Answers
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
you can tell if the DNA is within the nucleus in the cell then it is eukaryotic but if the DNA is free floating in the cell then it's prokaryotic
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
Only eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, which directs cellular functions and stores genetic information
Related Questions
The barometric pressure this morning was 29.9 in Hg. By the afternoon, the barometric pressure had risen to 30.5 in Hg. Which
statement best explains this change in barometric pressure?
A. There is more moisture in the air. The weather went from rainy to sunny.
B. There is less moisture in the air. The weather went from sunny to rainy.
C. There is more moisture in the air. The weather went from sunny to rainy.
D. There is less moisture in the air. The weather went from rainy to sunny.
Answers
A normal barometric pressure value falls between 29.80 and 30.20 inHg, and normal pressure is linked to stable weather.Rising or constant pressure indicates that the current conditions will persist if the value is between 29.80 and 30.20 inHg (100914.4-102268.9 Pa or 1022.689-1009.144 mb)
What is barometric pressure?
1. Lack of water.Despite what it might seem like, excessive humidity can actually hinder your body's natural cooling processes and dehydrate you.High relative humidity causes the ambient temperature to feel much hotter than it actually is. The clouds are unable to store any more water when it rains since the humidity is at 100%.Because of evaporation during rain, the relative humidity will rise.It's possible that water vapor isn't totally saturating the atmosphere where the rain is falling. When minuscule amounts of water, ice, or frozen water vapor congregate to form bulk that are too large to be supported above the earth, precipitation happens.Then they become precipitation and fall to the ground. Weather forecasting is frequently possible, although not always, based on changes in air pressure.A low-pressure area with stormy, rainy weather is headed your way, according to falling pressure.Although not usually, rising barometric pressure is a hint that the weather will soon clear and turn fair and sunny. Among other physical changes in the human body, variations in barometric pressure can cause migraine headaches, joint discomfort, arthritis symptoms, and changes in blood pressure.Some individuals have the ability to forecast weather patterns based on how their bodies react to pressure changes.This forecast graph can be useful if you want to make lifestyle or medication changes in advance and want to be aware of when the pressure will change. According to meteorologists, barometric pressure, commonly referred to as atmospheric pressure, is a precursor to bad weather.Low pressure systems are typically accompanied by colder temperatures, rain, wind, and storms. Fishermen should be aware that some fish can alter the amount of feeding they do in response to changes in barometric pressure.Fishing may therefore be avoided during moments of reduced pressure in favor of fishing just before or just after those times.To learn more about barometric pressure refer
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Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. How many electrons does an atom of oxygen need to become stable?
two
four
six
eight
Answers
Answer:
2 electrons
Explanation:
According to the octet rule, atoms must bond to each other, sharing electrons among themselves in an attempt to complete their valence shell (last layer of the electrosphere). In other words, an atom becomes stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell.
Oxygen atoms have six electrons in their valence shell, so to achieve the stability suggested by the octet rule (eight electrons), these atoms share two electrons, forming one oxygen gas (O₂) molecule.
Answer:
A. two
Explanation:
i got it right
What subjects should i choose for grade 10-12 if i want to become a molecular biologist?
Answers
To become a molecular biologist, it's important to focus on building a strong foundation in science, particularly in subjects related to biology and chemistry. Here are some recommended subjects to consider for grades 10-12:
Biology: This subject is fundamental to understanding the principles of life, including cellular structure and function, genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. It forms the basis for further specialization in molecular biology.
Chemistry: A solid understanding of chemistry is crucial for molecular biology. Topics such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry will provide a strong background for understanding the chemical processes that occur at the molecular level.
Mathematics: Strong mathematical skills are essential in many areas of science, including molecular biology. Focus on subjects like algebra, geometry, and calculus to develop problem-solving and analytical abilities.
Physics: While not directly related to molecular biology, physics provides a foundation for understanding principles of energy, forces, and motion. It can be beneficial for understanding certain aspects of molecular biology, such as biophysics or physical chemistry.
English/Language Arts: Communication skills are important for any career, including molecular biology. Developing strong reading, writing, and presentation skills will help you effectively convey scientific information and research findings.
Additionally, if your school offers advanced placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses in biology or chemistry, taking these can provide a more rigorous and in-depth understanding of the subject matter.
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Formation of enterocelous?
Answers
Enterocoelous refers to the condition in which the coelom develops from pouches "pinched" off of the digestive system, whereas Schizocoelous refers to the condition in which the body cavity is formed by the splitting of the mesoderm during embryonic development.
What procedure does the coelom of the enterocoelous and schizocoelous designs follow?Unlike Schizocoelous, where the capsule is created either by breaking the capsule or by pouches "pinched" off of the digestive tract, Enterocoelous is an illness in which the coelom originates from pouches "pinched" off of the digestive system.
A method for how certain animal embryos develop is known as schizocoelous or schizocoelic. When secondary heart cavities coeloms are created by breaking a solid mass of pair with polished nickel hardware embryonic tissue, the schizocoely process takes place.
What is the formation of the coleom for the enterocoelous and schizocoelous plan?
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Which of the following is a genre?
2
A Mary Shelley
B Science fiction
C Frankenstein
D
Fear of technology
Answers
Answer:
Science fiction is a genre
Answer: B. Science Fiction is a genre.
HELP MEEEEEEE
_____ are replacing electric wires in communications systems such
as telephone systems.
Answers
Answer:
Fiber-optic cables.
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.01 MC)
Starting with the European settlers, humans have introduced earthworms from Europe and Asia into North American forests. These introductions continue through the transport of soil that contains non-native earthworms, such as during construction and through the release of non-native earthworms used for fishing. The effects of non-native earthworms are especially large in forests that did not have any native earthworms. For example, forests of the Great Lakes region did not previously have earthworms until humans introduced them. When non-native earthworms are introduced, the thick layer of leaves, known as leaf litter, covering the ground disappears quickly, thereby altering biogeochemical cycles.
Which of the following correctly traces a nutrient pathway in a Great Lakes forest that is invaded with non-native earthworms?
trees → leaf litter → earthworm → atmosphere
leaf litter → earthworm → soil → trees
bird → earthworm → soil → trees
earthworm → fungi → leaf litter → trees
Answers
The correct trace nutrient pathway in a Great Lakes forest that is invaded with non-native earthworms is leaf litter → earthworm → soil → trees. The correct option is B.
What is a nutrient pathway?When there is an oversupply of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, and when there is a shortage of food, homeostatic mechanisms including the mobilization of internal stores via mechanisms like autophagy are triggered.
Human metabolic illnesses frequently exhibit altered nutrient-sensing mechanisms.
Therefore, the correct option is B, leaf litter → earthworm → soil → trees.
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Answer:C
Explanation:
makes sense
what would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential amino acids in his or her diet?
A. The body would synthesize the amino acids.
B. Muscle growth and repair would be limited.
C. Stored protein would break down
D. The formation of proteins would increase.
Answers
Answer:
Muscle tissue would separate to supply amino acids.
a
Explanation:
vampire bats need to eat often, and their only food is blood. when one bat is unsuccessful at gaining a meal, it returns to a communal roost where another bat is likely to give it a small amount of food. work by carter and wilkinson (2015) suggests that this arrangement meets the conditions needed for love the prisoner's dilemma kin selection reciprocity
Answers
Carter and Wilkinson (2015) suggests that this arrangement meets the conditions needed for __reciprocity____.
What is reciprocity ?
One of the fundamental principles of social psychology is the reciprocity principle, which states that we frequently give to others what we have got in return. In other words, you're likely to repay John for whatever favors he extends to you.
In a famous example of reciprocity, vampire bats feed their famished roost mates with their blood. It has since been discovered that they only share food after developing grooming relationships.
Furthermore, reciprocal food sharing happens between vampire bats who are related and those who are not, and it might be advantageous to fitness both directly and indirectly.
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(Q001) Use the fossil descriptions here and the material on p. 388 of your lab manual to answer the questions for this exercise. Note: When completing this exercise, it may be useful to refer back to Labs 10-12 for information about living primates. Mystery fossil genus A has been dated to the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Its canines were sexually dimorphic, and it had bilophodont molars. Its postcranial traits indicate that it was a terrestrial quadruped, and its overall body size was over 55 lb (25 kg). Mystery fossil genus B has been dated to the early Miocene. It is estimated that adults weighed around 2 lb (1 kg), with some sexual dimorphism possible in body weight and canine size. Which of these mystery fossils is a fossil Old World monkey
Answers
Answer:
Mistery fossil genus A belongs to the monkeys of the old world.
Explanation:
Old-World Monkeys:
Most of them are big and robustSome of them have hairless bulky structures in the posterior region of their bodies named ischiatic callosities. Their noses are pointing down and their holes are close to each other. They have semi-thumb or no thumb at all. They have plane nails.They have big brains and skulls. They spend most of their time on the ground, resting on rocks or similar places too height. However, they can also be found in trees.New-World Monkeys:
They are small-sized animalsTheir brain and skulls are small.Their nose holes are separated from each other and pointing at each side. Their thumb is developed because they have arboreal habits, so they need the thumbs to hold to the branches and move. They spend most of their time on trees. They hardly move on the floor. They also have sharp nails. They have long tails and no ischiatic callositiesMystery fossil genus A
has been dated to the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene.
Its canines were sexually dimorphic, and it had bilophodont molars.
Its postcranial traits indicate that it was a terrestrial quadruped,
and its overall body size was over 55 lb (25 kg).
Mystery fossil genus B
has been dated to the early Miocene.
It is estimated that adults weighed around 2 lb (1 kg),
with some sexual dimorphism possible in body weight and canine size.
Mistery fossil genus A belongs to the monkeys of the old world.
Select the photosynthetic molecule that gives halobacteria its unique color.
a.) Caratenoids
b.)Thylakoids
c.)Bacteriochlorophylls
d.)Bacteriorhodopsin
Answers
Answer:
Bacteriorhodopsin
Explanation:
Purple Halobacterium species owe their color to bacteriorhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein.
1. Marco's little brother is watching a TV program about the gene that causes the genetic disease hemophilia. People with this disease cannot make a protein that is needed for blood to clot. After a few minutes, he turns to Marco and asks, "what exactly is a gene, anyway?"
Which of the following BEST describes a gene?
A. A gene is a random change to an organism's DNA.
B. A gene is a structure in a cell that contains the cell's chromosomes.
C. A gene is made of DNA and contains the instructions for building proteins.
D. A gene is a protein that makes up an organism's structure and helps it function.
Answers
A gene can be described as being made up of DNA and it contains the instructions which are required for the building of the proteins.
The correct option is option C.
Genes are basically considered as the the functional units of heredity as they are basically composed of DNA, which is the nucleic acid responsible of the transmission of information from one generation to the other generation.
The chromosomes which are present in our body are basically made up of DNA which contain a number of genes. Each of the gene basically comprises of certain set of instructions which are required in order to perform a particular function or codes for some proteins.
Hence, the correct option is option C.
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How can we educate people that the three main factors of the ecological footprint are transportation, housing and food decisions?
Answers
Today's societies are immersed in a world of telecommunications, where most information reaches them through television, mobile devices, and computers, the latter two through the Internet or cellular data. Therefore, one way to make people aware of the three main factors of the ecological footprint caused by humans, namely transportation, housing, and food decisions, is through government educational programs and educational advertisements through telecommunications technologies, that explain the impact of state and inhabitants of each of these state decisions regarding transportation, housing, and food.
These programs must contain topics related to how fossil fuels affect ecosystems through greenhouse gases, how housing construction and the raw material for building construction affect natural habitats by displacing endemic species from their habitat natural, and also how agriculture or intensive fishing damages each of the ecosystems in almost irreversible ways.
We can conclude that the correct answer is:
Answer:Creating educational television programs and educational advertisements that are sent through communication technologies (electronic devices) that have information on how the three main factors of the ecological footprint caused by humans, namely transportation, housing, and food decisions affect the environment ambient. These programs and advertisements must contain topics related to how fossil fuels affect ecosystems through greenhouse gases, how housing construction and the raw materials for building construction affect natural habitats by displacing endemic species of their natural habitat, and also as intensive agriculture or fishing damages each of the ecosystems in almost irreversible ways. These programs must also contain how these ecological footprints would alter food supplies for the earth's organisms including humans, due to climate change, pollution caused by the existence of humans, the felling of trees, and intensive hunting.
2
Select the correct answer.
Respiration is a process where many chemical bonds inside the body break and release energy. This energy is used to perform various activities such
as moving muscles. Explain the energy transformation in this process.
O
A.
Chemical energy from broken bonds is transformed into mechanical energy for muscles.
B. Mechanical energy from broken bonds is transformed into chemical energy for muscles.
C. Mechanical energy from broken bonds is transformed into electrical energy for muscles.
D. Heat energy from broken bonds is transformed into electrical energy for muscles.
Reset
Next
Answers
Respiration is a process where many chemical bonds inside the body break and release energy. This energy is used to perform various activities such as moving muscles. The energy transformation in this process option A.Chemical energy from broken bonds is transformed into mechanical energy for muscles.
Respiration is a complex metabolic process that occurs within living cells and involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP. ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, and it is used to power various cellular processes, including muscle contraction.
During respiration, the chemical bonds between the atoms in glucose and other molecules are broken down through a series of enzymatic reactions. These reactions release energy in the form of ATP. ATP is a high-energy molecule that can be used to fuel a variety of cellular processes, including muscle movement.
The energy transformation that occurs during respiration involves the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy. The chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose and other molecules is released during the breakdown process and is used to generate ATP.
In summary, respiration involves the breakdown of chemical bonds in glucose and other molecules to produce ATP, which is used to power various cellular processes, including muscle contraction. The energy transformation that occurs during respiration involves the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy. The correct answer is option A.
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The flocks all started with 10 birds. Flock
✔ Y
was the most successful at feeding, so it will have the greatest number in the second generation. Flock
✔ X
was the least successful at feeding and has shrunk the most.
Answers
t is likely that the most successful flock, Flock Y, was able to provide better nutrition and care for its birds, leading to better survival rates and higher reproductive success. As a result, the offspring of Flock Y would likely have a greater chance of surviving and reproducing themselves, leading to a larger second generation.
Conversely, Flock X was the least successful at feeding, which likely led to higher mortality rates and lower reproductive success. As a result, the offspring of Flock X would likely have a lower chance of surviving and reproducing, leading to a smaller second generation.
In two to four sentences, describe how money is channeled from savers to borrowers and then to investors.
Answers
Answer:
Money is channeled through financial institutions such as banks.
Explanation:
The borrower may chose to use the funds to invest in a business venture and thus be becomes an investor. Money is channeled through financial institutions such as banks. A saver saving with a bank account seeks to keep the money in the bank as it earns him interest.
What dosage schedule is represented by the graph below?
A. One pill every hour.
B. One pill every 3 hours.
C. One pill every 5 hours.
D. One pill every 7 hours.
Answers
The graph shows that there is a peak approximately every 5 hours. This means that the medication is taken once every 5 hours, C. One pill every 5 hours.
What is dosage schedule?A dosage schedule is a plan for how often and how much of a medication to take. It is important to follow the dosage schedule exactly as prescribed by a doctor, as taking too much or too little of a medication can be dangerous.
Dosage schedules can vary depending on the medication, the patient's age and weight, and the condition being treated. Some medications are taken once a day, while others are taken multiple times a day. The dosage may also be adjusted over time, depending on how the patient is responding to the medication.
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Knowledge Check - 2
Can you identify the potentially hazardous for
(Select all that apply.)
Fish
Deli Meat
Canned Food
Pizza
Bread
Chicken
Answers
The potentially hazardous food is fish, deli meat, and chicken.
Potentially hazardous approach any food which consists in entire or in part of milk or milk merchandise, eggs, meat, rooster, rice, fish, shellfish, suitable for eating crustacean, uncooked-seed sprouts, warmness-treated veggies and vegetable merchandise and other components in a form able to assisting rapid and progressive boom
Foodborne infection can bring about severe vomiting, diarrhea, and belly pain, amongst other signs. primary sorts of meals poisoning that could end result from consuming raw or undercooked fish and shellfish include Salmonella and Vibrio vulnificus
Food safety organizations use the term potentially hazardous food to categorize foods that require time-temperature discipline to prevent them safe for human ingestion. The doubtlessly risky method that because of the characteristics of the material or the techniques or device used, a large capacity for an accident or harm to arise exists.
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A large number of prairie dogs move into the ecosystem.
Answers
Answer:
can u explain to more
Explanation:
Pls helpppppp!!!!!!!!!! will give brainliest!!!!!!!!!!!
What are the three most common classes in phylum Mollusca? Give two animal examples for each class.
Answers
I'm here to help
the three most common class in phylum mollusca are the gastropods, cephalopods and scaphopods.
Gastropods (stomach foot)=periwinkles and sea slugs.
Cephalopods (head foot)=octopus and squid.
Scaphopods (boat foot)=tooth and tusk shells
Answer:
Three of the most common classes in the phylum Mollusca are:
Gastropoda: Snails and Slugs
Bivalvia: Oysters, Clams, and Scallops
Cephalopoda: Squids, Octopuses, Nautiluses, And Cuttlefish
Explanation:
I got my information from my class reading materials, hope this helps!
Which of the following had the biggest impact on species growth and diversity?
Answers
5. Have you ever noticed that the shapes
of the continents roughly fit together,
like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle? Based
on what you have learned about plate
tectonics, explain how it's possible that
the continental land masses were once
joined together but are separate now.
Answers
Comparable sorts of plants and animals have been discovered in rocks of a similar age on the beaches of separate continents, implying that the continents were formerly linked. Fossils of Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile, have been discovered in both Brazil and western Africa.
Plate tectonics is the hypothesis that the land masses on Earth are constantly moving. Alfred Wegener proposed the concept of continental drift, or the movement of Earth's land masses.Wegener proposed that the continents shifted toward and away from each other due to the Earth's rotation. Plates are constantly moving and reacting in a process known as plate tectonics.Mountains rise where plates press together, or converge, whereas continents fracture and seas form where plates pull apart, or diverge. The continents are embedded in the plates and drift passively with them over millions of years, resulting in profound changes in Earth's geography.Thus this is the meaning of Plate tectonic.
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Which statement is true about Jupiter
Answers
A radio has a resistance of 175 ohms, with a current flowing through it of 700mA. What is the potential difference?
Answers
The potential difference (voltage) across the radio is 122.5 volts.
How to calculate the potential difference voltage across the radio?First we can use Ohm's law, which states that voltage (V) is equal to the product of current (I) and resistance (R):
V = I x R
In this case, the resistance of the radio is given as 175 ohms, and the current flowing through it is 700 milliamps, or 0.7 amps.
We can plug these values into the equation to get:
V = 0.7 A x 175 Ω = 122.5 volts
Therefore, the potential difference (voltage) across the radio is 122.5 volts.
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A protein has 100 peptide bonds. How many amino acids does it have? Name the four elements found in amino acid.
Answers
Answer:
twenty amino acids
Explanation:
and
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen, for the second question
from outermost to innermost layers, the wall of the eye consists of these three layers. from outermost to innermost layers, the wall of the eye consists of these three layers. fibrous, vascular, sensory fibrous, sensory, vascular sensory, vascular, fibrous vascular, fibrous, sensory
Answers
The eye's wall is composed oft Three layers, starting with the outer layer, which is made up of the cornea and sclera.
the intermediate layer, which is made up of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. the retina is located in the inner layer.
Fibrous - a kind of tissue that is mostly composed of fibroblasts, which are cells, and collagen, a strong protein fiber. Bones, muscles, and other tissues and organs are held in place by fibrous connective tissue, which also supports and protects them.
vascular -The blood and lymphatic vessels that circulate through the body make up the vascular system, also known as the circulatory system. The arteries and veins transport blood throughout the body, providing the tissues with oxygen and nutrition and removing waste products from the cells.
sensory - Any activities that aid your child in learning about and gaining a deeper understanding of the world through their five senses are considered sensory experiences.
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Think about the ecosystem that you live in. Write a response below describing it in complete sentences. Use each of these terms correctly in your description: community . population • ecosystem . individual .biotic abiotic
Answers
Answer:
Within an ecosystem, we can identify different levels of organization, such as individuals, populations, communities, and the overall ecosystem.
Explanation:
An individual refers to a single organism, such as a plant or an animal, living within the ecosystem. For example, a squirrel or a tree in your ecosystem would be considered individuals.
Populations are groups of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another. For instance, if there is a group of squirrels living in your ecosystem, we can refer to them as a population of squirrels.
Communities include all the populations of different species living together in a specific area. In your ecosystem, there might be various populations, such as squirrels, birds, insects, and plants, interacting and coexisting with one another. Together, they form a community of different organisms.
The ecosystem encompasses both the living organisms (biotic factors) and the non-living components (abiotic factors) in a given area. The abiotic factors include things like sunlight, temperature, water, soil, and air. They influence the distribution and behavior of the organisms within the ecosystem. For example, the availability of sunlight and the temperature range in your ecosystem will affect the growth of plants and the activities of animals.
An ecosystem consists of the interactions between abiotic and biotic components in a specific area. Abiotic components include non-living factors like water, air, sunlight, temperature, and soil, while biotic components include living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes.
Populations of different species of plants, animals, and microbes make up the biotic components of an ecosystem. Each individual organism, whether a plant, animal, or microbe, interacts with its biotic and abiotic surroundings. The community of different species of organisms in an ecosystem all interact with each other to obtain food, shelter, or other necessary resources.
Some species form mutualistic relationships, while others may be in competition with each other for resources. Therefore, the ecosystem that we live in is the local community of living organisms interacting with the abiotic environment. These interactions between abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem result in complex and dynamic ecosystems that can change over time.
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What conclusion was Bob able to draw about minerals after reading this chart provided by
his physician?
A. Minerals found in healthy foods help the body to function properly.
B. Minerals are more important to the body than vitamins.
C. A vegetarian diet may be deficient in minerals.
D. Multivitamins are necessary in order to provide the body with minerals.
E. Adults need minerals in their diet more than do children.
Answers
Conclusion that Bob was able to draw about minerals after reading the chart provided by his physician : A.) Minerals found in healthy foods help the body to function properly.
How are minerals important for body?Minerals are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids inside and outside cells and turning the food you eat into energy. Mineral deficiencies can lead to variety of health problems such as weak bones, fatigue, or decreased immune system.
Minerals help maintain acid-base balance to keep body pH neutral and help regulate body processes, such as in enzyme systems. Minerals also function in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
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When the carbohydrate cellobiose is digested into two glucose monosaccharide sugars (by cellulase in certain fungal species), the resulting glucose monomers are properly defined as: A. the catalysts
B. the substrates
C. the enzymes
D. the reactants
E. the products
Answers
When the carbohydrate cellobiose is digested into two glucose monosaccharide sugars (by cellulase in certain fungal species), the resulting glucose monomers are properly defined as the products
The correct answer is option E.
When the carbohydrate cellobiose is digested into two glucose monosaccharide sugars by cellulase in certain fungal species, the resulting glucose monomers are properly defined as the products.
In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting materials or substances that undergo a change, while products are the resulting substances formed after the reaction. In this case, cellobiose is the substrate, which is the molecule that undergoes the enzymatic reaction. Cellulase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the digestion of cellobiose into glucose monomers.
The enzyme cellulase acts as a catalyst in the reaction, facilitating the breakdown of cellobiose into glucose. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or permanently changed themselves. However, in the context of the given question, the glucose monomers produced are the final result or product of the enzymatic digestion process.
Therefore, in the digestion of cellobiose, the resulting glucose monomers are correctly identified as the products (option E).
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Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below:
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype
Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
Required:
a. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates.
b. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates.
c. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
Answers
Complete question
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below (numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
Field Data Summary
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
1. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates. [to 3 decimal places]
2. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates. (to 3 decimal places)
3. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
4. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate. (to 3 decimals). For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
5. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage? Use data collected from both dark-colored and light- colored substrates to support your answer.
6.What environmental change gave a selective advantage for one coat color over another?
7. In a separate study, 76 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Arizona. The other three were in New Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three New Mexico locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Arizona population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 76 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
8. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years.
Answer:
1)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.74 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.262)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.873)
p² ≅ 0.02 q² ≅ 0.74 2pq ≅ 0.244)
q² = 0.13 p² = 0.4 2pq = 0.465) The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage
6) Dark lava changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.
7) Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color.
8) To see if the mice population is evolving. If it is, there will be a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years. If it is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files