a brilliant general who helped develop the greatest army the world has ever seen and bring about important change in asia

Answers

Answer 1

George Patton is a brilliant general who helped develop the greatest army the world has ever seen and bring an about important change in Asia.

In the European and Mediterranean theatres of World War II, George Patton, a U.S. Army officer, excelled at mobile tank combat. The general was affectionately called to by his men as "Old Blood-and-Guts" because of his severe discipline, hardness, and self-sacrifice. But throughout his career, he caused countless difficulties due to his impulsive behavior and volatile temper.

Patton was chosen to represent the United States in Stockholm, Sweden, at the Olympic Games in 1912. In the contemporary pentathlon there, he battled against military commanders from all around the world.

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Related Questions

Question one
a) The table below gives the interest rates of government bonds sold over a period of 12 months.
Month Interest rate (%) per annum
January 11.5
February 11.3
March 11.4
April 11.6
May 11.8
June 11.7
July 11.8
August 12.5
September 12.0
October 11.7
November 11.6
December 11.6

Required
i) Develop 3-month and 4-month moving averages for this series. (8 marks)
ii) Which moving average provides better forecast? Why? (2 marks)

QUESTION TWO
a) A bakery bakes cakes under the brand name “super cakes.” Irene Juma, the manageress does not know the cost of each cake. She therefore gathers data on the total cost of each day’s production for the last 10 days. The results are shown in the table below:
Day Number of cakes (‘00’ units) Total cost (Sh. ‘000’)
1 22.5 23.0
2 21.0 21.6
3 27.5 23.3
4 21.5 24.0
5 30.0 28.2
6 20.0 22.4
7 24.0 23.1
8 26.5 25.3
9 18.3 20.1
10 17.0 16.5
Required:
i) Estimate the total cost function using the ordinary least squares method. State the fixed cost and unit cost. (11 marks)
ii) If each cake is sold at Sh. 10, determine the break even number of cakes. (3 marks)

b) Two different models are available for the same machine. The production statistics (number of units produced per hour) of these two models are given below. The data was collected on different days.
Model A: 180, 176, 184, 181, 190, 137,
Model B: 195, 194, 190, 192, 187, 185, 187,
Will you conclude that Model A and Model B have the same productivity (6Marks)

QUESTION THREE
The table below shows data on the number of visitors (V) to the Kenyan coastline in a month and the amount of money (M) for each of the 8 months in 2018
Number of visitors V Amount of money spent M (Sh.’M’)
2450 1370
2480 1350
2540 1400
2420 1330
2350 1270
2290 1210
2400 1330
2460 1350

Required
a) Determine the product moment correlation coefficient between number of visitors and amount spent. (4Marks)
b) Give a reason to support fitting a regression model of the form M = a + bv to these data
(2 marks)
c) Find the value of b (4 Marks)
d) Find the equation of the regression line of m and v (4 Marks)
e) Interpret your value of b (2 marks)
f) Use your answer to part (d) to estimate the amount of money spent when the number of visitors to Kenya coastline in a month is 2500. (2 Marks)
g) Comment on the reliability of your estimate in part (f). Give a reason for your answer.
(2 Marks)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

help

In 2022, Rogers & co. reported Net Income equal to $1,000. The company reported Depreciation Expense of $200. The company repurchased 10 shares of Treasury Stock for $500 (10 shares for $50 each). The stock had a par value of $5. The company also paid a dividend of $80 ($0.80 x 100 shares). What was the company's Cash from Financing Activities in 2022? (make the number negative if it is a net cash outflow)

Answers

The company's Cash from Financing Activities in 2022 a net cash outflow of $580.

The repurchase of treasury stock is a financing activity, while the net income and depreciation expense are not. The payment of dividends is also a financing activity, as it represents a distribution of profits to the shareholders. First, let's calculate the cash outflow from the repurchase of treasury stock. The company bought 10 shares for $50 each, which amounts to $500. Since this is a cash outflow, we will show it as a negative number.

Next, let's calculate the cash outflow from the payment of dividends. The company paid a dividend of $0.80 per share, and it has 100 shares outstanding. Therefore, the total dividend payment was $80. Again, since this is a cash outflow, we will show it as a negative number.
To calculate the Cash from Financing Activities, we need to add the cash outflows and subtract any cash inflows. In this case, there are no cash inflows, so we only need to add the two cash outflows.
Cash from Financing Activities = - $500 (repurchase of treasury stock) - $80 (payment of dividends) = - $580
Therefore, the company's Cash from Financing Activities in 2022 was a net cash outflow of $580.

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Historically speaking, ____ taken as a group has/have generally been a surplus economic unit in the past:

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In the past, noted previously, households taken collectively have typically been a surplus asset.

What exactly qualifies as an economic unit?

A unit it could be any quantifiable thing that adds value to the firm, and unit economists are the direct earnings and costs of a specific business quantified on a per-unit basis. It is simpler to anticipate things like knock points and operating margins when unit economics are calculated.

Is this the most significant unit of the economy?

A crucial component of the economy that participates in the consuming and exchange of goods is the home. They own labor, including some of the key components of industry. Additionally, they give businesses the motivation they need by buying finished goods for consumption.

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Trespass to land is committed if, without the permission of the property owner, a person
a. has a revocable license to come onto the property.
O b. all of the choices.
c. enters the property to assist someone in danger.
O d. causes water to back up onto the property.

Answers

We are to explain what trespass to land meant.

Trespass to land is committed if, without the permission of the property owner, a person "causes water to back up onto the property"

Trespass to land is a punishable offence under the law. An individual must not go beyond the boundary or limit of his own property. There shouldn't be any form of interference in the property of someone else.

For instance, a person goes to another person's compound to plant vegetable has trespassed except if he or she is given the permission to do so.

Therefore,

Trespass to land is committed if, without the permission of the property owner, a person "causes water to back up onto the property"

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for personal finance course

for personal finance course

Answers

.E) This would be the correct answer

survey of top executives revealed that 35% of them regularly read Time magazine, 20% read Newsweek, and 40% read U.S. News & World Report. A total of 10% read both Time and U.S. News & World Report.
1) What is the probability that a particular top executive reads either Time or U.S. News & World Report regularly?
2) What is the probability 0.10 called?
3) Are the events mutually exclusive ? Explain

Answers

Answer:

1) the probability that the executive reads Time magazine = 0.35

the probability that the executive reads U.S. News & World Report = 0.40

the probability that he/she reads both = 0.10

the probability that the executive reads either Time or U.S. News & World Report = 0.35 + 0.40 - 0.10 = 0.65 = 65%

2) intersection

3) they are not mutually exclusive, they are independent from each other, i.e. the executive can read Time magazine first and then US News and World Report, vice versa, or only read one of them

Select the correct answer
Which factor increases the risk of is project delays?
Options on picture

Select the correct answerWhich factor increases the risk of is project delays?Options on picture

Answers

Answer:

B. Shortage of technical staff

Explanation:

It's 100% not D. I took the test and got it wrong

fill in the blank. ___ is the process by which representatives of a union meet with representatives of management to negotiate a contract for workers. group of answer choices mediation collective bargaining mutual conciliation arbitration

Answers

Collective bargaining is the process in which working people, through their unions, negotiate contracts with their employers to determine their terms of employment, including pay.

Collective bargaining benefits, hours, leave, job health and safety policies, ways to balance work and family, and more.Collective negotiation is classified into five types: composite negotiating, concessionary bargaining, distributive bargaining, integrative bargaining, and productivity bargaining. Convertible preferred rates are greater than non-convertible preferred yields. A non-convertible preferred shareholder receives a set rate of return with no opportunity for expansion. Important Takeaways. Convertible preferred stock can be converted into common stock at a predetermined conversion ratio. When the market price of the company's common stock increases above the conversion price, preferred stockholders may find it desirable to convert and earn an instant profit. Distributive negotiation, integrative negotiation, team negotiation, and multiparty negotiation are some of the most popular.

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Sun Coast Tours is considering purchasing a new boat for use in its tour business. Relevant information concerning the boat is as follows: (Ignore income taxes.)


Purchase cost $ 250,000
Annual net cash inflows that will be provided by the boat $ 57,000
Life of the boat 10 years

Required:
1-a. Compute the payback period for the boat. (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)



1-b. If the company rejects all proposals with a payback period of more than five years, will the boat be purchased?

multiple choice 1
Yes
No

2-a. Compute the simple rate of return on the boat. Use straight-line depreciation based on the boat's useful life, assuming $10,000 salvage value. (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)

Answers

1-a. Payback period = Initial cost / Annual net cash inflows

= $250,000 / $57,000

= 4.396 years (rounded to 1 decimal place)

1-b. The company would purchase the boat

How do we do the computation of values?

1-a. To compute the payback period for the boat, we need to determine how long it will take for the boat to generate enough cash inflows to recover its initial cost. The payback period is calculated by dividing the initial cost by the annual net cash inflows.

Payback period = Initial cost / Annual net cash inflows

= $250,000 / $57,000

= 4.396 years (rounded to 1 decimal place)

1-b. Since the payback period is less than five years, the company would purchase the boat.

2-a. To compute the simple rate of return, we need to find the annual net income generated by the boat, and divide that by the initial cost. The annual net income is the annual net cash inflows minus the annual depreciation expense.

Straight-line depreciation = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Life of asset

= ($250,000 - $10,000) / 10 years

= $24,000 per year

Annual net income = Annual net cash inflows - Annual depreciation expense

= $57,000 - $24,000

= $33,000

Simple rate of return = Annual net income / Initial cost

= $33,000 / $250,000

= 0.132 or 13.2% (rounded to 1 decimal place)

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Use the graph to the right for a monopoly to answer the questions.
What quantity will the monopoly produce, and what price will the monopoly
charge?
The monopoly will produce 48 units and charge $ 7.20 per unit. (Enter
numeric responses using real numbers rounded to two decimal places.)
Suppose the monopoly is regulated. If the regulatory agency wants to
achieve economic efficiency, what price should it require the monopoly to
charge? How much output will the monopoly produce at this price?
The regulatory agency should regulate a price of $4.80. At that price, the
monopoly will produce 52 units.
bikin

Use the graph to the right for a monopoly to answer the questions.What quantity will the monopoly produce,

Answers

Answer:

7

Explanation:

casue I said so

The quantity that the monopoly would produce is 48 units, and the price that the monopoly would charge is $4.80.

What is monopoly?

A monopoly is a market structure in which a single seller or producer has complete control over the supply of a particular good or service in a given market. As a result, the monopolist has significant pricing power and can charge higher prices than would be possible in a competitive market.

In a monopoly market, there are no close substitutes for the monopolized product. These barriers may include things like legal barriers, technological barriers, economies of scale, or control over essential resources.

In the above case, the  quantity that the monopolist would produce is 48 units, and the price that the monopoly would charge is $4.80.

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5. The current level of money supply in the economy is 10million USD. However the economy needs 50million USD. If the reserve requirement is 15%, what the government should make to meet the amount of money supply its economy needs? (Use open market operation concept).​

Answers

To meet the amount of money supply its economy needs the government should Use the open market operation concept.

What is the economy?

The annual output to the annual consumption ratio, which also evaluates the flow of money into the market by considering each person's purchasing power, is the backbone of every country's economy.

The Federal Reserve participates in open market operations, which are defined as the sale and purchase of securities there. They enable the Federal Reserve to control price changes without directly affecting the market economy.

It would encourage economic stability by reducing commercial banks' reserves and by reducing their investment and loan activities. So this will be considered to meet the amount of money supply its economy needs.

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When people buy more, or less, at ALL prices, there has been a change in _____.

Answers

There prices has been a change in demand and supply.

Pricing is the process of determining supply how much money a manufacturer will receive in exchange for services and commodities. The pricing approach is used to change the cost of the producer's offerings to make them more appealing to both the manufacturer and the client.

The pandemic shook the global economy, disrupting supply lines and causing to massive shipping delays. Labor shortages and rising consumer demand have aggravated the situation. Prices are rising as many items are in low supply and delivery costs rise. The cost or amount at which anything is valued is referred to as its price.

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Do you think GDP is the best indicator to measure the living standard of a country? Justify your answer (4 marks)

Answers

Explanation:

GDP is an indicator of a society's standard of living, but it is only a rough indicator because it does not directly account for leisure, environmental quality, levels of health and education, activities conducted outside the market, changes in inequality of income, increases in variety, increases in technology,

GDP is an accurate indicator of the size of an economy and the GDP growth rate is probably the single best indicator of economic growth, while GDP per capita has a close correlation with the trend in living standards over time.

Nathan has a gross pay of $35,000. He has earned a tax credit of $3,000 and paid $2,500 in taxes. What is his taxable and disposable income? Nathan’s taxable income is --1--- and his disposable income is--2--- .
{1.$35,000\$32,000\$32,500}
{2.$29,000\$32,000\$29,500}

Answers

Nathan's taxable income is $29,500 and his disposable income is $35,500.

How to calculate Nathan Taxable and Disposable income

Nathan's taxable income can be calculated by subtracting the tax credit from his gross pay and then subtracting the taxes paid.

Taxable income = Gross pay - Tax credit - Taxes paid

Taxable income = $35,000 - $3,000 - $2,500

Taxable income = $29,500

Nathan's disposable income can be calculated by subtracting the taxes paid from his gross pay and adding the tax credit.

Disposable income = Gross pay - Taxes paid + Tax credit

Disposable income = $35,000 - $2,500 + $3,000

Disposable income = $35,500

Therefore, the correct answers are:

Nathan's taxable income is $29,500.

Nathan's disposable income is $35,500.

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Reggie, who is 55, had AGI of $35,200 in 2022. During the year, he paid the following medical expenses:
Drugs (prescribed by physicians)
Marijuana (prescribed by physicians)
Health insurance premiums-after taxes
Doctors' fees
Eyeglasses
Over-the-counter drugs
$ 570
1,470
1,280
1,320
445
270
Required:
Reggie received $570 in 2022 for a portion of the doctors' fees from his insurance. What is Reggie's medical expense deduction?

Answers

Reggie's medical expense deduction is $7,276.

AGI, or adjusted gross income, is a person's total income minus certain deductions and is used to calculate taxable income.

Reggie, who is 55 years old, had an AGI of $35,200 in 2022. During the year, he incurred the following medical expenses:

Drugs (prescribed by physicians): $5,701

Marijuana (prescribed by physicians): $1,470

Health insurance premiums-after taxes: $1,280

Doctors' fees: $1,320

Eyeglasses: $445

Over-the-counter drugs: $270

Reggie was reimbursed $570 by his insurance company for a portion of the doctors' fees. To calculate his medical expense deduction, we first need to subtract any reimbursements from his total medical expenses.

Total medical expenses: $5,701 + $1,470 + $1,280 + $1,320 + $445 + $270 = $10,486

Reimbursements: $570

Medical expenses after reimbursements: $10,486 - $570 = $9,916

To claim a medical expense deduction, the expenses must exceed a certain percentage of AGI, which varies depending on the taxpayer's age. For taxpayers who are 65 or younger, the threshold is 7.5% of AGI. For taxpayers who are over 65, the threshold is 7%.

Since Reggie is 55 years old, the threshold is 7.5% of his AGI or $35,200 x 0.075 = $2,640.

Therefore, Reggie can deduct the portion of his medical expenses that exceed $2,640.

Amount of medical expenses that exceed the threshold: $9,916 - $2,640 = $7,276

Therefore, Reggie's medical expense deduction is $7,276.

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Freshmart, Inc., began operations last year when it produced and sold the same number of units. This year, the company produced 1,000 units and sold 750 units at a selling price of $100 per unit. Fixed overhead costs totaled $30,000 and fixed selling and administrative expenses were $15,000. Variable production costs were $25.00 per unit while variable selling and administrative expenses were $10.00 per unit. Using absorption costing, net income was:

Answers

Answer:

Net Income under absorption costing is $11,250.

Explanation:

Absorption Costing Income Statement.

Sales Revenue (750 units × $100)                                                        $75,000

Less Cost of Sales

Opening Inventory                                                                     $0

Add Cost of Goods Manufactured (1,000 units × $55.00) $55,000

Less Closing Inventory (250 units × $55.00)                      ($13,750)($41,250)

Gross Profit                                                                                            $33,750

Less Expenses :

Selling and administrative expenses :

Fixed                                                                                                     ($15,000)

Variable (750 units×$10.00)                                                                  ($7,500)

Net Income / (Loss)                                                                                $11,250

Conclusion :

Manufacturing costs under absorption costing include both fixed and variable costs.

All Non-manufacturing costs are treated as period costs, expense during the period.

Net Income under absorption costing is $11,250.

Rachael Hair Products shows the following budgeted and actual data for the first quarter of the current fiscal year:


Actual (9,000 units) Flexible Budget (9,000 units) Master Budget (10,000 units)
Sales $ 139,500 $ 135,000 $ 150,000
Variable costs 64,000 63,000 70,000
Fixed costs 53,000 50,000 50,000
Operating income $ 22,500 $ 22,000 $ 30,000


Required:

What type of financial control system might the company use to determine whether the company met its short-term financial objectives?
For the first quarter of the year, what was the total master budget variance?
In general, into what two component variances can the master budget variance be decomposed? What is the meaning of each of these two variances?
Comment specifically on the financial performance of this company during the 1st quarter.
What are the primary limitations of traditional financial-control models?

Answers

Rachael Hair Products may use variance analysis to assess short-term financial objectives. The total master budget variance was -$7,500, divided into sales volume and flexible budget variances. Actual operating income of $22,500 was better than the flexible budget of $22,000 but below the master budget of $30,000, showing unfavorable variances, particularly in sales volume.

The company might use a variance analysis system to determine whether it met its short-term financial objectives. This involves comparing actual results to budgeted results and analyzing the variances to identify areas where performance was better or worse than expected.

The total master budget variance for the first quarter can be calculated as follows:

Actual Operating Income - Master Budget Operating Income

= $22,500 - $30,000

= -$7,500

Therefore, the total master budget variance for the first quarter is -$7,500.

The master budget variance can be decomposed into two component variances: the sales volume variance and the flexible budget variance. The sales volume variance measures the impact of the difference between the actual sales volume and the budgeted sales volume on operating income, while the flexible budget variance measures the impact of the difference between actual variable costs and budgeted variable costs on operating income.

During the first quarter, the company's actual operating income of $22,500 was slightly better than the flexible budget operating income of $22,000, but fell short of the master budget operating income of $30,000. This suggests that the company experienced some unfavorable variances, particularly in the area of sales volume.

The primary limitations of traditional financial-control models include their focus on historical financial data, their reliance on quantitative measures of performance, and their failure to account for non-financial factors that may influence performance. Additionally, traditional financial-control models may not be flexible enough to adapt to changing business environments or to capture the full range of factors that impact organizational performance.

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A number of major corporations, such as General Motors, Amway, and Evian, sponsor or support worthy causes, many of which are environmental causes. These companies are highly motivated to engage in cause-oriented marketing because _____.

Answers

Answer:

C)corporations hope to generate goodwill toward the company and its brands

Explanation:

THESE ARE THE OPTIONS FOR THE QUESTION

a. it is a socially acceptable way of distributing excess profits

b. corporations function better in a healthy environment

c. corporations hope to generate goodwill toward the company and its brands

d. major companies are required by law to support environmentally friendly causes

e. research shows that companies that support the environment do better financially

From the question we are informed about A number of major corporations, such as General Motors, Amway, and Evian, sponsor or support worthy causes, many of which are environmental causes. In this case, These companies are highly motivated to engage in cause-oriented marketing because corporations hope to generate goodwill toward the company and its brands.

Cause marketing can be regarded as one that contains some collaboration which exist between a profit oriented business as well as a nonprofit organization all for common benefit. Cause marketing can as well be regarded as social or charitable campaigns which is been set up by for-profit oriented brands. In most cases, brands that has association with a nonprofit usually have their corporate social responsibility been boasted.

Which statement BEST explains this investment?
А.
The opportunity for profit motivates financial risks.
B.
The general likelihood of business success is very high.
C.
The corporate structure protects individuals from liability.
The financing for new enterprises often comes from institutions.

Answers

Answer:

I think that the answer is B, The The general likelihood of business success is very high.

Explanation:

I got it right on edgenuity

why do you think states have licensing requirements for certain occupations?

Answers

Answer: to prevent improper use or causing an issue with the thing they have to get a license for

What is market segmentation in marketing with example?

Answers

Market segmentation, in marketing, is the division of a broad target market into more focused groups based on shared characteristics, tendencies, requirements, or preferences.

Market segmentation in marketing with example.

In marketing, market segmentation refers to the process of breaking up a large target market into more narrowly defined segments based on shared traits, tendencies, needs, or preferences. Identification of various market segments is necessary in order to target them with specialized marketing techniques and messages.

Think about a business that sells athletic shoes. They choose to use market segmentation to find particular segments with varied wants and preferences when it comes to athletic shoes rather of targeting the full market of potential clients.

The corporation can effectively target these niche markets with goods and advertising messages that speak to their particular needs and preferences by using market segmentation. Their chances of succeeding in the market are eventually increased by being able to customize their product offers, pricing, promotional techniques, and distribution networks to each segment.

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How does the value of the cars produced by the Japanese company within the United States impact the United States' Gross National Product (GNP), and why?

Answers

Answer:

:)

Explanation:

The cars it produces in the U.S. are added to U.S. GDP, but not U.S. GNP, as these cars use domestic factors of production (labor and resources), but are produced by a foreign nation. Conversely, the values are added to Japan's GNP, but not Japan's GDP.

Define a random variable that represents the time in minutes required to assemble the product

Answers

A random variable x is a numerical outcome of a probability experiment. There is a numerical value which is determined by chance for each outcome in the procedure or experiment. Therefore, a random variable is used for describing outcomes using numerical values.

x = time in minutes

Melanie’s partially completed schedule a, itemized deductions is shown below. Given the adjusted gross income limitation, what amount can she deduct for eligible medical and dental expenses

Answers

The Schedule A, Itemized Deductions, for Melanie is displayed below. Her deduction for allowable medical and dental costs is limited to $2,260 (Option C) due to the adjusted gross income cap.

How can I figure out my gross income?

If you are paid annually, performing the computation is not too difficult. Just to be clear, gross income is the total of your earnings before any deductions for taxes or other expenses.

The presentation of annual compensation is typically done in this manner. Simply divide the total amount of money you receive (your pay) throughout the course of the year by the number of months.

In conclusion, the Schedule A, Itemized Deductions, section of the tax return that Melanie has already finished is displayed below. The highest amount she is allowed to deduct for her eligible medical and dental charges is $2,260 due to the limitation imposed by the adjusted gross income.

Hence, option (C) is accurate.

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Melanie's partially completed Schedule A, Itemized Deductions, is shown below. Given the adjusted gross income limitation, what amount can she deduct for eligible medical and dental expenses?

(A) $0

(B) $1,603

(C) $2,260

(D) $2,583

which action is not necessary implementing SM?

Answers

Answer:

E)   Firms must force their suppliers into world-class compliance

Multiple-choices

A)   Senior management must recognize supply management's critical nature to the firm    

B)   Senior management must support the required transformation of supply management to world-class  

C)   Firms must know where they are in relation to where they want to be  

D)   Firms must benchmark best-in-class practices and develop metrics

E)   Firms must force their suppliers into world-class compliance

Explanation:

Supply management is concerned with identifying, acquiring, and managing resources and suppliers essential to an organization's operations. SM activities include buying physical goods and services or any other resource that facilitate a company's operations.

Successful implementation of Supply management reduced the cost of doing business. A company that procures quality materials and competitive rates gains a competitive advantage over competitors without lowering its prices. Forcing suppliers into world-class compliance is not necessary for a company that desires to implement efficient supply management.

Explain several important points to address in developing a flexible financial plan.

Answers

Well first start with the lowest point of your money and then set your self an important goal

3. It is best to use an oral channel in
the following situations except when
you want immediate feedback from
the audience.
you want to encourage interaction
to solve a problem or reach a
decision
your message is complex and
requires further explanation.
O you need no permanent record.​

Answers

Incomplete question. The full question read;

It is best to use an oral channel in the following situations except when ___

you want immediate feedback from the audience.you want to encourage interaction to solve a problem or reach a decision.you need no permanent record.your message is complex and requires further explanation.

Answer:

you need no permanent record.

Explanation:

Remember, using oral feedback helps your listeners to easily understand the complexities in your message when it is simplified by the speaker, receiving immediate feedback from the audience, and encourages interaction among the audience.

However, using an oral channel does not guarantee an honest no permanent record would occur, thus, it is an exception among the listed situations.

QUESTION TWO
a) A bakery bakes cakes under the brand name “super cakes.” Irene Juma, the manageress does not know the cost of each cake. She therefore gathers data on the total cost of each day’s production for the last 10 days. The results are shown in the table below:
Day Number of cakes (‘00’ units) Total cost (Sh. ‘000’)
1 22.5 23.0
2 21.0 21.6
3 27.5 23.3
4 21.5 24.0
5 30.0 28.2
6 20.0 22.4
7 24.0 23.1
8 26.5 25.3
9 18.3 20.1
10 17.0 16.5
Required:
i) Estimate the total cost function using the ordinary least squares method. State the fixed cost and unit cost. (11 marks)
ii) If each cake is sold at Sh. 10, determine the break even number of cakes. (3 marks)

b) Two different models are available for the same machine. The production statistics (number of units produced per hour) of these two models are given below. The data was collected on different days.
Model A: 180, 176, 184, 181, 190, 137,
Model B: 195, 194, 190, 192, 187, 185, 187,
Will you conclude that Model A and Model B have the same productivity (6Marks)

Answers

a) i) Using ordinary least squares, the estimated total cost function for the bakery's "super cakes" is Total Cost (Sh. '000') = 4.07 + 0.81 * Number of cakes ('00' units).

ii) The break-even number of cakes is approximately 21.42 cakes.

b) Model A has an average productivity of 171.33 units per hour, while Model B has an average productivity of 190.71 units per hour. We cannot conclude that they have the same productivity.

a) i) To estimate the total cost function using the ordinary least squares method, we can use the given data on the number of cakes and total cost for the last 10 days. Let's denote the number of cakes as X and the total cost as Y.

Using a linear regression model, we can find the equation of the line that best fits the data. The general form of the linear equation is Y = a + bX, where a represents the fixed cost and b represents the unit cost.

We can calculate the values of a and b using the ordinary least squares method. This involves minimizing the sum of the squared differences between the observed total cost and the predicted total cost based on the equation.

After performing the calculations, we obtain the following results:

a = 4.07 (fixed cost)

b = 0.81 (unit cost)

Therefore, the estimated total cost function for the bakery's production of "super cakes" is:

Total Cost (Sh. '000') = 4.07 + 0.81 * Number of cakes ('00' units)

ii) To determine the break-even number of cakes, we need to find the number of cakes at which the total cost equals the total revenue. Since each cake is sold at Sh. 10, the revenue function can be expressed as Revenue = 10 * Number of cakes ('00' units).

Setting the total cost function equal to the revenue function, we have:

4.07 + 0.81 * Number of cakes = 10 * Number of cakes

Simplifying the equation, we find:

0.19 * Number of cakes = 4.07

Dividing both sides by 0.19, we get:

Number of cakes = 21.42

Therefore, the break-even number of cakes for the bakery is approximately 21.42 cakes.

b) To conclude whether Model A and Model B have the same productivity, we can analyze the production statistics provided for both models. Based on the data, we can calculate the mean (average) number of units produced per hour for each model.

Model A: (180 + 176 + 184 + 181 + 190 + 137) / 6 = 171.33

Model B: (195 + 194 + 190 + 192 + 187 + 185 + 187) / 7 = 190.71

From the calculated means, we can see that Model A has a lower average productivity (171.33 units per hour) compared to Model B (190.71 units per hour). Therefore, based on the given data, we cannot conclude that Model A and Model B have the same productivity.

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As a student in the Principles of Management class of Ama Ghana University, you are expected to have experiential knowledge so that you can be able to solve real life business problems after graduation. To achieve this objective, the 2020 class has been divided into ten groups; and each team works in a management capacity with ten management consulting companies in the Greater Accra Region. San Consulting - the firm that your group works with is a project management company that is into Real Estate construction and management consulting. This firm which has twenty years’ experience in this business is the first choice for all individuals and companies that want quality service. You have on the contrary, observed that many of the management practices have not developed precipitously as situations in the business environment warrant. The accountant confirmed this by saying in the last general meeting that a certain percentage of San’s profit margin is being lost because of this situation. She gave the example that the surveying department spent eight labor hours generating data that had been generated two weeks ago by another unit. Due to the fact that the surveying department did not know that the data had already been created, a substantial effort was wasted and this has been a recurrent problem.
In addition, the increase in demand of the services of San’s Consulting has placed significant pressures on the five managers whose duties are not clearly defined. For instance, you have observed that any of these managers perform duties in the operations department as well as any other unit within the firm. They are not able to perform all the functions required of them due to the ineffectiveness of the organizational structure.
You and the members of your group are expected to write a report to the top-level management team regarding your analysis of the situation in the firm.
Questions
1. Explain which of the four main management functions is/are not operating as it/they should within the firm? 3 Marks
2. What recommendations will you make in your report that will help assure that this situation or similar one would not happen again? 4 Marks
3. Assume that the top-level management team has accepted your recommendations, how can their effectiveness be evaluated three months after implementation? 4 Marks
4. Discuss the organizational structure currently used by San’s Consulting and would you recommend the continuous use of this structure? If yes or no, present the factors (4) that influenced your decision regarding the right organizational structure for San’s Consulting. 5 Marks
5. Identify and discuss the main problems that the firm is likely to experience (i) if the current structure is continued or (ii) if a new structure is implemented. 5 Marks
1B) Akwamba made this statement ‘organisations cannot be successful if managers fail to pay attention to the forces in the external environment’. Do you agree or not? Justify using practical examples (9 marks)

Answers

Answer:

The organization structure is not clearly defined, Managers are performing duties in various departments at a time.

Explanation:

San Consulting is one of the finest consulting firm in the Greater Accra Region. The firm is always a first choice for individuals who want to pursue their career in business. The Organizational structure of San Consulting is not clearly defined. San's profits are falling because management practices are not according to the other competitive organizations. The managers working at San are facing excess workload and pressure for their work. Their job descriptions is not clearly defined and they are forced to work in multiple departments at the same time due to which they are losing focus on their own work.  

Questions 1: Planning, organizing, leading and controlling

Question 2: The organizational structure needs to be set and every employee should have their defined job role so they are able to complete work with efficiency.

Question 3: The profits of San consulting will rise as there will be less duplication of work and every employee will be able to focus on their own task and will work with efficiency.

Question 4: Matrix. The matrix organizational structure is not suited in this organization. The right organizational structure for San consulting will be Functional Structure.

Question 5:

(i) The profits for San Consulting will decline

(ii) The profit will rise because employee will focus more on their specific tasks.

1B. Yes agree. The managers need to focus on the external environment as well to identify the opportunities and threats present which can stimulate changes for the organization.

The City of Houghton enacted an ordinance that forbids religious groups from distributing religious materials within the city limits of Houghton unless the distributor is granted a permit. Other types of materials can be distributed without a permit. What concerns do you have about the constitutionality of this ordinance?

Answers

The concerns that have about the constitutionality of this ordinance are Freedom of Religion, Content-Based Restrictions, Prior Restraint, Equal Protection and Unfettered Discretion.

Here are a few major concerns:

Religious Freedom: The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides religious freedom, which includes the right to practise and express one's religious views. Content-Based limitation: By treating religious materials differently from other types of materials, the ordinance appears to impose a content-based limitation on communication. Prior constraint: Requiring religious organisations to seek a licence before disseminating religious materials is a type of prior constraint on speech. Equal Protection: If the ordinance treats religious groups differently than other groups or items, it may raise questions regarding legal equality. Unrestricted Discretion: If local officials have unrestricted discretion in choosing who gets a permit, there is a possibility of viewpoint discrimination or bias.

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