A chunk of zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid. If the chunk of zinc was turned into powdered zinc, what would happen to the reaction

The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that the carbon atom has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

Since carbon has an atomic number of 6, this indicates that there are a total of 6 electrons in the carbon atom. Its electrical configuration can be expressed as 2,4 in a straightforward manner. This indicates that there are 4 electrons in the outermost shell. In order to achieve a stable electrical state, carbon follows the octet rule and makes four covalent bonds with other atoms. As a result, carbon is tetravalent (it has a valency of four) and can create four covalent connections with both other atoms and carbon atoms. This is referred to as carbon's tetravalency. Carbon has the singular ability to generate extremely potent covalent bonds, which makes carbon molecules exceptionally durable in nature.

Catenation is the term used to describe the capacity of carbon to make covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. This characteristic allows carbon to build lengthy, branching, straight, and cyclic chains. With other carbon atoms, carbon can create single, double, and triple covalent bonds.

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Answer:

P₂ = 1.5 atm

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume = 270 cm³

Initial pressure = 1atm

Final volume = 180 cm³

Final pressure = ?

Solution:

The given problem will be solved through the Boyle's law,

"The volume of given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure by keeping the temperature and number of moles constant"

Mathematical expression:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁ = Initial pressure

V₁ = initial volume

P₂ = final pressure

V₂ = final volume  

Now we will put the values in formula,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

1 atm × 270 cm³= P₂ × 180cm³

P₂ = 270 atm.  cm³/ 180cm³

P₂ = 1.5 atm

The arrangement of the elements from smallest atomic radius to largest atomic radius is S < Se < Na < K

The atomic radius of an element is a measure of the size of the atom of an element.

The atomic radius of an element is calculated as one-half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms of the element. Atomic radius is one of the properties of an atom that show periodicity.

The periodicity of elements is the regular variation of the properties of an element across a period and down a group.

The atomic radius of atoms of elements increases down the group and decreases across a period.

Considering the atomic radius of the given element:

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The given statement " William Aston created the mass spectrograph to analyze and separated them, found 218 and found mass and percent abundance of each atoms" is false.

The mass spectrograph was not invented by William Aston. It was actually invented by J.J. Thomson in the early 20th century.

J.J. Thomson's work with the mass spectrograph led to the discovery of isotopes, which are different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have different masses, and the mass spectrograph allowed scientists to separate and analyze them based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

The process of using a mass spectrograph to determine the mass and percent abundance of isotopes is known as mass spectrometry. It involves ionizing a sample, separating the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting the ions to determine their abundance.

The completed question is given as,

State true or false

William Aston created the mass spectrograph to analyze and separated them, found 218 and found mass and percent abundance of each atoms.

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Answer:

•landslide

Explanation:

Landslides are exceptionally destructive. Homes may be destroyed as hillsides collapse. Landslides can even bury entire villages. Landslides may create lakes when the rocky material dams a stream.

The type of mass movement is the most destructive landslide.

Several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as shallow or deep-seated slope failures, rockfalls, mudflows, and debris flows are known as landslips or landslide.

Sometimes more than one type of movement occurs within a single landslide, and analysis of each requires detailed interpretation of landforms and geological sections.

Landslides are exceptionally destructive. Homes may be destroyed as hillsides collapse. Landslides can even bury entire villages. Landslides may create lakes when the rocky material dams a stream.

There are measures that can be taken to reduce the potential for a landslide to occur, such as steep slope reinforcement, installing structures using pile foundations and checking surface drainage. The easiest way to prevent a landslide is to avoid building in areas that are – or might become – prone to landslides.

Given options are-

creep

erosion

landslide

slump

Therefore, The type of mass movement is the most destructive landslide.

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Answer:

The dog ate the bone hiding under the shady tree.

Explanation:

The best observation is that the dog ate the bone hiding under the shady tree. This is because it provides the most graphic details about the position and activities of the dog.

Answer:

The dog ate the bone hiding under the shady tree.

Explanation:

It has the most detail :)

The molecular formula of the compound CH2 with molar mass = 42.0 g/mol is C₃H₆. Therefore, option D is correct.

The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are grams per mole, abbreviated as g/mol.

First, let's find the molar mass of CH₂.

The molar mass CH₂= 12.0 + (2 x 1.01)

= 14.02 g/mol

Now to determine the molecular formula, we need to find the ratio based in the molar masses.

42 / 14.02

= 2.99

≅ 3

Therefore, the ratio is 3, the molecular formula is C₃H₆.

Thus, option D is correct.

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Answer: This lab's goal is to investigate the absorbance patterns created by recently discovered moons and planets.

The first moon consists of Lithium and carbon, the second moon consists of sodium and nitrogen. Moving onto the planets, the first planet consists of hydrogen and carbon, and lastly, the second planet is consistent with helium and carbon.

How to explain the lab report

The theory was right; there have been no flaws in the outcome. The astronomical item observed by the spectrometer is the independent variable. The spectrum of any astronomical object is the dependent variable.

Space consists of bodies with different types of the electromagnetic spectrum. This includes high-energy bodies emitting radiation in short wavelengths and extremely short wavelengths such as in UV spectrum, X rays, and gamma rays. Conversely, other bodies might be emitting radiations in the longer wavelengths such as Microwaves and Radio waves.

The element missing from the moons and the planets would be Oxygen. It is to be remembered that Oxygen forms the base of the sustenance of life forms on Earth and forms an indispensable part of the carbon cycle. In the absence of oxygen, these planets and moons remain lifeless.

Stars emit heat and light. Along with the heat and light, radiations are emitted by the star. These radiations travel outward from stars and work as the signature of the stars. By analyzing the radiations from the stars, scientists back on Earth could deduce the physical conditions in the heart of a star including its constitution, temperature, and surface conditions.

The knowledge of the constitution of the elements making up the moon or planet is necessary to ascertain the life-sustaining capability of the same.

Answer: This lab's goal is to investigate the absorbance patterns created by recently discovered moons and planets.

The first moon consists of Lithium and carbon, the second moon consists of sodium and nitrogen. Moving onto the planets, the first planet consists of hydrogen and carbon, and lastly, the second planet is consistent with helium and carbon.

How to explain the lab report

The theory was right; there have been no flaws in the outcome. The astronomical item observed by the spectrometer is the independent variable. The spectrum of any astronomical object is the dependent variable.

Space consists of bodies with different types of the electromagnetic spectrum. This includes high-energy bodies emitting radiation in short wavelengths and extremely short wavelengths such as in UV spectrum, X rays, and gamma rays. Conversely, other bodies might be emitting radiations in the longer wavelengths such as Microwaves and Radio waves.

The element missing from the moons and the planets would be Oxygen. It is to be remembered that Oxygen forms the base of the sustenance of life forms on Earth and forms an indispensable part of the carbon cycle. In the absence of oxygen, these planets and moons remain lifeless.

Stars emit heat and light. Along with the heat and light, radiations are emitted by the star. These radiations travel outward from stars and work as the signature of the stars. By analyzing the radiations from the stars, scientists back on Earth could deduce the physical conditions in the heart of a star including its constitution, temperature, and surface conditions.

The knowledge of the constitution of the elements making up the moon or planet is necessary to ascertain the life-sustaining capability of the same.

The value of Delta G for the reaction is -322.62 kJ.

To determine the value of Delta G for the reaction, we need to use the equation;

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

where ΔH will be the change in enthalpy, T will be the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is change in entropy.

Balanced chemical equation for the reaction is;

H₂O(g) + H₂(g) + 1/2O₂(g) → H₂O(l)

The standard enthalpy change of formation (ΔH°f) for H₂O(l) is -285.83 kJ/mol. The standard enthalpy change of formation for H₂(g) is 0 kJ/mol, and for O₂(g) it is 0 kJ/mol. Therefore, the change in enthalpy for the reaction can be calculated as;

ΔH = [1 mol x (-285.83 kJ/mol)] - [1 mol x 0 kJ/mol + 1 mol x 0 kJ/mol] = -285.83 kJ

The change in entropy for the reaction can be calculated using the standard molar entropies of the reactants and products. The standard molar entropy of H₂O(g) is 188.7 J/mol∙K, the standard molar entropy of H₂(g) is 130.6 J/mol∙K, and the standard molar entropy of O₂(g) is 205.0 J/mol∙K. Therefore, the change in entropy for the reaction can be calculated as;

ΔS = [1 mol x (188.7 J/mol∙K + 130.6 J/mol∙K + 1/2 x 205.0 J/mol∙K)] - [1 mol x (188.7 J/mol∙K)] = 128.95 J/K

Assuming standard conditions (298 K and 1 atm), we can calculate the value of ΔG;

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = (-285.83 kJ) - (298 K)(0.12895 kJ/K)

= -322.62 kJ

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Answer: genotype: Ee phenotype: two small eyes.

genotype: RR'  phenotype: pink eyes

genotype: GB phenotype: green and blue splotches

genotype: cc phenotype:  straight

genotype: Tt phenotype:  has tail

genotype: Ss phenotype: sharp teeth

genotype: FF' phenotype: three toes

genotype: ww phenotype: white

genotype: YY phenotype: pointy

genotype: nn phenotype: two ears

genotype: Ll phenotype: long

Explanation: hope this helps (the uppercase letters are dominant genes. the lowercase letter are recessive genes. for a recessive gene to show up in a phenotype you need 2 lower case letters such as cc or ss. for a dominant gene to show up in phenotype you need either 1 or 2 uppercase letters such as Cc or SS. Codominant genes present both colors in the phenotypes i.e. a brown and white cow. incomplete dominance is when neither gene is dominant so a mix of the 2 are present in the phenotype i.e. a pink rose. A regulatory gene controls the expression of a gene

Answer:

75.6

Explanation:

756x0.1=75.6

1 d =hm=0.1

Answer:

d

Explanation:

i did this b4

The electronic configuration of the element Sb (antimony) can be determined by referring to the periodic table. Antimony has an atomic number of 51, which means it has 51 electrons.

Writing out the electronic configuration using superscript with the orbital:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

Writing out the electronic configuration using noble gas notation:

[Noble Gas] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

The noble gas notation allows us to use the symbol of the noble gas element that comes before the element of interest in the periodic table. In the case of Sb, the noble gas that comes before it is Kr (krypton), which has the electronic configuration [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰. Therefore, we can replace [Kr] with its electronic configuration and continue with the remaining electrons.

Ranking the atoms in each group in order of increasing size:

a. beryllium < boron < neon

b. nitrogen < phosphorus < arsenic

c. argon < phosphorus < chlorine

The size of an atom is determined by its atomic radius, which generally increases as you move down a group in the periodic table and decreases as you move across a period from left to right.

Identifying the element from which it is easier to remove an electron:

a. lithium (Li) is easier to remove an electron compared to beryllium (Be)

b. fluorine (F) is easier to remove an electron compared to oxygen (O)

c. neon (Ne) is easier to remove an electron compared to krypton (Kr)

d. phosphorus (P) is easier to remove an electron compared to gallium (Ga)

The ease of removing an electron, or ionization energy, generally decreases as you move down a group and increases as you move across a period in the periodic table.

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We need ti find how many elements there are in the first period and what are these.

To know what is the first period we must use that

Seeing the periodic table, the first row has two elements.

We can see that these elements are H ( hydrogen ) and He ( helium ).

ANSWER:

Firs period in the periodic table has two elements and they are called hydrogen and helium.

Q1. The formula for the energy levels of hydrogen is E = -13.6 eV/n².

Q2. a) The wavelength for the transition between n=1 and n=6 is approximately 93.5 nm. b) The wavelength for the transition between n=25 and n=26 is approximately 29.46 nm.

Q3. For the transitions in Q2, the relative densities are approximately 0.73 and 0.995, respectively.

Q4. The Lambert-Beers law relates the intensity of light transmitted through an absorber to the absorber's density, cross section for absorption, and position within the medium. It is expressed as I(x) = I₀ * exp(-n * σ(λ) * x).

Q1. The formula for the energy levels of hydrogen is given by the Rydberg formula, which is used to calculate the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom:

E = -13.6 eV/n²

Where:

- E is the energy of the electron in electron volts (eV).

- n is the principal quantum number, which represents the energy level or shell of the electron.

Q2. a) To find the wavelength (in nm) for a transition between n=1 and n=6 in hydrogen, we can use the Balmer series formula:

1/λ = R_H * (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)

Where:

- λ is the wavelength of the photon emitted or absorbed in meters (m).

- R_H is the Rydberg constant for hydrogen, approximately 1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹.

- n₁ and n₂ are the initial and final energy levels, respectively.

Plugging in the values, we have:

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (1/1² - 1/6²)

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (1 - 1/36)

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (35/36)

1/λ = 1.069 x 10⁷ m⁻¹

λ = 9.35 x 10⁻⁸ m = 93.5 nm

Therefore, the wavelength for the transition between n=1 and n=6 in hydrogen is approximately 93.5 nm.

b) Similarly, to find the wavelength (in nm) for a transition between n=25 and n=26 in hydrogen, we can use the same formula:

1/λ = R_H * (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)

Plugging in the values:

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (1/25² - 1/26²)

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (1/625 - 1/676)

1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) * (51/164000)

1/λ = 3.396 x 10⁴ m⁻¹

λ = 2.946 x 10⁻⁵ m = 29.46 nm

Therefore, the wavelength for the transition between n=25 and n=26 in hydrogen is approximately 29.46 nm.

Q3. To determine the relative density for each of the transitions in Q2, we need to calculate the ratio of the photon flux between the two states. The relative density is given by the equation:

Relative Density = (I(x2) / I(x1))

Where I(x2) and I(x1) are the photon fluxes at positions x2 and x1, respectively.

For a gas temperature of 300K, the relative density is proportional to the Boltzmann distribution of states, which is given by:

Relative Density = exp(-ΔE/kT)

Where ΔE is the energy difference between the two states, k is the Boltzmann constant (approximately 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

a) For the transition between n=1 and n=6, the energy difference is:

ΔE = E₁ - E₂ = (-13.6 eV / 1²) - (-13.6 eV / 6²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV + 0.6 eV = -13.0 eV

Converting the energy difference to joules:

ΔE = -13.0 eV * 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ J/eV = -2.08 x 10⁻¹⁸ J

Substituting the values into the relative density equation:

Relative Density = exp(-(-2.08 x 10⁻¹⁸ J) / (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K * 300 K))

Relative Density ≈ 0.73

Therefore, for the transition between n=1 and n=6, the relative density is approximately 0.73.

b) For the transition between n=25 and n=26, the energy difference is:

ΔE = E₁ - E₂ = (-13.6 eV / 25²) - (-13.6 eV / 26²)

ΔE ≈ -13.6 eV + 0.0585 eV ≈ -13.5415 eV

Converting the energy difference to joules:

ΔE ≈ -13.5415 eV * 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ J/eV ≈ -2.1664 x 10⁻¹⁸ J

Substituting the values into the relative density equation:

Relative Density = exp(-(-2.1664 x 10⁻¹⁸ J) / (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K * 300 K))

Relative Density ≈ 0.995

Therefore, for the transition between n=25 and n=26, the relative density is approximately 0.995.

Q4. Derivation of the Lambert-Beers law:

To derive the Lambert-Beers law, we consider a thin slice of the absorber with thickness dx. The intensity of light passing through this slice decreases due to absorption.

The change in intensity, dI, within the slice can be expressed as the product of the intensity at that position, I(x), and the fraction of light absorbed within the slice, nσ(λ)dx:

dI = -I(x) * nσ(λ)dx

The negative sign indicates the decrease in intensity due to absorption.

Integrating this equation from x = 0 to x = x (the total thickness of the absorber), we have:

∫[0,x] dI = -∫[0,x] I(x) * nσ(λ)dx

The left-hand side represents the total change in intensity, which is equal to I₀ - I(x) since the initial intensity is I₀.

∫[0,x] dI = I₀ - I(x)

Substituting this into the equation:

I₀ - I(x) = -∫[0,x] I(x) * nσ(λ)dx

Rearranging the equation:

I(x) = I₀ * exp(-nσ(λ)x)

This is the Lambert-Beers law, which shows the exponential decrease in intensity (photon flux) as light passes through an absorber. The law quantifies the dependence of intensity on the density of the absorber, the absorption cross section, and the position within the absorber.

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Answer:

C₂H6

Explanation:

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). Option A

A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is important to identify the formula that represents a hydrocarbon among the given options:

A) C₂H6: This formula represents ethane, which is a hydrocarbon. Ethane consists of two carbon atoms bonded together with single bonds and six hydrogen atoms.

B) C₂H5OH: This formula represents ethanol, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), indicating the presence of oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

C) C₂H5Cl: This formula represents ethyl chloride, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethyl chloride contains a chlorine atom (Cl) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is a haloalkane, not a hydrocarbon.

D) C₂H6O: This formula represents ethanol, which, as mentioned before, is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains an oxygen atom (O) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). It consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, making it a suitable representation of a hydrocarbon.

In summary, the formula C₂H6 (option A) represents a hydrocarbon, while the other options contain additional elements (oxygen or chlorine) that make them non-hydrocarbon compounds. Option A

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Answer:

Explanation:

Even in a chemical reaction when atoms interact and create new products, mass is conserved. This is because the new substances created are composed of atoms that were present in the reactants. The atoms from the reactants come apart, rearrange and re-bond in a different arrangement to form the products.

There are many possible combinations of these ions that will produce ionic compounds with a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions. Some examples include NaCl (sodium chloride), KBr (potassium bromide), and CaF2 (calcium fluoride).

A 1:1 ratio of cations to anions is called a balanced ratio. This occurs when there are equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles in a solution. A balanced ratio is necessary for many chemical reactions to occur. When the ratio is not balanced, the reaction may not occur at all, or it may occur very slowly.+1,+2 valency of cations can combine with -1,-2 valency of anions to give 1:1 ratio of the ionic compounds.

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The federal government was unable to intervene in elixir sulfanilamide containing diethylene glycol that causes kidney poisoning as there was no legal requirement that medicine be safe.

In 1937, a sulfonamide antibiotic called elixir sulfanilamide, which was incorrectly made, poisoned large numbers of people in the United States. Over a hundred individuals are said to have died as a result. The 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed in response to the uproar produced by this episode and subsequent tragedies of a similar nature, greatly expanding the authority of the Food and Drug Administration to regulate pharmaceuticals.

A warning that Elixir Sulfanilamide was poisonous and lethal was promptly published in newspapers and broadcast on radio once the AMA laboratory identified diethylene glycol as the dangerous component. On the 14th, a doctor in New York was informed of the fatalities and immediately contacted Food and Drug Administration headquarters.

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To calculate the concentrations of Red 40 and Yellow 5 in an unknown solution, the molar absorptivities need to be substituted into equations 7.8 and 7.9.

Equations 7.8 and 7.9 refer to specific mathematical expressions for determining the concentration of a compound using molar absorptivities. However, since the actual equations and values for molar absorptivities are not provided in the query, it is not possible to generate a specific answer or perform calculations.

To calculate the concentrations of Red 40 and Yellow 5 in the unknown solution, one would need the molar absorptivities of these compounds, as well as the absorbance values obtained from spectrophotometric measurements. These values would then be plugged into the appropriate equations to determine the concentrations.

Without the necessary equations and values, it is not possible to provide a detailed calculation or specific recorded values for the concentrations of Red 40 and Yellow 5 in the unknown solution.

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Answer:

Protein

Explanation:

Protein is used to make insulation (like fat) and is used to store energy taken form food (please tell me if this works)

Protein which is made up of amino acids is a  type of biomolecule that can be used for energy storage and insulation.

Amino acids are defined as the substances which are considered to be the monomers of proteins.Every amino acid has the same structure consisting of a central carbon which is bonded to an amino group , carboxyl group and a hydrogen.

Each amino acid also has another atom or a group of atoms bonded to the alpha carbon which are also known as the R group or the variable group of the side chain.There are 20 common amino acids present in natural proteins and each amino acid has the same backbone.

The sequence and number of amino acids determines protein's shape,size and also its function. Each amino acid is attached to the other by a covalent bond formed by a dehydration reaction.

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Answer:

Difference in temperature.

Explanation:

Conduction is the movement of heat energy through a substance or from one substance to another by direct contact of atoms and molecules. Heat moves directly from one molecule to another. The heat energy speeds up the movement of the atoms and they collide with other molecules setting them into faster motion.

Answer:

c. 800.0 mL

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The solubility of silver chloride (AgCl) in a solution that is initially 0.120 M in NH3 (ammonia) is approximately X mol/L.

To calculate the solubility of AgCl in the presence of NH3, we consider the formation of the complex ion [Ag(NH3)2]+. Using the equilibrium expression for the complex ion formation and the solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgCl, we determine that the concentration of Ag+ is equal to the solubility of AgCl. By considering the equilibrium constant (Kf) for the formation of the complex ion and the initial concentration of NH3, we can calculate the concentration of [Ag(NH3)2]+. Finally, knowing that [AgCl] is equal to [Ag+], we can conclude that the solubility of AgCl in the NH3 solution is approximately equal to the concentration of Ag+.

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Answer:

79

Explanation:

This is the answer I نخل جکڑ disparity disguising

Answer:

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen are Hydrocarbons.

Human breathing contributes approximately 1.837% of the total global CO₂ emissions.

To calculate the percentage of CO₂ emitted by human breathing out of the total global emissions, we first need to convert the values to the same unit.

1 kg of CO₂ is equivalent to 0.001 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg).

So, the total CO₂ emissions from human breathing per day can be calculated as:

Number of People * CO₂ emitted per person per day

= 7.9 billion * 0.001 metric tons

= 7.9 million metric tons

To find the percentage contribution, we divide the emissions from human breathing by the total global emissions and multiply by 100:

Percentage Contribution = (Emissions from Human Breathing / Total Global Emissions) * 100

= (7.9 million metric tons / 43 billion metric tons) * 100

= (0.0079 / 43) * 100

= 0.01837 * 100

= 1.837%

Therefore, human breathing contributes approximately 1.837% of the total global CO₂ emissions.

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