To determine the number of moles of boric acid that react in the equation to produce 10 moles of water, we need to examine the balanced chemical equation and use stoichiometry.
1. Begin by examining the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involving boric acid and water. Let's assume the equation is:
\(3H_2O\) + \(3H_2O\) -> \(B_2O_3\) + \(6H_2O\)
2. From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) react with 3 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) to produce 6 moles of water (\(H_2O\)).
3. Use the given information that 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) are produced. Since the stoichiometric ratio between boric acid and water is 2:3, we can set up a proportion to find the number of moles of boric acid:
2 moles \(H_3BO_3\) / 3 moles \(H_2O\) = x moles \(H_3BO_3\) / 10 moles \(H_2O\)
4. Cross-multiply and solve for x:
(2 moles \(H_3BO_3\))(10 moles \(H_2O\)) = (3 moles \(H_2O\))(x moles \(H_3BO_3\))
20 moles \(H_2O\) = 3x moles \(H_3BO_3\)
5. Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to isolate x:
x moles \(H_3BO_3\) = (20 moles \(H_2O\)) / 3
6. Calculate the value of x:
x moles \(H_3BO_3\) ≈ 6.67 moles \(H_3BO_3\)
Therefore, approximately 6.67 moles of boric acid (\(H_3BO_3\)) will react to produce 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) in the given equation.
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There are three sets of sketches below, showing the same pure molecular compound (hydrogen chloride, molecular formula ) at three different temperatures. The sketches are drawn as if a sample of hydrogen chloride were under a microscope so powerful that individual atoms could be seen. Only one sketch in each set is correct. Use the slider to choose the correct sketch in each set. You may need the following information: melting point of : -114.8 boiling point of : -85.1
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - option C.
Explanation:
Given: the melting point of HCl is
-114.8 °C, which suggests that below this temperature HCl will be solid.
and, since the boiling point of HCl is - 85.1 °C. It is also suggested that above this temperature HCl will be gas, Therefore.
Solid -114.8 - Ordered arrangement
Liquid -85.1c - Less orderly arranged
Gaseous - Least orderly arranged
Thus, at —90 °C, HCl will be present 'in the liquid state, At — 1 °C, HCl will be present in the gaseous state and at -129 °C, HCl will be present in the solid-state. So, the molecules will be organized in a more orderly manner .
Thus, the correct answer is - option C
Question 5
What is the correct way to set up the relationship between milligrams and grams?
10-mg-1g
O None are correct
10-3mg-1g
1mg-10-³g
O 1mg-106g
O
5 pts
Next ▸
Answers
The correct way to set up the relationship between milligrams and grams is 1mg-10-³g. option D is correct.
What are milligrams and grams ?The milligrams and grams are is eual to the 1g = 1,000mg. 1,000 milligrams (mg) in 1 gram (g).
The conversion of your gram figure to milligrams multiply your figure by 1000. 1mg is 1/1000g. There are 1,000 milligrams in 1 gram.
Therefore, The correct way to set up the relationship between milligrams and grams is 1mg-10-³g. option D is correct.
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Hydrogen gives off of energy when burned in oxygen, and methane gives off under the same circumstances. Of a mixture of g hydrogen and g methane is burned, and the heat released is transferred to g water at , what final temperature will be reached by the water
Answers
Answer:
The answer is 9
Explanation:
Because 5+4=9 lol
Using the equation above, how many moles of Na are produced when 2.75 moles of H2 react with excess NaCl? will give BRAINLIEST
Answers
Answer:
5.5 moles of sodium are produced
Explanation:
Given data:
Number of moles of hydrogen = 2.75 mol
Number of moles of Na produced = ?
Solution:
Chemical equation:
H₂ + 2NaCl → 2HCl + 2Na
Now we will compare the moles of hydrogen and sodium from balance chemical equation:
H₂ : Na
1 : 2
2.75 : 2/1×2.75 = 5.5 mol
Thus, 5.5 moles of sodium are produced.
The molecular formula for the simple sugar glucose is C6H12O6. Which compound represents the empirical formula for glucose?
Answers
The molecular formula for the simple sugar glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. CH₂O is the empirical formula for glucose.
What is empirical formula ?The chemical formula of a compound that gives the proportions (ratios) of the elements present in the compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms is known as an empirical formula. This would be the elemental compound's lowest whole number ratio.
The empirical formula for glucose is , CH₂O while the molecular formula is C₆H₁₂O₆. A glucose molecule has six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.
Thus, CH₂O is the empirical formula for glucose.
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Please help!! Why is the following Electron Configuration incorrect for Aluminium?
Answers
Answer:
3s^1 would be 3s^2
Explanation:
what happen when a buring matchstick is held near the gas jar
Answers
When a burning matchstick is held near the gas jar, it burns brightly.
What is combustion?Combustion is the reaction of a substance with oxygen causing release of energy. The reaction is exothermic and often involves a flame.
Combustion of natural gas is an important source of energy for homes and industry.
When a burning matchstick is held near the gas jar, it burns brightly because oxygen supports combustion. When oxygen combines, chemically with another chemical like carbon or hydrogen, energy is released rapidly in the form of heat that creates fire and makes the matchstick burns brightly.
Therefore, when a burning matchstick is held near the gas jar, it burns brightly.
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Use electron dot structures to model the reaction between NH3 and BF3. Use an arrow to show how the electron pair is
donated. Identify the Lewis acid, Lewis base, and the electron pair.
Answers
When NH3 reacts with BF3, the nitrogen lone pair donates a pair of electrons to the boron atom. This forms a new bond between the nitrogen and boron atoms, and the boron atom gains a full octet of electrons:
F H H
/ \ / /
B F + N /
\ / \ /
F H
NH3 acts as the Lewis base because it donates a pair of electrons to BF3, which acts as the Lewis acid. The electron pair being donated is the lone pair on the nitrogen atom in NH3.
The reaction between NH3 and BF3 can be modeled using electron dot structures.
First, let's draw the Lewis structure for each molecule:
NH3:
H H
\ /
N
/ \
H H
BF3:
F
/ \
B F
\ /
F
In NH3, nitrogen has five valence electrons and each hydrogen has one valence electron. The electrons are shared to form three covalent bonds between the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, and there is one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
In BF3, boron has three valence electrons, and each fluorine has seven valence electrons. The electrons are shared to form three covalent bonds between the boron and fluorine atoms.
In this reaction, NH3 acts as the Lewis base because it donates a pair of electrons to BF3, which acts as the Lewis acid. The electron pair being donated is the lone pair on the nitrogen atom in NH3.
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What protects the earth from the sun's rays
Answers
Answer
The Ozone Layer
Explanation
Higher up, in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs solar ultra-violet radiation and affects how much of the Sun's heat is radiated back into space. The ozone layer shields us from the harmful effects of excessive UV radiation, which can lead to sunburn, skin cancer and eye damage.
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Determine the oxidation number of the sulfur atom, s, in molecule d. (note: oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur, and sulfur is more electronegative than carbon)
Answers
The oxidation number of the sulfur atom (S) in molecule D (CSO₂) is 0.
Let's assume the formula of molecule D is CSO₂.
The oxidation number of carbon (C) is +4. Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2, and since there are two oxygen atoms, the total oxidation number for oxygen is -4.
The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the charge on the molecule, which is zero since it is a neutral molecule.
So, +4 (from C) + (-4) (from O) + x (from S) = 0
Simplifying the equation, we have:
4 - 4 + x = 0
x = 0
Oxidation number, also known as oxidation state, is a concept used in chemistry to describe the charge that an atom would have in a molecule or compound. It is a way to keep track of the distribution of electrons during chemical reactions. The oxidation number of an atom is determined by assigning hypothetical charges to the atoms based on certain rules. These rules take into account the electronegativity and electron transfer patterns in the compound.
In general, the oxidation number of an atom can be positive, negative, or zero. Positive oxidation numbers indicate that an atom has lost electrons, while negative oxidation numbers indicate that an atom has gained electrons. An oxidation number of zero indicates that the atom has neither gained nor lost electrons.
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