After 3 seconds (t = 3), the velocity of the body, using Heun's method with a step size of 1 second, is approximately (-16.066) m/s.
To find the velocity of the body after time t = 3 seconds using Heun's method with a step size of 1 second, we can approximate the solution to the given ordinary differential equation (ODE) numerically.
The given ODE is: 1.02(dv/dt) = 10 - 2v
We'll use the following steps to apply Heun's method:
Step 1: Define the ODE and initial condition
f_(t, v) = 1.02(10 - 2v)
Initial condition: v_(0) = 0
Step 2: Define the step size and number of steps
Step size: h = 1 second
Number of steps: n = 3 seconds / h = 3
Step 3: Iterate using Heun's method
For i = 0 to n-1:
ti = i × h
k_(1) = f_(ti, vi)
k_2 = f_(ti + h, vi + h × k_(1))
vi+1 = vi + (h/2) × (k_(1) + k_(2))
Let's apply the steps:
Step 1: ODE and initial condition
_f(t, v) = 1.02(10 - 2v)
v_(0) = 0
Step 2: Step size and number of steps
h = 1 second
n = 3
Step 3: Iteration using Heun's method
i = 0:
t0 = 0
k_(1) = f_(0, 0) = 1.02(10 - 2(0)) = 10.2
k_(2) = f_(0 + 1, 0 + 1 × 10.2) = f(1, 10.2) = 1.02(10 - 2(10.2)) = (-21.084)
v_(1) = 0 + (1/2) × (1) × (10.2 + (-21.084)) =( -5.942)
i = 1:
t_(1) = 1
k_(1) = f_(1, -5.942) = 1.02(10 - 2(-5.942)) = 24.148
k_(2) = f_(1 + 1, -5.942 + 1 × 24.148) = f(2, 18.206) = 1.02(10 - 2(18.206)) = (-38.088)
v_(2) = (-5.942) + (1/2) × (1) × (24.148 + (-38.088)) = (-10.441)
i = 2:
t_(2) = 2
k_(1) = f_(2, (-10.441)) = 1.02(10 - 2(-10.441)) = 33.916
k_(2) = f_(2 + 1, (-10.441) + 1 × 33.916) = f(3, 23.475) = 1.02(10 - 2(23.475)) = (-47.508)
v_(3) =( -10.441) + (1/2) × (1) ×(33.916 + (-47.508)) = (-16.066)
After 3 seconds (t = 3), the velocity of the body, using Heun's method with a step size of 1 second, is approximately (-16.066) m/s.
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if(x) = x + 2 and h(x) = x-1, what is f • h](-3)?
Answer/Step-by-step explanation:
Composition functions are functions that combine to make a new function. We use the notation ◦ to denote a composition.
f ◦ g is the composition function that has f composed with g. Be aware though, f ◦ g is not
the same as g ◦ f. (This means that composition is not commutative).
f ◦ g ◦ h is the composition that composes f with g with h.
Since when we combine functions in composition to make a new function, sometimes we
define a function to be the composition of two smaller function. For instance,
h = f ◦ g (1)
h is the function that is made from f composed with g.
For regular functions such as, say:
f(x) = 3x
2 + 2x + 1 (2)
What do we end up doing with this function? All we do is plug in various values of x into
the function because that’s what the function accepts as inputs. So we would have different
outputs for each input:
f(−2) = 3(−2)2 + 2(−2) + 1 = 12 − 4 + 1 = 9 (3)
f(0) = 3(0)2 + 2(0) + 1 = 1 (4)
f(2) = 3(2)2 + 2(2) + 1 = 12 + 4 + 1 = 17 (5)
When composing functions we do the same thing but instead of plugging in numbers we are
plugging in whole functions. For example let’s look at the following problems below:
Examples
• Find (f ◦ g)(x) for f and g below.
f(x) = 3x + 4 (6)
g(x) = x
2 +
1
x
(7)
When composing functions we always read from right to left. So, first, we will plug x
into g (which is already done) and then g into f. What this means, is that wherever we
see an x in f we will plug in g. That is, g acts as our new variable and we have f(g(x)).
g(x) = x
2 +
1
x
(8)
f(x) = 3x + 4 (9)
f( ) = 3( ) + 4 (10)
f(g(x)) = 3(g(x)) + 4 (11)
f(x
2 +
1
x
) = 3(x
2 +
1
x
) + 4 (12)
f(x
2 +
1
x
) = 3x
2 +
3
x
+ 4 (13)
Thus, (f ◦ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = 3x
2 +
3
x + 4.
Let’s try one more composition but this time with 3 functions. It’ll be exactly the same but
with one extra step.
• Find (f ◦ g ◦ h)(x) given f, g, and h below.
f(x) = 2x (14)
g(x) = x
2 + 2x (15)
h(x) = 2x (16)
(17)
We wish to find f(g(h(x))). We will first find g(h(x)).
h(x) = 2x (18)
g( ) = ( )2 + 2( ) (19)
g(h(x)) = (h(x))2 + 2(h(x)) (20)
g(2x) = (2x)
2 + 2(2x) (21)
g(2x) = 4x
2 + 4x (22)
Thus g(h(x)) = 4x
2 + 4x. We now wish to find f(g(h(x))).
g(h(x)) = 4x
2 + 4x (23)
f( ) = 2( ) (24)
f(g(h(x))) = 2(g(h(x))) (25)
f(4x
2 + 4x) = 2(4x
2 + 4x) (26)
f(4x
2 + 4x) = 8x
2 + 8x (27)
(28)
Thus (f ◦ g ◦ h)(x) = f(g(h(x))) = 8x
2 + 8x.
The equation \(p^{2} =5a\) represents the perimeter, p, of a square with an area, A, a square stained glass had an area of 20ft. What is the perimenter of the window?
The area of the stained glass is given as 20ft².
Let's start by finding the length of one side of the square stained glass. Since the area of a square is given by the formula A = s^2, where s is the length of one side of the square, we have:
s^2 = A
s^2 = 20ft²
s = sqrt(20)ft
s = 2sqrt(5)ft
Now, we can use the given equation p^2 = 5A to find the perimeter p of the square, by substituting the value of A:
p^2 = 5A
p^2 = 5(20ft²)
p^2 = 100ft²
p = sqrt(100ft²)
p = 10ft
Therefore, the perimeter of the square stained glass is 10 feet.
Solve each inequality.
-6 + 2a ≥ 22 OR 10 + 3a ≤ 22
please help
step by step
Answer:
The answer is 1/6
Step-by-step explanation:
3/8 x 4/9 = top times top and bottom times bottom
12/72 = 1/6
Answer:
1/6
Step-by-step explanation:
3x4=12
8x9=72
12 divided by 6 equals 2
72 divided by 6 equals 12
2 divided by 2 equals 1
12 divided by 2 equals 6
Final simplififed answer is 1/6.
Hope this helps you out.
. Four times the sum of 3 and a number is 16. Find the
number.
PLEASE A I NEED IT
Answer:
x=1
Step-by-step explanation:
it is
Transform the equation to isolate x: ax = bx + 1. How is the value of x related to the difference of a and b? The equation ax = bx + 1 is the same as x = 1/(a - b) when solved for x. This means that x is equal to the reciprocal of the difference of a and b. Sample Response: The equation ax = bx + 1 is the same as x = 1/(a - b) when solved for x. This means that x is equal to the reciprocal of the difference of a and b. What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. x = x equals StartFraction 1 Over a minus b EndFraction. x is the reciprocal of the difference of a and b. x is 1 over the difference of a and b. x is the quotient of 1 and the difference of a and b.
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
This is awfully hard to read. Use returns to separate paragraphs.
ax = bx + 1 Subtract bx from both sides.
ax - bx = 1 take out x as a common factor
x(a - b) = 1 Divide both sides by a - b
x = 1 / (a - b)
I think the second one is the one you want.
x is the same as the reciprocal of the difference between a and b.
The equation ax = bx + 1 can be rearranged as x = 1/(a - b), showing that x is the reciprocal of the difference between a and b. This means that the value of x is inversely related to the difference of a and b. As the difference between a and b increases, the value of x decreases, and vice versa.
I included the correct explanation in my response. The equation ax = bx + 1 can be transformed to x = 1/(a - b) when solved for x. This implies that x is equivalent to the reciprocal of the difference between a and b.
In other words, x is the result of dividing 1 by the difference of a and b. This relationship indicates that the value of x is inversely proportional to the difference between the constants a and b in the equation. As the difference between a and b increases, the value of x decreases, and vice versa. This concept highlights the mathematical connection between the value of x and the difference between a and b in the given equation.
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Match each whole number with a rational, exponential expression.
Answer:
1. 343^2/3 = 49
2. (2197^1/3)² = 169
3. 729^2/3 = 81
4. (1000²)^1/3 = 100
5. (³√9261)² = 441
6. ³√216² = 36
Hope this helps.
How many solutions does the system have? 4x-2y=8 2x+y=2
Answer:0
Step-by-step explanation:
new similarity measures of intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the {jaccard} index with its application to clustering
Develop similarity measures by applying the Jaccard index formula to the membership degrees of the fuzzy sets and use these measures for clustering objects based on their fuzzy characteristics.
The question is asking about new similarity measures of intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the Jaccard index and their application to clustering.
To answer the question, first, let's understand what fuzzy sets and clustering are. Fuzzy sets are a generalization of classical sets where an element can have a degree of membership ranging between 0 and 1. Clustering, on the other hand, is a technique used to group similar objects together based on their characteristics.
Now, the question specifically mentions the Jaccard index as a basis for similarity measures. The Jaccard index is a measure of similarity between two sets, which is calculated as the ratio of the intersection of the sets to the union of the sets.
To develop new similarity measures for intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the Jaccard index, you can apply the Jaccard index formula to compare the membership degrees of the elements in the fuzzy sets. The resulting similarity measure will provide a quantitative value indicating the degree of similarity between the sets.
These new similarity measures can then be applied to clustering. In clustering, the similarity measures between objects are used to determine the groupings. By utilizing the Jaccard index-based similarity measures for intuitionistic fuzzy sets, you can cluster objects based on their fuzzy characteristics and similarities.
In summary, the question asks about new similarity measures of intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on the Jaccard index and their application to clustering. To answer this, you can develop similarity measures by applying the Jaccard index formula to the membership degrees of the fuzzy sets and use these measures for clustering objects based on their fuzzy characteristics.
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how many ""words"" can be formed by rearranging inquisitive so that u does not immediately follow q?
Total 1,512,000 "words" can be formed by rearranging INQUISITIVE so that U does not immediately follow Q.
In the given question, we have to find how many "words" can be formed by rearranging INQUISITIVE so that U does not immediately follow Q.
The given word is INQUISITIVE.
The total alphabets in the word INQUISITIVE is 11.
Let us first count the words without U and then insert U wherever applicable.
Now without U we have total 10 alphabets and the alphabet I is repeated by 4 times.
So permutations is 10!/4! = 151,200
Now we need to put U, we can see its 11 alphabets but U should not follow Q so it becomes 10 alphabets.
Hence, Total number of words = 151,200*10
Total number of words = 1,512,000
Hence, 1,512,000 "words" can be formed by rearranging INQUISITIVE so that U does not immediately follow Q.
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the administration team compiled test results for those who had been tested for strep throat in a random sample of 400 sick patients who had been tested. the following relative frequency table shows the data. positive negative total has the flu 54% 6% 60% does not have the flu 8% 32% 40% total 62% 38% 100% based on the data, what is the ratio of false positives to true positives? 6 over 32 8 over 6 8 over 54
The ratio of false positives to true positives is 8 over 54.
According to the Question
Results of a strep throat test performed on a sample of 400 ill people are displayed in the table's data. People who have the flu and those who don't are separated into two categories. The patients are then separated into groups based on whether they tested positive or negative for strep throat within each of these categories.
We must first define what a true positive and a false positive are in order to calculate the ratio of false positives to true positives. A patient who tests positive for strep throat but does not actually have the illness is said to have a false positive. The 8% of patients in this instance who tested positive for strep throat but did not have the flu would fall under that category. A patient who tests positive for strep throat and truly has the illness is said to have a true positive. That would be the 54% of patients who tested positive for both the flu and strep throat in this instance.
We divide the percentage of false positives (8%) by the percentage of true positives (54%), which gives us the ratio of false positives to true positives.
As a result, the ratio becomes 8% / 54%, or 8/54.
It's critical to remember that this ratio is dependent on the sample and test performed and may not be the same for different populations or testing methodologies.
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Scott works as a college professor at a community college. He is paid $950 for each credit hour of classes he teaches . If he teaches a total of 51 credit hours , how much can he expect to make ANNUALLY ?
Given he paid $950 for each credit hour of classes.
If he teaches a total of 51 credit hours.
For 1 credit hour he takes $950. for 51 credit hours, he will take
\(\begin{gathered} 1\text{ hour =\$950} \\ 51\text{ hours = \$950}\times51 \\ 51\text{ credit hours = \$48,450} \end{gathered}\)Thus, the total money for 51 credit hours will be $48,450.
In each of Problems 1 through 4, draw a direction field for the given differential equation. Based on the direction field, determine the behavior of y as t → 0. If this behavior depends on the initial value of y at t = 0, describe the dependency.
A. y' = 3 – 2y B. y' = 2y – 3
C. y'= -1 -2y D. y' =1+2y
The collection of short line segments with a slope that should satisfy the specified differential equation at each point is referred to as the direction field.
The stated differential equation is :
y' = 2y – 3 => dy/dx = 2y – 3
Find equilibrium solution, at dy/dx = 0.
2y – 3 = 0
y = 3/2
At y = 3/2, the intervals are: ]3/2, ∞[
Put any value of y in this differential equation,
2y – 3 at y = 2
2*2 – 3 = 1 > 0
Thus, slope becomes positive for y > 3/2 .
As, the relation between t and the obtained solution y are increases.
Thus, y < 3/2 : intervals are: ]- ∞, 3/2[
Put any value of y in this differential equation,
2y – 3 at y = 1
2*1 – 3 = -1 < 0
Thus, slope becomes negative for y < 3/2 .
As, the relation between t and the obtained solution y in decreases.
Therefore, the direction field for the stated differential equation is obtained.
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the correct question is-
Draw a direction field for the given differential equation. Based on the direction field, determine the behavior of y as t → 0. If this behavior depends on the initial value of y at t = 0, describe the dependency.
y' = 2y – 3
match each theoretical perspective to its representative classic study of education.
He argues that teachers and administrators often label students based on their behavior, appearance, or other factors, which can have a profound impact on students' self-perceptions and future opportunities.
Theoretical perspectives are perspectives that sociologists use to help them better understand and explain human social behavior.
These perspectives encompass various theories and approaches to the study of education.
The following is an overview of three major theoretical perspectives and their associated classic studies of education:
Functionalism perspective
The functionalist perspective is a theoretical approach that views society as a complex system composed of various parts that work together to maintain social order.
Functionalism is also known as structural functionalism.
According to functionalists, education plays an important role in society by providing students with necessary skills and knowledge to become productive members of society.
Classic study of education:
Durkheim's study of education in "The Division of Labor in Society."
In this classic study, Durkheim argues that education serves a crucial function in socializing young people into shared cultural values, beliefs, and norms.
According to symbolic interactionists, education is a process of social interaction in which students learn to make sense of the world around them.
Classic study of education: Becker's study of labeling in "Becoming a Marijuana User.
"In this classic study, Becker demonstrates how schools play an important role in shaping student identities.
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middle school math: 10m^4 - 40m^3 + 20m^2
Answer:
10m^2(m^2-4m+2)
Step-by-step explanation:
gcf: 10m^2
10m^4 / 10m^2 = m^2
- 40m^3 / 10 m^2 = -4m
20m^2 / 10 m^2 = 2
Acceleration of 10kg Maas's pushed by a 5n force
Answer:
The answer is 0.5 m/s²Step-by-step explanation:
To find the acceleration of an object given it's mass and the force acting on it can be found by using the formula
\(acceleration = \frac{force}{mass} \\ \)
From the question
force = 5 N
mass = 10 kg
So we have
\(acceleration = \frac{5}{10 } = \frac{1}{2} \\ \)
We have the final answer as
0.5 m/s²Hope this helps you
The Acceleration of 10kg Maas's pushed by a 5n force:
0.5 m/s²
Hudson and Knox are in a race. Hudson is running at a speed of 8. 8 feet per second. Knox got a 30-foot head start and is running at a speed of 6. 3 feet per second. How many seconds will it take until Hudson and Knox have run the same number of feet? Write the equation
It will take 12 seconds until Hudson and Knox have run the same number of feet.
Let's denote the time it takes until Hudson and Knox have run the same number of feet as "t" (in seconds).
The distance Hudson runs can be calculated by multiplying his speed (8.8 feet/second) by the time "t". Thus, the distance Hudson covers is 8.8t feet.
Knox, on the other hand, had a head start of 30 feet. So the distance Knox covers can be calculated by multiplying his speed (6.3 feet/second) by the time "t" and adding the head start of 30 feet. Thus, the distance Knox covers is 6.3t + 30 feet.
To find the time when both runners have covered the same distance, we set their distances equal to each other:
8.8t = 6.3t + 30
Simplifying the equation:
2.5t = 30
Dividing both sides by 2.5:
t = 30 / 2.5
t = 12
Therefore, it will take 12 seconds until Hudson and Knox have run the same number of feet.
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a survey among tenants of shared apartments asked each tenant what percentage of the cleaning around the apartment he or she does. the survey found that aggregating the percentages for each apartment produces an average of much more than 100%. this result may be due to what bias?
The result of an average of more than 100% in a survey of tenants on cleaning chores in shared apartments is likely due to social desirability bias.
The average tenant response of more than 100% in a study about cleaning duties in shared apartments is probably the product of social desirability bias. Social desirability bias occurs when respondents give answers that they think are socially acceptable or desirable, rather than their true opinions or behavior.
In this case, tenants may have overstated their contribution to cleaning the apartment, in order to appear more helpful or responsible, leading to an average percentage higher than 100%.
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The answer plzzz :(((((
Answer:
530.66 m²
Step-by-step explanation:
Area of circle= π×radius²
So the radius is 26/2= 13
13×13=169
So 3.14×169 would be the area
3.14×169= 530.66
(And if you have to round to the nearest tenth it would be 530.7)
Hope this helps :)
The product of 3 and a number "k".
Written in a math expression
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
3 x k = 3k
plz help ASAP
solve for x in
1. sin x = cos 2x
2. cos 2x = sin 3x
3. sin x = cos x
thx
1. x = π/6 + 2πn/3, for any integer n
2. Is not possible to solve (I think)
3. x = π/4 + πn, for any integer n
You have $100,000 to donate to your college. You want to endow a perpetual scholarship that makes its first payment in one year. If the college's discount rate is 7%, how large will the annual scholarship payment be?
The annual scholarship payment for a perpetual scholarship with a $100,000 endowment and a 7% discount rate would be $7,000.
To calculate the annual scholarship payment, we need to determine the amount that can be withdrawn from the endowment each year while still preserving its value over time. The discount rate of 7% represents the college's desired rate of return on investments.
Using the concept of present value, we can calculate the annual payment as a percentage of the initial endowment. The formula for present value is:
Present Value = Annual Payment / Discount Rate
In this case, we want to find the annual payment, so we rearrange the formula:
Annual Payment = Present Value * Discount Rate
Since the present value is the initial endowment of $100,000, and the discount rate is 7%, the calculation is as follows:
Annual Payment = $100,000 * 0.07 = $7,000
Therefore, to maintain the perpetual scholarship, the college would need to make an annual payment of $7,000. This amount is determined by the combination of the initial endowment and the discount rate, ensuring that the scholarship remains sustainable over time.
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Mike finds a deal with a yearly interest rate of 20%, how much is the monthly interest rate?
Answer: The monthly interest rate is 1.67%.
Step-by-step explanation: To find the monthly interest rate, we need to divide the yearly interest rate by the number of months in a year. Since there are 12 months in a year, we can divide the yearly interest rate by 12 to get the monthly interest rate.
The monthly interest rate can be calculated as:
Monthly interest rate = Yearly interest rate / 12
In this case, the yearly interest rate is 20%. So, the monthly interest rate can be calculated as:
Monthly interest rate = 20% / 12 = 1.67%
Therefore, the monthly interest rate is 1.67%.
A school conducted a survey about the intake of protein-rich food among its students during the years 2000 and 2010. The results are provided below.
Year: 2000; Sample size: 700; Students who are consuming protein-rich food: 75%
Year: 2010; Sample size: 850; Students who are consuming protein-rich food: 82%
Use a calculator to construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population proportions of students who were consuming protein-rich food in 2000 and students who were consuming protein-rich food in 2010. Assume that random samples are obtained and the samples are independent.
Round your answers to three decimal places.
The 95% confidence interval for the difference in population proportions of students who were consuming protein-rich food in 2000 and 2010 is (-0.111, -0.029).
What is confidence interval?
In statistics a confidence interval, usually refers to the probability that a population parameter may fall between a set of values for a certain proportion of times. The often use confidence intervals that contain either 95% or 99% of expected observations.
For constructing a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population proportions of students who were consuming protein-rich food in 2000 and 2010, can be determined by using the formula:
\(( p_{1} -p_{2} ) + z^{*} \sqrt{\frac{p_{1}(1-p_{1} ) }{n_{1} } +\frac{p_{2}(1-p_{2}) }{n_{2} }\)
and \(( p_{1} -p_{2} ) - z^{*} \sqrt{\frac{p_{1}(1-p_{1} ) }{n_{1} } +\frac{p_{2}(1-p_{2}) }{n_{2} }\)
where:
p₁ and p₂ implies that the sample proportions of students consuming protein-rich food in 2000 and 2010, respectively.
n₁ and n₂ = the sample sizes of the two years.
\(z^{*}\) is the critical value of the standard normal distribution corresponding to a 95% confidence level, which is equals to 1.96.
Using the given data, we have:
p₁ = 0.75, n₁ = 700
p₂ = 0.82, n₂ = 850
Substituting these values into two formulae, we get:
\(( 0.75 -0.82) + 1.96\sqrt{\frac{0.75(1-0.75 ) }{700 } +\frac{0.82(1-0.82) }{850 }\)
\(( 0.75 -0.82) - 1.96\sqrt{\frac{0.75(1-0.75 ) }{700 } +\frac{0.82(1-0.82) }{850 }\)
Solving the above two expressions, we get:
-0.07 ± 0.041
Hence, rounded to three decimal places, the lower bound is -0.111 and the upper bound is -0.029.
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Look at the list of test scores below from a math test. What is the mode for the data?
36, 78, 54, 70, 78, 62, 88, 78, 45, 62, 50
Word Bank:
36 88 78 62 64
How do you do rise over run
Answer:
Rise over Run is another term for the slope
Step-by-step explanation:
to find the slope, (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)
Answer:
If you look at a graph, you see 2 lines forming a "plus" shape. The horizontal line is called the x-axis, and the verticle line is called the y-axis. Rise over run is how much the y changes when the x changes. So if the graph increases its y value by 2 each time the x increases by 1, then rise over run is 2.
HELP ME PLEASE!!!
I will give brainlist to whoever helps me!!!!
Answer: t=15
Step-by-step explanation:
ST=9. BC=3
ST/BC=
9/3=3 ==> with this information, we can conclude that triangle ABC needs to be stretched by a scale factor of 3 in order to become triangle RST.
t=RS
RS=AB*3
RS=5*3
RS=15
t=15
You’re given a side length of 7 centimeters. How many equilateral triangles can you construct using this information?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Answer:
There is only one equilateral triangle possible for the given side length
Step-by-step explanation:
Hope this helps.
Answer:
B. 1
Step-by-step explanation:
When Nellie Newton hangs at rest in the middle of a clothesline, tensions will be the same in each side of the rope when:
a. the lengths of each rope are the same
b. the angles for both sides of the rope are equal
c. she is in equilibrium
The tensions in each side of the rope will be the same when Nellie Newton hangs at rest in the middle of a clothesline and the lengths of each rope are the same.
When Nellie Newton is in equilibrium, meaning she is at rest and not experiencing any acceleration or movement, the forces acting on her must be balanced. In the case of a clothesline, the tension in each side of the rope contributes to the balancing of forces.
For the tensions to be the same in each side of the rope, the lengths of the ropes must also be the same. This ensures that the forces applied to each side are equal and balanced, resulting in Nellie Newton remaining in a stable position without any net force acting on her.
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What is the probability of a giraffe that is shorter than 14 feet? Answer choicesare rounded to the nearest whole percent. a.)8% b.)83% c.)17% .
Answer: It's A
Step-by-step explanation: