A 20-liter container contains 2.0 moles of oxygen at a pressure of 92 kpa. the average kinetic energy of translation of oxygen molecules in the gas is:______.

Answer:

Ionization Energy is defined as the energy required to remove the most loosely bonded atom from an atom in its gas phase. Ionization energy in metals decreases from top to bottom and from right to left and on the periodic table.

Metals have lower ionization energies that help metal atoms to lose electrons to nonmetal atoms easily. The metallic character of a metal increases as ionization energy decreases, it means reactivity of metals increases with decreases in ionization energy.

Hence, the reactivity of metals increases with low ionization energies..

The metals tend to have high reactivity due to low ionization energy.

The ionization energy can be defined as the energy required to remove the atom from metal in its gaseous state. The metals on the left side of the periodic table have loosely bonded electrons, requiring less ionization energy for the removal of an electron. Thus on moving from left to right in a periodic table, the ionization energy increases.

On moving from top to bottom in a periodic table, due to steric hindrance, the electrons are loosely bonded and require less energy for the removal of electrons. Thus on moving down the group, the ionization energy decreases.

The low ionization energy shows that there is easy removal of electrons tends to increase its reactivity.

Thus, low ionization energy results in the high reactivity of metals.

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Answer:

it is magnesium and barium and calcium

Magnesium, Barium, and Calcium will bond ionically with chlorine such that the formula would be written as MgCl₂,  BaCl₂, and  CaCl₂.

Ionic compounds can be explained as crystalline solids which are formed by packing of opposite charge ions due to the interactions of the ions. An Ionic compound is produced when metal reacts with non-metal.

In ionic compounds, oppositely charged ions are held by ionic bonds due to the interactions between ions. The ions are formed from atoms by gaining or losing electrons in order to attain their noble gas configuration.

A cation in ionic compounds is the electropositive ion and has the tendency to give away valence electrons. Similarly, anions in ionic compounds are electronegative ions and have a tendency to gain electrons.

The chlorine needs one electron to complete its valence shell. Therefore two chlorine will combine with a divalent cation. Therefore Magnesium, Barium, and Calcium exist as Mg⁺², Ba²⁺ , and Ca²⁺.

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1. The limiting reagent is sulfur trioxide, SO₃ and the excess reagent is water, H₂O

2. The mass of the excess reagent leftover is 14.92 g

3. The mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄ is produced is 8.06 g

The limiting and excess reagent can be obtained as follow:

SO₃ + H₂O -> H₂SO₄

From the balanced equation above,

80 g of SO₃ reacted with 18 g of H₂O

Therefore,

6.58 g of SO₃ will react with = (6.58 × 18) / 80 = 1.48 g of H₂O

From the above calculation, we can see that only 1.48 g of H₂O out of 16.4 g is needed to react completely with 6.58 g SO₃.

Thus, the limiting reagent is SO₃ and the excess reagent is H₂O

The mass of the excess reagent leftover can be obtained as follow:

Mass of excess reagent, H₂O leftover = Mass given - mass reacted

Mass of excess reagent, H₂O leftover = 16.4 - 1.48

Mass of excess reagent, H₂O leftover = 14.92 g

The mass of H₂SO₄ produced can be obtained as illustrated below:

SO₃ + H₂O -> H₂SO₄

From the balanced equation above,

80 g of SO₃ reacted to produce 98 g of H₂SO₄

Therefore,

6.58 g of SO₃ will react to produce = (6.58 × 98) / 80 = 8.06 g of H₂SO₄

Thus, the mass of H₂SO₄ produced is 8.06 g

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Answer:

6078

Explanation:

Answer:

3

Explanation:

The unbalanced equation between ethene and oxygen is as follows:

C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

This equation is unbalanced, however, to balance it, we must ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant and product side are equal.

Hence, based on the explanation above, the balanced equation is as follows;

C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O

In this balanced equation, there are;

- 2 moles of carbon on both sides

- 4 moles of hydrogen on both sides

- 6 moles of oxygen on both sides

According to this question, the coefficient of O2 in the balanced equation is 3.

Litmus is an example of an indicator, a substance that changes color depending on its pH (pH is a measure of the concentration of protons, or H+ ions). In the Titration Gizmo™, you will use indicators to show how acids are neutralized by bases, and vice versa.

To begin, check that 1.00 M NaOH is selected for the Burette, Mystery HBr is selected for the Flask, and Bromthymol blue is selected for the Indicator.

Calculate: Concentration is measured by molarity (M), or moles per liter. Brackets are also used to symbolize molarity. For example, if 0.6 moles of HNO3 are dissolved in a liter of water, you would say [HNO3] = 0.6 M.

Because HNO3 is a strong acid, it dissociates almost completely in water. That means the concentration of H+ is very nearly equal to that of HNO3.What is [H+] if [HNO3] is 0.01 M? 0.01 M

The pH of a solution is equal to the negative log of H+ concentration: pH = –log[H+]

Describe: The equation for the reaction of nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is shown on the bottom right of the Gizmo.

Measure: A titration can be used to determine the concentration of an acid or base by measuring the amount of a solution with a known concentration, called the titrant, which reacts completely with a solution of unknown concentration, called the analyte. The point at which this occurs is called the equivalence point.

Explain: A titration curve is a graph of pH vs. volume of titrant. The graph at right shows a typical titration curve for the titration of a strong acid by a strong base. (A strong base is one that has relatively high dissociation in water.)

According to theBrønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that is capable of donating a proton to another substance. A base is a substance that accepts protons. When an acid and a base are combined, the acid is neutralized as the base accepts the protons produced by the acid.One way to determine if a solution is acidic or basic is to use litmus paper, as shown above. There are two types of litmus papers: red and blue.How does litmus paper indicate an acid? Both strips turn red.

Amount of heat released from 30 g of steam at 100.0 °C as it cools to 37 °C is 24.4 kJ (7.29 kJ for water and 2.06 kJ for water vapor).

Steam can cause more severe burns than water, even if both are at the same temperature. Calculate the amount of heat released from 30 g of steam at 100.0 °C as it cools to 37 °C (body temperature), and the amount of heat released from 30 g of cc −1.

The heat content of 30 g of water at 100 °C cooling to 37 °C is 7.29 kJ.

The heat released when 30 g of water vapor at 100 °C cools to 37 °C is 2.06 kJ.

The amount of heat released from 30 g of steam at 100 °C as it cools to 37 °C is 24.4 kJ.

Steam can cause more severe burns than water because steam has a high latent heat of vaporization.

The amount of heat released from 30 g of steam at 100.0 °C as it cools to 37 °C (body temperature) can be calculated as follows:

The specific heat of steam at 100 °C is 2.080 J/(g K).

Heat content of steam at 100 °C = 30 g × 2.080 J/(g K) × (100 - 0) K

= 6240 J or 6.24 kJ.

Heat content of steam at 37 °C = 30 g × 2.080 J/(g K) × (100 - 37) K

= 4428 J or 4.43 kJ.

Heat released = 6.24 - 4.43

= 1.81 kJ or 1810 J.

Amount of heat released from 30 g of steam at 100.0 °C as it cools to 37 °C is 24.4 kJ (7.29 kJ for water and 2.06 kJ for water vapor).

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The β-chain in the hemoglobin is replaced with the γ-chain in fetal hemoglobin.

The amino acid substitution that would be most important in the altered affinity to 2,3-BPG would be: His → Ile. This is because, the HbF binds with the 2,3-BPG molecule less strongly than the HbA due to the amino acid substitution (β-chain → γ-chain). Thus, the affinity to 2,3-BPG is less. The reduced ability of fetal hemoglobin to bind 2,3-BPG enhances its ability to bring oxygen to fetal tissues because 2,3-BPG is a negative allosteric modulator of oxygen binding. By binding to hemoglobin, it weakens the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

As fetal hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind with 2,3-BPG, the affinity of fetal hemoglobin for oxygen increases, allowing it to more readily acquire oxygen from the maternal blood supply and transfer it to fetal tissues.

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Answer: D

Explanation:

To determine the number of years it takes for only 19 mg of the sample to remain, we need to use the radioactive decay formula  so the estimated time for the sample to decay to 19 mg would be approximately 55.15 years.

N = N₀ * (1/2)^(t/t₁/₂)

Where:

N is the final amount of the sample (19 mg)

N₀ is the initial amount of the sample (100 mg)

t is the time in years

t₁/₂ is the half-life of the substance (2 years)

Substituting the given values into the formula, we can solve for t:

19 mg = 100 mg * (1/2)^(t/2)

Dividing both sides of the equation by 100 mg, we have:

0.19 = (1/2)^(t/2)

Taking the logarithm (base 1/2) of both sides, we get:

log(0.19) = (t/2) * log(1/2)

Simplifying, we have:

t/2 = log(0.19) / log(1/2)

t = (2 * log(0.19)) / log(1/2)

Using a calculator, we can evaluate this expression to find the value of t. Rounding the answer to one decimal place, we get the number of years it takes for only 19 mg of the sample to remain.

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Dalton says atoms of different factors differ in size and mass, while the cutting-edge theory says they range in common mass.

The subsequent postulates are proposed by John Dalton: All count number is manufactured from very tiny debris called atoms. Atoms are indivisible particles, which can't be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Atoms of a given detail are identical in mass and chemical houses.

The matter is made of indivisible debris referred to as atoms. The homes of all the atoms of a given detail are the same such as mass. this may additionally be said as all the atoms of detail have same mass at the same time as the atoms of various elements have exclusive loads.

This regulation explains that the sum of all partial pressures of gas in a combination should same as the barometric pressure. it is an especially essential calculation for oxygen to determine the pressure of gas pushing into the alveoli and consequently into the circulating blood.

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Answer:

Exothermic

Explanation:

Combustion reactions are almost always exothermic because it is an oxidation reaction that produces heat and in this case it would be considered to be exothermic but there are few cases in which it would be considered endothermic. Combustion of Nitrogen is endothermic because Δ  is positive despite being a combustion reaction.

Answer:

false is the answer

I think

Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

I hope this help yoi

In the reactivity series, the metals are listed according to decreasing activity.. In the series of reactivity, Zn comes after Mg. Hence, no reaction can take place since zinc cannot remove magnesium from magnesium sulphate.

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Answer:

The mass of an atom based on the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Explanation:

The factors that affects the activation energy of a reaction (a) temperature of the reactants, (c) presence of a catalyst and (d) surface area of reactants.

The following factors influence a reaction's activation energy:

(a) Temperature: A higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules, making it more likely that they will collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier.

(c) Catalyst: A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.

(d) Surface area: Increasing the surface area of the reactants increases the number of active sites where reactions can occur, which can lead to a decrease in activation energy.

The concentration of reactants and reaction progress do not affect the activation energy.

Here is a more detailed explanation of each factor:

Temperature: The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for the reactants to collide with enough force to break their bonds and form products. A higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules, making it more likely that they will collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier.

Catalyst: A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. This means that the reactants can react with less energy, which makes the reaction happen faster.

Surface area: The surface area of a solid is the total area of all of its exposed surfaces. Increasing the surface area of the reactants increases the number of active sites where reactions can occur. This can lead to a decrease in activation energy because the reactants are more likely to collide with each other at an active site.

The concentration of reactants and reaction progress do not affect the activation energy. The concentration of reactants only affects the rate of the reaction, not the activation energy. The reaction progress does not affect the activation energy because the activation energy is the energy required to start the reaction, not the energy required to continue the reaction.

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To recognize and test the purity of caffine , the tests which could be performed are melting point determination, UV-visible spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

In order to identify that the given substance is caffeine, you can use several analytical techniques. Here are three techniques to characterize caffeine and their applications:

Melting Point Determination:

It is a physical method which is  used in order to determine the purity of a substance. The melting point of caffeine is in the range of 235-238 °C. Hence, by measuring the melting point of the extracted caffeine and comparing it with the expected value of pure caffine, you can confirm that the substance you have extracted is caffeine.

UV-Visible Spectroscopy:

UV-Visible spectroscopy can be used to identify caffeine by analyzing the absorption of UV light by the molecule. Caffeine has a characteristic absorption peak at 273 nm. By measuring the UV spectrum of the extracted caffeine and comparing it to the literature value, you can confirm the presence of caffeine.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):

It is a widely used technique for the separation, identification, and quantification of substances. By using this technique, you can separate and quantify the different components of the extracted caffeine, including its impurities. By comparing the range of melting point of the caffeine to the peak areas of known standards, you can calculate the purity of your extracted caffeine.

Therefore it can be said that the melting point determination, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography are three analytical techniques that can be used to confirm the identity and purity of extracted caffeine.

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Zinc- nickel single flow batteries with improved cycling stability by eliminating zinc accumulation on the negative electrode. Electrochim. Acta 145, 109–115. doi: Zinc accumulation is recognized as one of the most critical issues that affect the cycle life of zinc-nickel single flow batteries (ZNBs).

High performance zinc-nickel coatings provide superior corrosion resistance, especially for items used in challenging situations.

A special composition that will corrode less quickly than zinc alone is produced by alloying nickel and zinc. This alloy coating, with a composition of roughly 10-15% nickel and the remaining zinc, can offer up to ten times the protection of traditional zinc plating.

Due to considerations including extended product warranties, longer life cycle requirements, stricter safety regulations, and decreased environmental effect, there is an increased demand for Zinc Nickel Large across sectors. Following applications commonly call for zinc-nickel:

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

1. Air and Fuel Intake: A mixture of air and fuel is drawn into the engine's cylinder through the intake valve.

2. Compression: The piston moves up to compress the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder, which raises its temperature and pressure.

3. Ignition: The spark plug ignites the compressed air and fuel mixture, causing a controlled explosion that pushes the piston back down in the cylinder.

4. Expansion: The downward movement of the piston creates energy that drives the engine's crankshaft, which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion.

5. Exhaust: The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up to expel the exhaust gases from the engine's cylinder, which prepares the engine for the next cycle.

The values of ΔS for water, the surroundings and the universe for the evaporation of water from an open pan at 25°C are positive, negative and positive respectively.

The process involves conversion of water in the liquid state to water in the gaseous state.

H₂O(l)→H₂O (g)

The entropy of a gas is more than that of the entropy of a liquid. Therefore ΔS of water is positive.

In this process, energy from the surroundings needs to be suppiled in order for the conversion of liquid to gas. So, entropy of surroundings decreases. i.e ΔS of surroundings is negative.

The process is spontaneous which means that it obeys the second law of thermodynamics i.e the increase in entropy of  liquid water is larger than the decrease in entropy of the surroundings. Therefore, ΔS universe is positive.

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Considering the definition of pH,  the pH of a 6.3×10⁻⁸ M solution of H₃O⁺ is 7.2.

pH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:

pH= - log [H⁺]= -log [H₃O⁺]

The numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.

In this case, you know that [H₃O⁺]= 6.3×10⁻⁸ M. Replacing in the definition of pH:

pH= -log (6.3×10⁻⁸ M)

Solving:

pH=7.2

Finally, the pH of a 6.3×10⁻⁸ M solution of H₃O⁺ is 7.2.

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The calculated ΔG° for the given redox reaction is -67.5 kJ/mol. This negative value indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable, and the forward reaction (Zn(s) + Cr3+(aq) ⟶ Cr2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)) is spontaneous under standard conditions.

To calculate ΔG° for the given redox reaction, we need to use the standard half-cell potentials (E°) for the involved half-reactions and apply the Nernst equation.

The half-cell reactions involved are:

1. Zn(s) ⟶ Zn2+(aq) + 2e-            E° = -0.76 V

2. Cr3+(aq) + e- ⟶ Cr2+(aq)        E° = -0.41 V

The overall reaction is the sum of these two half-reactions, and we need to multiply them by appropriate stoichiometric coefficients to balance the electrons:

Zn(s) + Cr3+(aq) ⟶ Cr2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)

Now, using the Nernst equation: ΔG° = -nFΔE°, where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred and F is Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol).

n = 2 (since 2 electrons are transferred)

F = 96,485 C/mol

ΔE° = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

ΔE° = (-0.41 V) - (-0.76 V)

ΔE° = 0.35 V

ΔG° = -2 × 96,485 C/mol × 0.35 V

ΔG° = -67,539 J/mol

ΔG° = -67.5 kJ/mol

Rounding to the nearest tenth, the calculated ΔG° is  -67.5 kJ/mol.

The calculated ΔG° for the given redox reaction is  -67.5 kJ/mol. This negative value indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable, and the forward reaction (Zn(s) + Cr3+(aq) ⟶ Cr2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)) is spontaneous under standard conditions.

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The given reaction is already balanced, that is to say tha the number of atoms in the reactants matches the number of atoms in the products. In the reaction, we can see the relationship between CaC2 and H2O. For each mole of CaC2 two moles of H2O react.

So, if 4.8 moles of CaC2 are consumed the moles of H2O needed will be:

Mol of H2O = Mol of CaC2 x 2

Mol of H2O = 4.8 x 2 = 9.6 mol of H2O

Now, to calculate the grams of H2O we will use the following equation and the mass molar of H2O.

Mass molar of H2O =18.01 g/mol

So, if 4.8 moles of CaC2 are consumed in this reaction, 172.9 g of H2O are needed

Answer:

9.85

Explanation:

M1V1 =M2V2

6.20×v1= 0.470×0.130

v1 = ( 0.470 × 0.130 ) ÷ 6.20

v1 = 0.0098 L × 1000

V1 = 9.8 ml

Ammonia gas is sample of matter is a single substance.

Ammonia is a colorless gas with a sharp,irritating odor. It is extremely soluble in water and is lighter than air. Ammonia was first isolated by Joseph Priestley in 1774 with the aid of a pneumatic trough filled with mercury instead of water.

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) à 2 NH3(g)

Ammonia production is the largest consumer of nitrogen and is the gatewaycompound to most other nitrogen compounds produced industrially. Enormous quantities of ammonia are produced worldwide.

The majority of all ammonia and ammonium nitrate produced is for use as fertilizer. Approximately 70% of all NH3 produced is directly used for fertilizer. Farmers inject the pressurized liquid ammonia into the soil.

Ammonia is so soluble in water and has such a high affinity for polar groups such as hydroxyl groups that the ammonia is almost instantly taken up by the soil and very little is lost to the atmosphere.

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Answer:

The answer is thus: The magnesium powder has a larger surface area of reaction that the magnesium ribbon hence the reaction is faster with the magnesium powder.

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