A reaction must be spontaneous if its occurrence is (1) endothermic with an increase in entropy (2) endothermic with a decrease in entropy (3) exothermic with an increase in entropy (4) exothermic with a decrease in entropy

 The correctly identified subatomic particle with its charge is  

The British physicist James Chadwick made the neutron discovery in 1932.

Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles that are a part of every atomic nucleus, except the exception of regular hydrogen. Its rest mass of 1.67927980 10-27 Kg is slightly larger than a proton but 1838.68 times greater than an electron. It has no electricity charge. The dense inner core of the atom is where protons and neutrons, collectively referred to as nucleons, are linked together and account for 99.9% of the mass of the atom.

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The conclusion about the rates of the rotting reaction from the table would be that the reaction occurs more quickly when the concentration of salt is higher—option B.

The rate of reaction, or reaction rate, is the time it takes for a reaction to occur. In other words, it is the time it takes for the reactants of a reaction to become products.

In this case, the reactant is the rope and the product is the rotten product of the rope. From the table, it took 10 years for the rope to decay in a lake. On the other hand, it took the same rope just 4 years to decay in an ocean.

The difference between the two water bodies is the presence of salt. The lake has almost zero salt while the conentration of salt in the ocean water is high.

Thus, the conclusion about the rate of rotting reaction would be that the reaction is hastened by the presence of salt in the ocean water.

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The a. Based on the fractional composition diagram, the acid in question appears to be acetic acid. The basis of this choice is the pika value indicated on the diagram, which matches the pika value of acetic acid (pika = 4.76).

The shape of the diagram corresponds to the expected pattern for a weak acid, with most of the acid molecules existing in their undissociated form at low pH values and a sharp increase in the proportion of dissociated acid molecules at a pH just above the pika value. b. The titration curve for a 0.10 M solution of acetic acid titrated with 0.10 M NaOH would begin with a gradual increase in pH as the added base reacts with the small proportion of dissociated acid molecules present in the solution. This initial stage is known as the buffering region and is characterized by a slow change in pH despite the addition of more base. At this point, the pH will rapidly increase due to the presence of excess hydroxide ions. The pH at the equivalence point can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which relates the pH, pika, and the ratio of the concentrations of acid and conjugate base. In the case of acetic acid titrated with NaOH, the pH at the equivalence point would be around 8.8.

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Answer:

There are 122.1982401 moles of  H2O in \(7.36*10^{25}\)  molecules of H2O

Explanation:

We know,

\(6.023*10^{23}\)  molecules of H2O contains 1 mole H2O

            1      molecules of H2O contains \(\frac{1}{6.023*10^{23}}\)  mole H2O

∴ \(7.36*10^{25}\) molecules of H2O contains \(\frac{1}{6.023*10^{23}}*(7.36*10^{25})\) moles of H2O

                                                               = 122.1982401 moles of  H2O

∴ There are 122.1982401 moles of  H2O in \(7.36*10^{25}\)  molecules of H2O

Answer:

\(Precision = 2.70 \± 0.1\ cm\)

Explanation:

Given

The data in the table

Required

Follow the steps appended to the question;

Step 1: Calculate the Mean or Average

Mean = Summation of lengths divided by number of teams;

\(Mean = \frac{2.65 + 2.75 + 2.80 + 2.77 + 2.60 + 2.65 + 2.68}{7}\ cm\)

\(Mean = \frac{18.9}{7}\ cm\)

\(Mean = 2.70\ cm\)

Step 2: Get The Range

\(Range = Highest - Lowest\)

\(Range = 2.80cm - 2.60cm\)

\(Range = 0.2\ cm\)

Step 3: Divide Range by 2

\(Approximate\ Range = \frac{1}{2}Range\)

\(Approximate\ Range = \frac{1}{2} * 0.2\ cm\)

\(Approximate\ Range = 0.1\ cm\)

Step 4: Determine the Precision

\(Precision = Average \± Approximate\ Range\)

Substitute 2.70 for Average and 0.1 for Approximate Range

\(Precision = 2.70 \± 0.1\ cm\)

When solids melts to form liquids by applying heat, the closely packed particles of the solid gets apart and the intermolecular force of attraction weakens. Thus, they starts to flow.

Melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid state converts to liquids state where the two states are in equilibrium. In solid state, the particles are closely packed by the strong intermolecular force of attraction.

In liquid state, the force of attraction between  the particles is less than that in solids and they have some space in between to move apart. Therefore they don't have definite shape and will flow.

When solids are heated to the melting point, the particles inside acquires heat energy to move apart and starts to melt finally forms their liquid state.

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Answer:

1. physical change

2. chemical change

3. physical change

4. physical change

5. physical change

6. chemical change

7. chemical change?

8. physical change

1. chemical property

2. physical property

3. chemical property

4. physical property

5. chemical property

6. chemical property

7. physical property

8. physical property

9. chemical property

10. physical property

11. chemical property

12. chemical property

13. physical property

Explanation:

The oxidation numbers are: \(C^4^+ N^-^3 Zn^2^+ N^3^+ Li^+ Fe^2^+ and Fe^3^+\)

In H₂CO₃, the oxidation number of C is +4 because oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 and hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1.

In N₂, the oxidation number of N is 0 since it is a diatomic molecule.

In Zn(OH)₄²⁻, the oxidation number of Zn is +2 since the overall charge of the complex ion is -2.

In NO₂⁻, the oxidation number of N is +3 because oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 and the overall charge of the ion is -1.

In LiH, the oxidation number of Li is +1 since hydrogen has an oxidation number of -1.

In Fe₃O₄, the oxidation number of Fe is both +2 and +3. In this compound, two of the iron atoms have an oxidation number of +2, and one of the iron atoms has an oxidation number of +3.

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Answer:

The average atomic mass of an element is calculated by taking the weighted average of the atomic masses of its stable isotopes.

In other words, each stable isotope will contribute to the average mass of the element proportionally to its abundance.

avg. atomic mass

=

∑

i

(

isotope

i

×

abundance

i

)

Explanation:

The chemical formula you provided is a representation of the molecule hexanethiol (C6H14S), which contains a chain of six carbon atoms with an SH group attached to the fifth carbon atom and two CH2CH3 groups attached to the second and sixth carbon atoms.

Hexanethiol is a colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor and is commonly used as a reagent in organic chemistry.

It seems like you're describing a molecule with a specific structure. Based on the information provided, the molecule can be represented as follows:
CH3CH2C(CH2CH3)C(SH)CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3

This molecule has a main carbon chain of 7 carbons (heptane) with two CH2CH3 (ethyl) groups and an SH (thiol) group attached to different carbon atoms along the chain.

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Answer:

the reactants are na and cl2 the products is the combination nacl --the law of conservation of matter keeps reactions balanced. No you would not be adding more atoms that is what the first combo is.  The coefficient 2 stands for 2 atoms of KL

Explanation:

The pair of amino acids that can form a salt bridge at physiological pH is aspartic acid and histidine. Hence the correct option is (A).

A salt bridge is formed when the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) of one amino acid donates a proton (H+) to the amino group (-NH2) of another amino acid, which becomes positively charged. This creates an electrostatic attraction between the positively charged amino acid and the negatively charged carboxylate ion of the other amino acid. At physiological pH (around 7.4), the carboxylic acid group of aspartic acid (Asp) is deprotonated and has a negative charge, while the amino group of histidine (His) is protonated and has a positive charge. Therefore, Asp and His can form a salt bridge through electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged carboxylate group of Asp and the positively charged amino group of His. The other pairs of amino acids listed do not form salt bridges at physiological pH for the following reasons:

(B) Glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) both have negatively charged carboxylate groups at physiological pH, so they repel each other and do not form salt bridges.

(C) Two cysteines (Cys) can form a disulfide bond through the oxidation of their sulfur-containing side chains, but they do not form salt bridges.

(D) Arginine (Arg) has a positively charged guanidino group at physiological pH, while tyrosine (Tyr) has a neutral hydroxyl group. They do not have complementary charges to form a salt bridge.

(E) Lysine (Lys) has a positively charged amino group, while glutamic acid (Glu) has a negatively charged carboxylate group. They have complementary charges to form a salt bridge, but the pH is too low for Glu to be deprotonated and have a negative charge. Therefore, they do not form a salt bridge at physiological pH.

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Question - Which of the pairs of amino acids can form a salt bridge at physiological pH? Select from the following options:-

(A) aspartic acid and histidine

(B) glutamic acid and aspartic acid

(C) two cysteines

(D) arginine and tyrosine

(E) lysine and glutamic acid

Answer:

i think so

Explanation:

yes

The third quantum number (m_l) of a 3s² electron in phosphorus is 0.

The third quantum number, denoted as m_l, represents the magnetic quantum number and describes the orientation of an orbital within a subshell. It can have integer values ranging from -l to +l, where l is the azimuthal quantum number.

In the electron configuration of phosphorus, we see that the 3s subshell is being filled. The azimuthal quantum number (l) for the 3s subshell is 0. Since the electron is in the 3s² subshell, there are two electrons present in the 3s orbital.

For the two electrons in the 3s orbital, they will have opposite spins due to the Pauli exclusion principle. However, the magnetic quantum number (m_l) for both electrons in the 3s orbital will be the same, which is 0.

Therefore, the third quantum number (m_l) of a 3s² electron in phosphorus is 0. This means that both electrons in the 3s orbital have the same orientation within the subshell.

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The percent yield of isopentyl acetate is 71.23% when reacting 4.4 ml f acetic acid with 3.35 ml of isopentyl alcohol

Percentage yield can be defined as the ratio of the actual yield of a reaction to the theoretical yield of a reaction, multiplied by 100.

The percentage yield is calculated as follows:

Given data:

Volume of acetic acid used = 4.40 ml

Volume of isopentyl alcohol used = 3.35 ml

Volume of isopentyl acetate obtained = 3.25 ml

Density of acetic acid = 1.049 g/mL and its molar mass = 60.05 g/mol

Density of isopentyl alcohol = 0.809 g/mL and its molar mass = 88.15 g/mol

Density of isopentyl acetate = 0.876 g/mL and its molar mass = 130.19 g/mol

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

C5H11OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC5H11 + H2O

First, we need to determine which reactant is the limiting reactant. We can do this by calculating the number of moles of each reactant:

The mole ratio of acetic acid to isopentyl alcohol in the reaction is 1:1, so the limiting reactant is isopentyl alcohol because there are fewer moles of it.

The theoretical yield of isopentyl acetate can be calculated from the number of moles of limiting reactant:

Now we can calculate the percent yield:

The actual yield is given as 3.25 mL of isopentyl acetate, but we need to convert this to moles:

Therefore, the percent yield of isopentyl acetate is 71.23%.

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The Solvay method has two main issues, which are:

1. \(Ca\) calcium chloride disposal:

2. Limited supplies of raw materials

In the Solvay process, sodium carbonate (\(Na_2CO_3\)) is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions involving ammonia, carbon dioxide, and sodium chloride. The main chemical equations for these reactions are:

1. Formation of ammonium chloride:
\(NH_3\)+ \(HCl\) → \(NH_4Cl\)

2. Formation of ammonium bicarbonate:
\(NH_3\) + \(H_2O + CO_2\) → \(NH_4HCO_3\)

3. Formation of sodium bicarbonate (precipitation):
\(NH_4HCO_3\) + \(NaCl\) → \(NaHCO_3\) + \(NH_4Cl\)

4. Formation of sodium carbonate (by heating sodium bicarbonate):
\(2NaHCO_3\) → \(Na_2CO_3\) +\(H_2O\) + \(CO_2\)

The two major problems with the Solvay process are:

1. Disposal of byproduct calcium chloride: The Solvay process generates a significant amount of calcium chloride  as a byproduct, which requires proper disposal or use. The accumulation and disposal of this waste can lead to environmental concerns.

2. Limited raw material sources: The Solvay process requires high-purity raw materials, specifically sodium chloride and limestone (calcium carbonate). The availability and quality of these raw materials can limit the scalability and efficiency of the process.

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Answer:

The procedure for obtaining an organic solid in pure crystalline form involves several steps:Solubility Test: The solubility of the organic solid is tested in different solvents to find the best solvent for recrystallization.Dissolving the Solid: The organic solid is dissolved in the chosen solvent by heating it to boiling point with stirring. If necessary, the solvent can be filtered to remove impurities.Filtering the Solution: The hot solution is then filtered to remove any insoluble impurities or undissolved solid particles.Cooling the Solution: The hot filtrate is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the organic compound decreases, and it starts to crystallize out.Collecting the Crystals: Once the crystallization is complete, the crystals are collected by filtration.Washing the Crystals: The crystals are washed with a small amount of cold solvent to remove any adhering impurities.Drying the Crystals: The purified crystals are then dried in a vacuum oven or under reduced pressure to remove any remaining solvent.The final product obtained is a pure, crystalline form of the organic solid. The purity of the product can be verified using techniques such as melting point determination or thin-layer chromatography.:

The partial pressure of nitrogen in the container is 0.498 atm.

To find the partial pressure of nitrogen, we need to use the mole fraction of nitrogen in the container.

First, we need to find the total number of moles of gas in the container:

n_total = (28.0 g N2 / 28.0134 g/mol) + (40.0 g Ar / 39.948 g/mol) + (36.0 g H2O / 18.0153 g/mol)
n_total = 0.998 mol N2 + 1.001 mol Ar + 1.998 mol H2O
n_total = 3.997 mol total

Next, we can find the mole fraction of nitrogen:

X_N2 = n_N2 / n_total
X_N2 = 0.998 mol N2 / 3.997 mol total
X_N2 = 0.249

Finally, we can find the partial pressure of nitrogen using the total pressure:

P_N2 = X_N2 * P_total
P_N2 = 0.249 * 2.0 atm
P_N2 = 0.498 atm

Therefore, the partial pressure of nitrogen in the container is 0.498 atm.

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There are four electron groups around the central carbon atom in a molecule of methane (CH4). These groups are made up of a single carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. The four electron groups are arranged in a tetrahedral shape around the carbon atom.

The molecule of methane is tetrahedral because it consists of four carbon atoms bonded to each other in a tetrahedral shape. The tetrahedral shape is the most stable shape for a molecule of methane because it minimizes the amount of strain on the bonds between the carbon atoms. The four carbon atoms in methane are arranged in a symmetrical fashion, which allows the molecule to rotate freely about the central carbon atom. This freedom of rotation allows the molecule to adopt different shapes, which is why methane is a gas at room temperature.

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An element with three valence electrons has an effective nuclear charge of 2.

Eight elements make up the third period: silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. The first two, sodium and magnesium, are found in the periodic table's s-block, while the remaining elements are found in the p-block.

The third period elements are also known as typical elements or representative elements since they accurately reflect the characteristics of their own group without any aberrations. Eight elements make up the third period, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon.

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Magnesium (Mg) is more active than calcium (Ca) in Group IIA of the periodic table.The Group IIA metal that is more active between calcium and magnesium is magnesium (Mg).

Magnesium is a chemical element with the atomic number of 12 and symbol Mg. It belongs to the Group IIA alkaline earth metals in the periodic table.

Calcium and magnesium are two of the five elements in Group IIA of the periodic table that have the most outstanding chemical properties that are critical to life.Magnesium has a strong reducing effect.

Calcium is less active than magnesium because it is harder to reduce its noble gas configuration to 0, making it less electropositive and less reactive.

Magnesium, on the other hand, has a smaller radius than calcium and is more electronegative, allowing it to lose two electrons to form an Mg2+ cation with ease.

Therefore, magnesium (Mg) is more active than calcium (Ca) in Group IIA of the periodic table.

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Vessel B has more mass. Explanation: Because temperature and average kinetic energy of molecules are directly proportional to each other.

The average kinetic energy of a substance's particles is directly inversely correlated with its temperature. As the temperature increases, the particles must travel more quickly because their mass remains constant.

The relationship between a gas particle's average kinetic energy and temperature is linear. The pace at which the gas molecules flow rises with temperature. At a specific temperature, the average kinetic energy of all gases is identical.

Molecules of gas move more quickly when they are lighter. Because of this, as the gas's temperature rises, its volume also does so. The more gas particles there are, the more likely it is that they will hit the container's walls, hence the frequency of collisions must rise.

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A title, introduction, materials, methods, findings, discussion, and conclusion should be included in a lab report for this lesson's experiment. The experiment should be described briefly in the title, such as "Determining the Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Enzyme Activity."

The methods section should include a full account of how the experiment was carried out, including any calculations that were used. All collected data, such as tables or graphs,  methods of using the tacts should be included in the results section.

The discussion section should describe the findings and compare them to the Expected findings must be provided, as well as an explanation for any unexpected results. The conclusion should summarise the findings and respond to the initial hypothesis. Finally, any relevant references should be included in the report.  

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Answer:

19.3 g/cm3

Explanation:

plz give branliest

Answer:

Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion and have energy

Explanation:

Answer:

That would be false.

Explanation:

Metal can be burned by fire but it can withstand water and other things not related to heat

The nucleus of 1H is made up of a single proton and therefore has a relative mass loss of 0 g/mol. The deuterium isotope, 2H, on the other hand, has a relative mass loss of 2.014 g/mol. The mass number of 2H is two, indicating that it has one neutron and one proton in its nucleus. Let's look at some additional detail about isotopes: A given element has the same number of protons, but it can have different numbers of neutrons in its nucleus.

A different isotope of the same element is formed by adding or subtracting neutrons from the nucleus. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. The atomic mass of an element is calculated by summing the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The atomic mass unit (amu) is the unit used to calculate atomic mass. In conclusion, The relative atomic mass of 2H is 2.014 g/mol, which is a loss of 0.014 g/mol relative to the mass of 2 protons. The relative mass loss of deuterium, 2H, is 0.014 g/mol.

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The freezing point of the solution is -3.53°C.

The Chemical equation of the HBr is -

              HBr → H⁺ + Br ⁻

Initial -     1         0      0

Final -      1-α     α       α

The total moles = 1 - α + α + α

                          = 1 + α

half factor = i = Total mol / Initial mol

                      = 1 + α / 1

                      = 1 + α

Now, Evolution in freezing point

                         ΔT f = i Kf m

                          kf = 1.86                                                (given)

   m(molality = mass of solute / solvent (Kg))

                        Δ T f  = (1 + α) × 1.86 × (mass/molar mass ) / solvent

   [ α = 90/100 = 0.9 because 90% ionised]

  putting the values in above equation -

                           = (1 + 0.9) × 1.86 × (8.1 × 1000) / 81 × 100(gm)

                              ΔT = 3.53°C

    Then freezing point T f =  T° f - ΔT

                            = 0 - 3.53°C

                           T f = -3.53°C

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Complete Question -

What is the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g HBr in 100gm. water assuming the acid to be 90% ionised:

[Kf for water =1.86Kmolarity^−1 ]